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Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 1
Chapter 1 Food, Nutrition, and Health
AHMAD ADEEB
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 3
Key ConceptsKey Concepts
• Optimal personal and community nutrition is a major component of health promotion.
• Certain nutrients in food are essential to our health and well-being.
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 4
Nutrition and DieteticsNutrition and Dietetics
• Nutrition Food people eat and how bodies use it
• Nutritional science Scientific knowledge on human’s food
requirements
• Dietetics Health profession for applying nutritional science
(Cont'd…)
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 5
Nutrition and DieteticsNutrition and Dietetics(…Cont’d)
• Registered Dietitian (RD) Nutrition authority on the health care team Also referred to as clinical nutrition specialist
or public health nutritionist
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Health and WellnessHealth and Wellness
• Good nutrition is essential to good health
• Health must include meeting basic human needs
• Wellness seeks the full development of potential for all persons
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Wellness Movement and Wellness Movement and National Health GoalsNational Health Goals
• Response to medical care system’s focus on illness and disease
• Response to rising health costs
• Focuses on lifestyle and personal choices
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 8
Traditional and Preventive Traditional and Preventive Approaches to HealthApproaches to Health
• Traditional Attempts change only when illness or disease
already exist Little value for lifelong positive health
• Preventive Identify risk factors Allows people to choose behaviors to
minimize risk of disease
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 9
Good NutritionGood Nutrition
• Well-developed body
• Ideal weight for body composition
• Good muscle development
• Smooth skin, glossy hair, clear and bright eyes
• Mental and physical alertness
• Ability to resist disease
• Increased life span
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 10
Nutrients in FoodNutrients in Food
• Provide energy
• Build tissue
• Regulate metabolic processes
• Individual nutrients have many special metabolic functions
• No nutrient ever works alone
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Energy SourcesEnergy Sources
• Carbohydrates Primary source of fuel for heat and energy Maintain body’s back-up store of quick energy Should provide 45%-65% of total kilocalories
(Cont'd…)
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Energy SourcesEnergy Sources(…Cont’d)
• Fats Animal and plant sources Secondary (storage) form of heat and energy Should provide no more than 20%-35% of
total kilocalories
(Cont'd…)
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Energy SourcesEnergy Sources(…Cont’d)
• Proteins Source of energy when supply from
carbohydrates and fats is insufficient Primary function is tissue building Should provide 10%-35% of total kilocalories
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 14
Tissue BuildingTissue Building
• Proteins Provide amino acids• Necessary for building and repairing tissues
• Vitamins and minerals Vitamin C for tissue building Calcium and phosphorus• Building and maintaining bone
(Cont'd…)
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 15
Tissue BuildingTissue Building(…Cont’d)
• Iron Builds hemoglobin in the blood
• Fatty acids Build central fat substance of cell walls
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 16
Regulation and ControlRegulation and Control
• Vitamins Function as coenzyme factors• Components of cell enzymes in governing
chemical reaction during cell metabolism
• Minerals Also serve as coenzyme factors
(Cont'd…)
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Regulation and ControlRegulation and Control(…Cont’d)
• Other nutrients Water• Essential base for all metabolic processes
Fiber• Regulates passage of food material through GI
tract
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 18
Types of NutritionTypes of Nutrition
• Optimal nutrition Obtained from a varied diet Desired amounts should be balanced
• Under nutrition Less than desired amounts of nutrients Limits work capacity, immune system, mental
activity
(Cont'd…)
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Types of NutritionTypes of Nutrition(…Cont’d)
• Malnutrition Reserves depleted Nutrient and energy intake insufficient
• Over nutrition Excess nutrient and energy intake over time Produces harmful gross body weight Excessive amounts of nutrient supplements
over time
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Dietary Reference IntakesDietary Reference Intakes
• Published by the National Academy of Sciences
• Updated every 5-10 years
• Includes recommendations for each gender and age group
(Cont'd…)
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 21
Food Guide PyramidFood Guide Pyramid
• Simple practical education tool
• Basis for general meal planning and food-intake pattern
• Promotes carbohydrates while limiting fat intake
• Daily food-group choices may be spread over three or more meals
(Cont'd…)
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Food Guide PyramidFood Guide Pyramid(…Cont’d)
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Principles of Principles of Nutrition TherapyNutrition Therapy
• Weight management
• Sodium control
• Proper diet of minerals
• Additional lifestyle factors