Motivation
MotivationMotivationMotivation is an active force; It is what an
individual seeks, it is what an individual wants, it is what an
individual fears.MotivationMotivation is the driving force and the
object or the condition toward which that driving force is
directed.The study between these the relationship between theses
two variables is the study of the dynamics of behavior.
MotivationIs an individuals awareness of tension within himself
which stirs him to action aimed in relieving the tension. Beach and
Clark (1959)Is a goal or incentive which provides purpose and
direction to an activity.
Drive Is a physiological condition which impels the organism to
become active.It is an activity that results from internal
stimulation.It functions as an inner active force which affect an
individuals thinking, feeling, behavior, and interpretation of
values.TendencyTendency implies persistenceIt continues the
direction of an activity even though the environmental stimuli may
vary.MotivesSomething that that incites the organism to action or
that sustains and gives direction to action one the organism has
been aroused. Hilgard (1961)
NeedsIs a lack of something required for optimal adjustment to
the environment.Origin of
motivesBiological/PhysiologicalEnvironmental/Social
BiologicalA motive may arise from biological need such as the
need for food or water which will drive an individual to seek food
when hungry or drink when thirsty.Environmental/SocialWe react
strongly to social acceptance as when we like to acquire appliances
or any other thing that we see in others specially if we can afford
them.Classification of MotivesHilgard (1962) categorized motives
into survival motives, social motives, and ego- integrative
motives. Other behavioral scientists classified motives as
biological or physiological motives, social or psychological
motives, and personal motives. Physiological Motives and Survival
MotivesPhysiological or survival motives are those directly related
to normal body functions such as the need for air, food, water,
excretion of wastes, rest, protection from extreme heat and cold,
sleep, etc.Physiological Motives and Survival MotivesHunger. This
Condition is believed to be caused by rhythmic contractions of the
empty stomach.Thirst. A dryness of the membranes of the mouth
results from a deficiency of water in tissues and a decrease in the
secretions of the salivary glands.Recovery from fatigue. Is a
strong desire for rest when one is tired.Physiological Motives and
Survival MotivesMaintenance of temperature normalcy. Humans are
warm blooded animals with a body temperature that has to be
maintained at 98.6 F or 37 C.Maintaining proper elimination. The
process of elimination of waste matter is taken cared of by the
body through the proper functioning of specialized organs as they
are activated by adequate internal stimuli.Psychological Motives or
Social MotivesThe psychological or social motives are those that
arise as a result of interaction with other people.Psychological
Motives or Social MotivesAffectional drives. This drive may develop
from one or both of two sources: it may be unlearned drive that
emerges in the normal course of maturation or it may be learned
from people who satisfy survival needs.Need for security and
safety. This drive motivates people to be cooperative and thereby
build a society that enable individuals to live together in peace
and harmony.Psychological Motives or Social MotivesSex urge. Sex
drive is classified as social motive since it involves another
person.The need for affiliation. This is the desire to connect or
associate oneself with others.Gregariousness. This is the desire to
be in company or in the presence of other people.Dependency
(succorance). The desire to have someone to look up to and depend
on for help.Social approval. Is the urge socially accepted.
Ego- integrative Motives or Personal MotivesHuman beings have
personal motives which must be satisfied. This motives are motives
are motives built around the self.Ego- integrative Motives or
Personal MotivesRecognition. The drive for prestige and the drive
for status are related to the drive for recognition.Prestige need-
refers to the desire to feel better than other persons with whom
one compares himself.Status drive- refers to the need to have a
high rank in the society, to be respected by the people we know and
not to be considered inferior.
