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Movement Analysis
• Most (if not all) activities can be analyzed by breaking them down into three general phases:1) preparation ↔ deceleration ↔ eccentric2) acceleration ↔ acceleration ↔ concentric3) follow-through ↔ deceleration ↔ eccentric
• The more complex an activity is the more
phases it tends to have.ex. baseball pitch, walking
Types of Mechanical Loads on the Human Body
Composition and Structure of Bone Tissue
• Composition– minerals (calcium and phosphate)– protein (collagen)
• Structure - based on porosity– cortical bone (contributes to the stiffness of bone)
• dense• non-porous
– trabecular bone (contributes to flexibility)• Less dense• porous
Trabecular and Cortical Bone
Cortical and Trabecular Bone
Bone Growth
• Longitudinal growth (epiphyses)• Circumferential growth
– osteoblasts cells (building)– osteoclasts cells (absorbtion)
• Wolf’s Law – bone strength increases as the force on bone increases– active lifestyle (bone hypertrophy)– sedentary lifestyle (bone atrophy)
Load/Deformation (Stress/Strain) Relationship