Motion and its formulaes

8/14/2019 Motion and its formulaes

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MOTION


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I Soumya Puli of class IX B made this projecton MOTION with the help of internet andwith the help of our Science teacherMrs.SWARNALATHA madam who gave us

many instructions and fully supported us inmaking this project . I would also like tothank our Principal Mrs. SUDAMANI

madam who gave us the opportunity to make

this project.In the guidance of our teacher and theinformation given by our teacher I couldcomplete this project successfully.

ACKNOLEDGEMENT


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WHAT IS MOTION?The act, process, or state of changing place or position;The act, process, or state of changing place or position;movement; the passing of a body from one place ormovement; the passing of a body from one place or

position to another, whether voluntary or involuntary; --position to another, whether voluntary or involuntary; --

opposed to rest.opposed to rest.


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Motion is Physical and Found in SpaceMotion is Physical and Found in SpaceTake your pencil and let it fall on the table; becauseTake your pencil and let it fall on the table; because

the pencil is moving, free fall isthe pencil is moving, free fall is motion.motion.

In gravimotion's interpretation ofIn gravimotion's interpretation ofNatureNature motionmotionis a physical phenomenon as real asis a physical phenomenon as real asthe pencil itself.the pencil itself.

Even though that sounds childish, in theEven though that sounds childish, in thegravimotion worldgravimotion world motionmotioncomes out of space and iscomes out of space and iswhat makes the pencil fall!what makes the pencil fall!

The pencil and its motion only are worth mentioningThe pencil and its motion only are worth mentioning

as this is all that we human are witnessing in thisas this is all that we human are witnessing in thisexperiment.experiment.We neither see Newton's force of gravity norWe neither see Newton's force of gravity norEinstein's space-time curvature let alone space andEinstein's space-time curvature let alone space and

time.time.


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As shown by Galileo's Principle of Relativity, motion is aAs shown by Galileo's Principle of Relativity, motion is a

necessarily relative concept: what appears to benecessarily relative concept: what appears to bemoving from one frame of reference may not appearmoving from one frame of reference may not appear

to be moving, or moving in the same way, from anotherto be moving, or moving in the same way, from another

frame of reference. From a physical point of view, allframe of reference. From a physical point of view, all

frames of reference are given equal validation. Soframes of reference are given equal validation. Souniform motion itself will also be a relative concept. Ifuniform motion itself will also be a relative concept. If

an object A is in uniform motion relative to anotheran object A is in uniform motion relative to another

object B, then from B's view there appear to be noobject B, then from B's view there appear to be no

force applied to A; i.e. it appears to be neitherforce applied to A; i.e. it appears to be neither

accelerating nor decelerating, nor changing directionsaccelerating nor decelerating, nor changing directions

or moving in a curve. The same should apply vice versa.or moving in a curve. The same should apply vice versa.

UNIFORM MOTION


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Rate of motion is speed.Rate of motion is speed.FORMULAEFORMULAE

Average speed=Average speed=Total distance travelledTotal distance travelled

Total time takenTotal time takenVelocity is a vector which contains both the speedVelocity is a vector which contains both the speed

and the direction of motion. Average velocity=and the direction of motion. Average velocity= initial velocity + final velocityinitial velocity

+ final velocity 22The acceleration is the rate of change in speed

MEASURING THE RATE OF MOTION


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For example=An object travels 16m in 4s and then another

16m in 2s.what can be the average speed ofthe object?

Here the total distance travelled by the object=16+16=32m

Total time taken=4s+2s=6sAverage speed=total distance travelled total time taken

=32m 6s =5.33m/sThere fore the average speed of the object is

5.33m/s.


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Acceleration is the rate at which velocity

changes. When velocity is decreasing,

sometimes the word "deceleration" is used

instead. Acceleration and deceleration describe

generally how velocity can change. Keep inmind that things can get a little more

complicated than just speeding up or slowing

down. For example, in an elevator going up,you can feel increased G force resulting from

acceleration upward, and you can also feel

increased G force if the elevator is in free-

fall and it decelerates.

RATE OF CHANGE OF VELOCITYRATE OF CHANGE OF VELOCITY


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FOR EXAMPLE=Starting form a stationeryposition ,

Rahul paddles his bicycle to attain a velocity of6m/s in 30 sec. then he applies brakes suchthat the velocity of the bicycle comes down to4m/s in the next 5sec .

What could be the acceleration of the bicycle inboth the cases?

ANS: In the first case;

Initial velocity, u=0Final velocity, v=6m/sTime , t=30sA= v-u t


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A=(6m/s0m/s)

30s

=0.2m/sIn the second case

Initial velocity, u=6m/s

Final velocity, v=4m/sTime, t=5s

Then A =(4m/s 6m/s)

5sec=-0.4m/s


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R APHIC AL RE PRES ENTA TIO N OF MOTI ONLine graphs show dependence of one physical

quantity such distance or velocity on anotherquantity, such as time.

Distance time graph

Distance-time graphs is a way to visually show a

collection of data. It allows us to understand the

relationships between the data.

The below is a example of a distancetime graph, thetime

Distance-Time for Table 1

The below is an example of distance time graph


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distance

time


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( )Distance s ( )Time s0 01 132 253 404 515 666 78


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As you can see, the data from the table is

shown in a visual format in the graph. The

time(s) is shown as the x axis and the

distance(m) is shown on the y axis on the

graph. The points on the graph do notcreate a perfectly straight line so a line of

best fitmust be drawn in.


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The proper equation for a line is y=mx + b

The y is the dependant variable (on y-axis)

The x is the independent variable (on x-

axis)

The m is the slope of the line

The b is the y intercept of the line.


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Motion of objects can be represented. Such

means include the use of words, the use ofdiagrams, the use of numbers, the use of

equations, and the use of graphs. Lesson 4

focuses on the use of velocity versus time

graphs to describe motion. As we will learn, the

specific features of the motion of objects are

demonstrated by the shape and the slope of the

lines on a velocity vs. time graph. The first partof this lesson involves a study of the

relationship between the shape of a v-t graph

and the motion of the object.

V l o c i t y t i m e g r a p h


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Consider a car moving with constant velocity and withconstant acceleration.

If the velocity-time data for such a car weregraphed, then the resulting graph would look like thegraph given below. Note that a motion de constant,positive velocity results in a line of zero slope (a

horizontal line has zero slope) when plotted as avelocity-time graph. Furthermore, only positivevelocity values are plotted, corresponding to amotion with positive velocity scribed.


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MADE BY:- SOUMYA PULICLASS:-IX

SECTION:-B

ROLL NO:-23SUBJECT:-SCIENCE

TEACHER:-SWARNALATHA

THE END


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Motion and its formulaes