Moving towards a Moving towards a divided Countrydivided Country

Chapter 10Chapter 10

TreatiesTreaties Northwest Ordinance Northwest Ordinance

of 1787of 1787– Slavery forbidden in Slavery forbidden in

Northwest Territory , Northwest Territory , north of Ohio River.north of Ohio River.

– Created laws to Created laws to discourage blacks discourage blacks from moving.from moving.

Pickney Treaty of Pickney Treaty of 17951795– Spain receives Florida Spain receives Florida

and land south of 31 and land south of 31 parallelparallel

– Must protect Must protect American citizensAmerican citizens

Adams-Onis TreatyAdams-Onis Treaty– Result of Andrew Result of Andrew

Jackson’s invasion of Jackson’s invasion of Florida to protect Florida to protect Americans from Americans from Seminole Attacks.Seminole Attacks.

– America receives America receives Florida and Pacific Florida and Pacific Northwest. Spain Northwest. Spain receives Texas and receives Texas and Southwest US.Southwest US.

– AKA Transcontinental AKA Transcontinental TreatyTreaty

Treaty of 1846Treaty of 1846– Signed with Great Signed with Great

Britain to split territory Britain to split territory at 49 parallel.at 49 parallel.

Important Court CasesImportant Court Cases McCollough v. Maryland 1819McCollough v. Maryland 1819

– National government could charter a National bank because National government could charter a National bank because the Constitution gave Feds right “to make all laws necessary the Constitution gave Feds right “to make all laws necessary and proper” in governing.and proper” in governing.

– Implied powers & Fed governs State.Implied powers & Fed governs State.

Dartmouth College v. Woodward 1819Dartmouth College v. Woodward 1819– Contracts legal and state’s could not interfereContracts legal and state’s could not interfere

Gibbons v. Ogden 1824Gibbons v. Ogden 1824– Feds could regulate interstate tradeFeds could regulate interstate trade

Scott v. Sanford 1857Scott v. Sanford 1857– Scott sued for freedom stating that he had lived in areas Scott sued for freedom stating that he had lived in areas

where slavery was illegal.where slavery was illegal.– SC found in favor of Sanford stating that property had no SC found in favor of Sanford stating that property had no

rights to sue and Congress had no power to legislate slavery.rights to sue and Congress had no power to legislate slavery.

NationalismNationalism Rush-Bagot Treaty of 1817Rush-Bagot Treaty of 1817

– Limited number of warships by British and Limited number of warships by British and American govts. In Great Lakes region.American govts. In Great Lakes region.

– Agreed to expand 49 parallel border across US.Agreed to expand 49 parallel border across US. Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

– US would not interfere with foreign disputes.US would not interfere with foreign disputes.– US would recognize all present colonies in US would recognize all present colonies in

Western Hemisphere.Western Hemisphere.– US would not permit further colonization of US would not permit further colonization of

Western hemisphere.Western hemisphere.– Control of any colony by Europe would be Control of any colony by Europe would be

viewed as an act of war.viewed as an act of war.

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson

Won Battle of New Won Battle of New Orleans and saved Orleans and saved Floridians.Floridians.

Election of 1824Election of 1824– Jackson won majority Jackson won majority

of popular votes.of popular votes.– No candidate won the No candidate won the

electoral college.electoral college.– Clay swayed HR to Clay swayed HR to

support John Quincy support John Quincy Adams.Adams.

Jacksonian Jacksonian DemocratsDemocrats– Believed in limited Believed in limited

govt.govt.

Became President in Became President in 1828.1828.

Spoils SystemSpoils System– Originally called patronage Originally called patronage

where elected officials give where elected officials give jobs to friends and jobs to friends and supporterssupporters

Tarriff of AbominationsTarriff of Abominations– High tariff on imports High tariff on imports

favored North over South.favored North over South.– South Carolina believed South Carolina believed

they had the right to nullify they had the right to nullify laws made without authority laws made without authority and would secede if not and would secede if not changed.changed.

– Force Bill passed in 1833 to Force Bill passed in 1833 to make South Carolina make South Carolina enforce tariff.enforce tariff.

– Crisis ended when tariffs Crisis ended when tariffs reducedreduced

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson 1830 Indian Relocation Act1830 Indian Relocation Act

– Exchanged land from the Louisana Purchanse for Indian Exchanged land from the Louisana Purchanse for Indian land in the East.land in the East.

– Removed 100,000 Indians from 100 Million acres to 32 Removed 100,000 Indians from 100 Million acres to 32 million acres in Oklahoma.million acres in Oklahoma.

Trail of TearsTrail of Tears– 116 day journey by Cherokees forcibly removed from 116 day journey by Cherokees forcibly removed from

land.land.– 1 in 4 Cherokees died1 in 4 Cherokees died

National BankNational Bank– Charter for National bank was up in 1932, Congress Charter for National bank was up in 1932, Congress

supported but vetoed by Jackson.supported but vetoed by Jackson.– Birth of distinct two party system.Birth of distinct two party system.

1800 Philosophy1800 Philosophy TranscendetalismTranscendetalism

– Rejected traditional religion.Rejected traditional religion.– Spiritual discovery and insight would lead a person to Spiritual discovery and insight would lead a person to

truths more profound than could be reached through truths more profound than could be reached through reason.reason.

– Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry ThoreauRalph Waldo Emerson and Henry Thoreau Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

– Belief that Americans should possess the entire Belief that Americans should possess the entire continent.continent.

Reform movementReform movement– Temperance MovementTemperance Movement

Elimination of all alcohol.Elimination of all alcohol. 1851 Maine becomes first state to ban alcohol sales and 1851 Maine becomes first state to ban alcohol sales and

consumption.consumption.

TexasTexas

Won Independence Won Independence from Mexico in 1836.from Mexico in 1836.

Asked to be annexed Asked to be annexed to US.to US.

Mexican War 1846Mexican War 1846– Fought over land south Fought over land south

of Rio Grande river.of Rio Grande river.– Declares war in 1846.Declares war in 1846.– Supporters fought in Supporters fought in

California area develop California area develop flag with a grizzly bear flag with a grizzly bear mascotmascot

1848 Treaty of 1848 Treaty of GuadalupeGuadalupe– Ended Mexican War.Ended Mexican War.– Mexico gave up Texas Mexico gave up Texas

and border at Rio Grande.and border at Rio Grande.– Mexico gave up New Mexico gave up New

Mexico and California.Mexico and California.– US paid Mexico 15 million US paid Mexico 15 million

for these territories.for these territories. 1853 Gadsen Purchase1853 Gadsen Purchase

– US bought Southern New US bought Southern New Mexico and Arizona from Mexico and Arizona from Mexico for 10 million.Mexico for 10 million.

Slavery IssuesSlavery Issues 1846 Wilmot Proviso1846 Wilmot Proviso

– Argued that no slavery Argued that no slavery would be allowed in any would be allowed in any territory aquired from territory aquired from Mexico.Mexico.

– Violation of Missouri Violation of Missouri Compromise.Compromise.

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850– California admitted as a California admitted as a

free state.free state.– New Mexico and Utah New Mexico and Utah

decide by people.decide by people.– Congress abolish sale of Congress abolish sale of

slaves, not slavery in slaves, not slavery in Washington DC.Washington DC.

– Texas gives up claims to Texas gives up claims to New Mexico for 10 million.New Mexico for 10 million.

– Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law

Kansas-Nebraska Kansas-Nebraska ActAct– Two new territories Two new territories

created and popular created and popular sovereinty would be sovereinty would be allowed.allowed.

– Called for citizens to Called for citizens to make choice to whether make choice to whether they are free or slave they are free or slave state.state.

– Both states lie above Both states lie above Mason-Dixon Line created Mason-Dixon Line created by Missouri Compromise.by Missouri Compromise.

– Caused abolishionists to Caused abolishionists to send supporters to send supporters to Kansas to help stop vote Kansas to help stop vote in favor of slavery.in favor of slavery.

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln Lincoln viewed Federal government as not Lincoln viewed Federal government as not

having right to decide slavery issues. He having right to decide slavery issues. He also did not believe that a few people also did not believe that a few people should be able to deny rights to others.should be able to deny rights to others.

Election of 1860Election of 1860– Southern Democrats chose John BrekenridgeSouthern Democrats chose John Brekenridge– Northern Democrats chose Stephen DouglasNorthern Democrats chose Stephen Douglas– Southern Republicans chose John Bell from TN.Southern Republicans chose John Bell from TN.– Northern Republicans chose Abraham Lincoln.Northern Republicans chose Abraham Lincoln.– Lincoln won election without winning a single Lincoln won election without winning a single

electoral vote from southern states and electoral vote from southern states and capturing less than 39% of popular votecapturing less than 39% of popular vote

North v. SouthNorth v. South

1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin published which 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin published which was seen as unfair to Southerners.was seen as unfair to Southerners.

1860 110,000 factories in North compared 1860 110,000 factories in North compared to 20,000 in South.to 20,000 in South.

North produced 1.6 billion in goods North produced 1.6 billion in goods compared 155 million.compared 155 million.

North population doubled South’s.North population doubled South’s. 1860 North had 70% of Nations railroads.1860 North had 70% of Nations railroads. Telegraph developed by Samuel Morse in Telegraph developed by Samuel Morse in

1844 widely used in North. 1844 widely used in North.