rf1j r y mp 41I

ila i r izfz1-V > Fffz> >I t sr lts I

TffE N StNU Y AitlL 4j ItJ3 lt

n7

= RUDjetier lo Oorerner Flower

A OftKSin In nddresslns you In thisnowwtr

ol Manner I propose to quote from men-

otromIDCfl0nntelIIgeflCoflflttOlIToBmYo-

nftI eplnln What I doilre to do Is tontin minds of the rr11 of this

Imprtlthe Kirlnnceto thorn Indlvldunllynndi-

ffit II1I I corrpulory Ilaw In the fInlnr-toJc 00J rlIA

econI to Ilio LegislatureIIn Tour leoonlo other tnmong thingsMatofflilsI 01ofUThe riadyef good rOlls has excited remarka-

bleI intcro t throusliout the country By

scltstlon lini1 ne twpnni rs tho movepopuariui ocitinlncttfl nnd expression IIn State

rwionnmlir It goes on with It present

omntufn wtlI revolutionize condition now5ihIng tIn nlrly itit rural loehlties

rlleuitatp Hint J oil hnvo been In comiminllion with the town ctrks In the Mntenml-

Vjuc e rom such communication tho fact< of tho cost of wail Improveu fICluolO11

In citrs ami Places In fifty countiesfntheStiite 27tctJtoO IIn expended nnnnnlly-

al labor ADI inIi upon hltfhwnyi IIn theseo miUns to In rago of about J54000

touch county tint you fny minting theretojTfiluru the nosrlol which I think will be

Mortally < liy tho e who haro-

MB the methods of work now erailoypd onMOOtn road that H largo proportion of thisirenditiire I practically wasted With no

irnter expenditure but under 1 differentintern mcli county iiilsht bo covered with

hi IcRc1arn toids with till the resulting ud-

nntKC in iippicdntlon oft property und InnCmY of ansportation

You state that I eotiservatlxo estimate byitclneers I 71 0 a iidip ns the cost tl firsttonitriictloii with an annual cost for mainUnnneeand roi Mrs of about 300 1 mile nndtalc If this fstlmitu IB corrupt the present

aterase cost nt highway Improvement eachjtarlntho counties nf tho Stnte tadiicliii tholitor performed tou tnhi valuation n 1-rllhe Interest and ptoUdo torn sluicing rlndcn a sufficient Issue of bonds to construct 150nuts of rouds In tacit county

Thoprlniltlvo system of reBlrDI countryroidi tins lone been blt In Im-

bedded

¬

ID the law nnd the practice must cont-

inue

¬

so lone nA the Inw remains unchangedThe Leclidituro cnnnot make better roadsbut It remove any obstructions to ronilclnImprovement which exist In tuo laws Not

only 11 substantial roads ntproto theMinewilevery ncr of lund In their vicinitylot therm 1ot direct pecuniary advantage Inurine expense of transportation and In tirlnsI-DE the farmer Into closer anti nioro proiltablocommunication with the towns

utteranceThese are wloputrlotle and statesmanlike

In the discussion of the subject of Roodwads four plnns of Improvement havo bOOD-

11ftI

II National ronds laid nut through StatesHid Territories at national expense and undertircrrlnbn of n national Government llureau

2 Mate roadslaid out through thu rOntln ot a tnto at State expense and under

lltsupervisionCounty rondsIlid out In each county

connecting lrlons towns In tho countybuilt t county expense anti under the su er-

Ilon> 01 tho of HupcrvlnorsTown roadslaid outthrouchI each town

st town expense and under supervision oftown authorities

You state thit you nro opposed to bqth theUnttnil second plans and irive n < a reason foropposition to tho second 1lanthat Iitwonlj be always criticised n politicalicbeme designed to servo tho purposes of thoIirtr In power

Yon then commend the county road systemsod I understand the bill recently Introducedh thLlsllturo ombodylnc the county roadl flay lowers measure-

As between the State road and county roadIii the argument In favor of State roadsibIt

emi tmo unanswerable and iocontrovertlThe adjacent State of New Zoraoy-

cifersan object lesson that lies open to theski Binca her counties by agreement putIntopnctlce an enlightened road policy theirT lnei have advanced at rates rlvnlllne thoseollhs mot prosperous cltlo To tako a singleillustration plenty of land In tho Oranges Isrndy 01 sole at higher priors than prevail Inscots on this fair Island of Manhattan Notthat the last llgures tire necessarily undulylor or the Brut unduly hlch But those offernod roads and all of the rural sttrHCilons tonlch many are susceptible within i Iieee dlstint In time from City Hall Under theseparate county plan what Is found to ensue Is

more enlightened counties buildfood roads within their own boundaries Iiinrrenlne counties build inferior onus Prosp-erity

¬

and progress within tho moro progrosaloe counties ensue It is true This lessonpnit needs betaken to heart by their neighton who will shortly folio wan example whoseidrantaee Is montreal

Experience dispels the 1Cslnl vision Hupan nature Is not Tau that wayBetween two such nRlhbotl third will dragout Its existencethe refuge of all tho human trash for IftJmilts It become a public nuisance anlatU plaguing all the nvlghborhood withincontact Anti then there Is no remedy oncethe principle hits been accepted that tIle countnt tho sovereign political unit with refere-nce

¬to Its own roaifp Tho now existing

la which the road district IIelunit Is dlmlnIIhl1l Is true hut In modified form hThe Htftte rond nrotem which Isyw a thine of holei and tatters hopomes athing ot patches remain such unto generaBons unborn

Another writer says The Htnte of NewTort his never expended a single dollar fortie permanent Improvement of her roads lIt >salt Out of sixty counties within the tnto offuwlorL thin census shows actual decreaseIn population In twentjronn counties alt alrlCultural within tho last ton years

1In an article on gcod roads and school nttmdnnce by Francis 1 Cheney A LIh D ofCoriliind N ro princIPBI11 the Ktate Normalrchool lhe tmt roason of tho illsraceful condition our highways much IrregularIty of school attendance ensues andthat the hUti Is responxllile for this state of-tahlAlrolnl should provide such facilities that

the remotest corner of tho districtShallI haA aciesjlblllty to the schoolAnother writer says Lust year tho price oftald haifa the larpo cities ot tho HUtoofnew York increased In price about thlrtynvetents per hundred pounds owing to a scarcityofI supply owlnc to the mud blockade whichprtientml the farmers from connecting with

jo ay market Immen sums ot monorWeTt P lld by ltyIresidents to make up thisaorance price Thn speculators and mIdKP rearrd the entire profit the farmersi dried nothing nnd the consumer sufferedhis Incident iupplle tu IMPono thosn perlone inlruiictlmt the cities have no interestto the improvement of tho country rondrfr Mtf MohwnckState Knirlnour coiLtl-orl wrItes that thv Stat slioulil mad In fur 1

I of nndlho counties should followMr S s Hull of lliUMIo writes It Is neethan hftw1er In our titato that some suldirig ndvorolnc director should maintainIftiformlty of Vlen among tho suverafcounandand PthBin In touch with ouoji othertthis non I am In favor of n generalJLJJ JuperilRlon of tho main mails Loci0 l of local peculiarities AhboItingy ana Ignorant community bestows ItsIn a penurious nnd prejudiced way andAwhile suffers accordingly

lion Viiiittm r ltilmrdnn Senatorglirteentit district New York State writeslilen enlfod the countytnlolther fall just an nltonla-

nt h I111 Bllod for tthe roitsun thlt ItheFlciilturil counties thet1-11

ft iiff thn farming Interestswliolly unablf in bet tthe burden of buildrr a Iropr system ot reeds Thurijnonnfl from tti fail flint I am n resident oftwtfpaitclt ° coaM but from n personal

of the subject among the taxflyersadminiof ottier unit tlml nr countloM All must

ii Plan of road Improvement whichlfCfUde5 tue ugrijiifturui countle is not whatfrlnWi11 lnut nuc fall I think theiiMkg county Idea will son uponKf1J they laA lMhe cart rIc

rtnanlllhl I nowiiMluln Wlmt wo-

tol itnte YlteOof continuous road

en I tduatfng II l10sll ltO drive from tuneot I

hlel1 VltfiMlu to other over n lino of-

iMiarneVnff

111 WB hall have no reason to bo

tlirJ9rlI nt nf VwVork titus means nnd fnclllI mi hut ttli tuct ronds Iin the worlllt-hi

ninfntun1 of cntt hlls out tt Iwith nllo lS resources for Incl

>

f runemsot of hlr liittrniil ioininereo FornttocafreelYlear Ipr f tlHllt flrmor hlvu helped

ut fllltuIn 11111 11lInmllllullrulrdeonilrlctnl II our iIOltIliutel to the cost withoutth adli

I t lit mi t ttllllt many thousiiiuls nfiiovIfirmer rarpl nil1noll It fIs utnu lii hisshit t line vie s I which ile

lrftndedr lit iilpfinit nf schemes fur tale In-ovmnllnlr former I cJiitliould now i rI plhe intul Tent hysiemntlc and Pt rune n mt

IhtHm nt or the country load 1 helltno-kenatnfr

MH e jfi id I iii I now peid lug IIn ItlmLilna lr itorndniitugi nnd Kriatirfor hue tttit1 itt thanach i any IHIV1nSgMutlnn Iilius fur profuitei-lllaioriitlf K Hullrof jtuifuli N i writes

KnBiAi toll State lend county tyulemsl-turr

I

t s IV somethlug more than n teninneCvohlnc iinythlni llku n allsfuetorytIne nIduddt 1 Mem nnd Ilint ton lit n-

ftedliimominwnWhoa roads wes ii the npytralT con n injintlcn In 177 n IonWo

IIius rnrlnment plnclneCOflutruucti0

5onuroln mid repair of road under the

tt of r tlie itutf anti before the close of-

Dreabfghwa5 hue oalod to sui perfect list

1 Ithat commerce was no longer rcut ISbydlBlcnlty of tranoortatullnd a

XaosIon ofhut fgday Eogiand 1s crossed and roo

tossed byCOOOO or more wiles oimaeadroadways andItts cssyof drmonstratlpMli-nothlnci exCept perhaps Uia repeal gfJirCorrlaI111 added so much t the

prosperity her Iltoduring tliB nnsi century ns her enlightenedpolicy nt htahwity construction end renoir

In the Iowa Better lloniN Convciitlnn fieldnt lies Moines Aug lit nnd 171802 Mr J0WatrlI offered the following resolution

Reifed 1t AliT permauenl psn nf road Improvmeet ibouului meted it Wale RnRlnttr hf Public utileways with manly tnfflnrin lobonllntte 10 him acethat all plan mil > p elleattons for the permanentImprovement of ioaia unit Ion al bridges costingmor than one liunilr1 doUr aDprored by theSuit Kngtnrtr I

This resolution was endorsed and favoreduythodeleg tes one nf whom said It ap ¬pears to mo thnt the State mnnnKempnt Isonly thIng which will snlvhthe question thgive ixjrrannent roads This we tenet haveIanti It must bo made by blnto managementbecause management U not sufficientIt courIVI whole Mate If counties takethe linnd sorts the countyunit other do nllMmo thing therewill bo jumping off iulutces lucy will not hitchthey will not jltC I must Ibn munnced hyState oflhulats nnlheywl net to cult tho Inlerostsnt not only nfr onealbut of Commissioners 1 Is a gIganticthoroughhT-

udgKwork it must bo cared for vhorusIYlnl

Timber said Let thp State Iowabon kcd to take put In this great Improve-ment

¬

Tho sum of fjOOUOOO tur n greatnro pomup wenlthlr ansi growing Hint IlkuIowa will hardly lie felt liy tho taxpayer

The lon Tnmen Miller nld favoring ftState Coinnils lon live us some suchsystemnN thulsuuntl In tin yrnrs low wonld bocross suetlnneil with splendid mad at nogreater expnle tlmn the present system entells with ItHdcploinbln results

The lon I J Illnlon of Vn hlngton saysWe s sounullng this praise s of agri-

culture yet hnvo lived long enough 10 see Inthe development of the railroad and the con-sequent

¬

concentration of civic llfnnneonomlnchange a great iis to bo HDpnllniT In Its effecton the farming class Deep discontent pervndeslt There tire reasons for this mont ofthem but ono of the most fruitfulI Is thntfound In tho neclou of rood building andkeeping

WHAT DAD BOiDS COT THE COUNTMThis Board of Trndo In n Tenncssoo town In-

n recent memorial tn the Legislature demonstrntod that bad roads were coUni the peopleof that commotiwoaltli t 70000Ki-innuully 1rof W W Carson nf tho Universityof Tennessee sifter careful Investigationfound the nverogmost of hnullng lie Knoxvilla market liy wagon to bo ti60 per tonaggregating SiJOOOIX a on the totaltonnnit hauled flu maintained Ithat thishauling could havo boen done for half the sumover good dirt roads nnd for onesixth of Itover wont macadam roads saving SltHOHXannually Prof Itichnrd 1 Ely iii time IhnlHopkins University anti Pocretnry ofAmerican Economic Association aplrmed1 thutpoor rOldl cost this country over 20 a horseand Tenks of Knox College llllblnksI

SIBn horse n low estimate for 11108 Fromcalculated hy Irof Canln agri-

cultural¬

experiment I nhown thaton gravel n horse will draw one and A halftimes the lond and on utncailain over threetimes the load he cnn draw on a dirt rond

COST OP ntn mUDAs to the cost of bad ronds In the United

States Judge Thayer says I hnvo made acareful computation from such data as 1 havebeen able to obtain of tho cost of bail roadswhich llctiros will bo DUblshte nnd r find

they tax what is agriculturalproducts fully liiMOUOO annually I thinkIt a moderate estimate to put thin other contri ¬

butions to bail rOles hy tho remaining trafficof the country equal amount makingtotal of 27000001X1 I

WILL GOD DOAD9 PAT 1

Mr Stephen FII of MadIson WIs In anarticle on says Butthe question-of whether or not It will pay to build and carofor our country roads IIK fortunately not oiltheory but the practical demonstration lutebeen worked out England France Uermohynnd many other of the European countrieshave solved this problom to their entire satis ¬

faction and some parts of our own countryhave tried this matter fnr enough to provethat ns n business venture It Is one of tho veryboat for the farmers Thoro line been no genoral taking hold of this matter tn this country-as In European countries hut some of theStates have laws lowing counties to bondand borrow money to build ronds Mytime wi allow me to give only onnor the many good results thnthave como from good roads In Union countyN J the road improvement fever got hold ofthe peopleI and thor expended 3OOOO inmacadamizing their roads and the testimonyof thoso best qualified to know is that tho In-creased

¬

valuation ol their lands would morethan six tlelllho cost Just one cause nman own thnt ho valued at 0an aoro and could not Onon buyer flintsince the advent of roads refused 2011nn nero for the whole tract I do not claimthat all mail would ho advancedt In price ntthat rate but I am confident that the increasein the value of our farming lands that wouldfollow the advent of good roads in our Statewould very much moro thannny all the costof building them to say nothing ttuueuunvenlencu and luxury of having n rffr thatcould be used nt nny season of sue

Tho experience of every well informed manteaches that in each and every fO wheragood roads have been constructed propertyhas nilvnncod to such nn extent as to make thoImprovement absolutely nothing Takefor Instance time building of the lllversldeDrive in tIme city of New York Before thedrive vas projected lots could lL u boughtalong the driveway nt 2GOO per lot at thistime they nm sold at Sjri000 Menywosithycitizens of Nnw York have purchased lots Intho vicinity of Lenox Muss because of thegood roads in that section Manyhave alsopurchased the Htnto of Connootlcut for thecanto reason Within this limit of the State ofNew Vork with Its bOButullnkes unit grandmountains wo hR lna inbeuutv that nf any other htit I boltove itwould be safe to sny thnt moro than SLMHuuX-Mneryenrof the money now expended In Europeay citizens of Now York Htnte would bo expend-ed

¬

In this State If State roads were constructed-as doMcnod bY the lllchnrdson Mil

The value of fnnn lands would b sufficientlyenhanced to relieve the cities nt taxation to agreat degree The representatives tide Logiclature of New YoroIYRnd county should notoppose this York city Is theheart of the State the country Is tho veins antIarteries and the health of the ono dependsupon the notion of the othor soil tholr intercsts are mutual to an extreme degree

COMPULSION NOT OPTIONTho act giving countlosot the State option

to build roads will bo utterly useless and theeglslator or Executive who offers such acrumb to the people will be 1t tn a strict re-sponsibility

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Tho good question hasderided elections in somn tlltollho past yearIt IIs n fact that the Altgeld ofIllinois wns maim possible upon thAt 1sueanti tho schools Iisuo nnd nasty lines werebroken upon those Issues alone

CAN vita PEOPLE BK THOSTBDThe nichardson Pill provides that the quos

ton of building Htnte roads shnl he submittedpeople ot the State an Insult ti-

the Intellluencn of the people nf this Stale andan implied doubt as to their judgment to refuss to allow them tn be heard nt tutu pulls Inthis or any other matter of great public concorn C unDA mince

Secretary Now York Horse Asso-ciation

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1KU Broadway New YOlKA XKV IrAnt AtmovH-

mokrU Pawiler Will Mite hattie HoLong that Only ITouocilm Cult lie Gern

Sir Charles Dllko In reply to GOD Von derQoltz In the > Cantrmporalnf says that Inone essential point tho German sunny has Itreat ndvnntage over time army of Franco andthat Is In time ages of the commanders of thearmycorpg TJienvorage ago of tlio FrenchGenerals1 considerably greater than that ofho Gorman Generals anti this one fact con-

stitutes¬

a marked Inferiority for tho FrenchJn futuro wars when enormous niasiea willengaged tho difficulty of Keeping up Isosupply food und ammunition will bu Inf-initely

¬

tutor than was over known Inmini war of the past On account ofttsu siunkelosb powdor thu Ulcers willto slaiightuiodnt thin beginning pf ouch eneagement owing to thu facility of ilUtln-luishing them Thu troops on both sides willlesllatn to luhiiui and tho battles wi I beprolonged lor several diys Conuoqucntly theihrslcnl undt mentrnl ftralii on the uommund

rs wIlt bu extreme Certainly puys ijlrCharles there sure souse men UI years old who

mil be nbto to support It toil some whotn grow yiung under the weight of ro

enciusi till II I und tim ii I flts ts tiles of their taskHut Hiieh men are ruri excoptlnns lho sty

raie General of U J yeiirt In hilt respect musttu Inferior to thin nveruxu mun nf Tifx

An liiimenro nrniy In the presence of an-other

¬

nruiy equally strung und nuch potseiblnc nn adiiilradle nrtlllery cnnnot conIslet ir hiipunqueiiil rapIdly The prllllllt11 In favor nf hitttuKI that r110mwifrom diy rlIII tipon I same Oollwith a sudden rot this dedutedltoroiin pursuit of Ihl rolreIUa forces willof mine Ie nncesnary tho-Nirtorlniibiirmy lenerolIf lit U to rIp ndvuitncc from tne lctory Thu difficulties oftninnnltllnir orders unit getting supplies untier sudi tr > in clrcu ustunees might well bu-hiHTIclcnt to break town sonic of tire old ien-eralb and then thus ennsequencvs mIght bedlsatrnus It IUt always Iis hlrlo rurInclor relleyo from n miu ondllvordo his best In th i presaice of this

Sir Charles thinks tlmt tho German olvlirIs Inferior to tile AustrianFrench cavalry and this inferiority lsdusbesays to the German system He Is In favor ofa longer term of service In the cavalry regi-ments

¬

than In the Infantry regiments nnd nathinkthat the Germans are not sufilolently

in that arm of the service

uN aczEscsr AND INDUSTRYNOnIt 1h1 the opinion ot many metallurgist and

ohemwts that chromium steel has an Impor-tant

¬

future before It and that the special ques-tion

¬

of steel alloys or combinations will bnfound to possess no little practical Importanceto the world at large as perhaps the means ofovetutuslhyenabling engineers to design andcarry out works of a magnitude not at present

Possible It Is believed however that the useof chromium as an addition to mist Iron tn anyextensive application Is not among tho prob-abilities

¬

that Is It hBrelnss notper so hut owing tocoger pos-sesses

¬

of driving the carbon present Intotho combined form Successful results have en-sued

¬

with a basis of good wrought Iron scrapshowing sronlt percentages of sulphur andphosphorus to this being added varyingquantities of forrochromlum containing 1per cent of carbon and Otl nor cent of churnmlum Hut the manufacture of those chore IIsnot easy owing to tho refractory nature of thorich ferrnchromlum and pieces of tho lattercome out of tile crucibles unmelted thoughsubjected to Severn hours of the most Intenseboat In A crucible furnace if thetemtmrnturo-lisl allowed to diminish even for a short tlothuD contents of tho cruclhlt nre liablecome solidified If the melting operation Iscarefully conducted and tIme heat well main-tained

¬

the pouring presents no special dimonlty in unit this product Is as fluid aotheralloy steels thOlll1cooling rapidly

Some notable American and French devicesare BmnDI the recent railway Inventions In ¬

former Is what Is termed n com-bination

¬

car dlalUDct to be used either open-or closed the so arranged as to leave anaisle down thl centre af in tho ordinary rail-way

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The windows large withjust framework enough to support tho roofeach window hiss two sashes which may bereadily let down Into the bottom of the carthus transforming It practicallyI Into nn opencnrln rough weather thin windows beingdrawn up ant held by springs thus snaking nclosed cur In France Itile Ingenious plan tinslately been adopted of making wheels formars by bending up seven pieces of barIron In such n shape thnt tho centre fits Insidenf n hand or false feline which In tlrnlMhammered into n groove In the tire floohire i elM rhoted together tile bentround to the centre of the wheel tholr endshaving Imold pieced between them cast IronIs then run In forming the hubwhich Is after-ward

¬

bored out and thus nxlo forcedIn by some 5501140 to 10000 pounds hrdrnul-opronurlnd the life of thn

to be practically Interminableunder ordinary conditions

A number of IDtorostDI charts Illustratingthe colors of ocean have boon presented-to the Paris Museum by Irof Pouchot withaccoOpnDlnl explanations I wall

M 1ouchot somo time agoproved after extended Investigations thattho differences In tho color of various parts oftho ocean are duo to differences 1In the waterItself anti not to tie presence ot vegetatIonanJ Insects anti the now charts in questionconfirm this view It seems that ho and hisassociate M dolnrfort watched together tinsAtlantic from Spltzhergen toScotland and theNorwegian coast nnd with such tlunnughnass-as to admit of nothing escaping their ittten-tlon Their observations Khnwthntthotrnnsl l

ton from ono color to another Is oltcnthat near Hpltzbergcn tho wnter Is erJ

then changes to green as soon ns thus Norweglnn fords are entered For such suddenchanges no sufTlclent cause has up to the pres-ent

¬

time been assigned nnd though It linebe°n known for centuries that blue Is tile pre-vailing

¬

color In active water the most recentlypublished observations show thnt auch a colordistinguishes other localities Biso

A superior quality of glass botol hRI forsomo time been peculiarmaterial and by a special process nt FlnedonEngland Tho factory Is situated In closo

contllltto tho blast furnace of the villagewhere the oro Is worked anti us

the motion slag Is run from the furnace It IsIn carriers to the glass works IneODVYn a Siemens reirenoratho gus furnace

applied to n glass melting tank enables thepreparation of tile metal to bn carried oncontinuously nlTnrdlnir n constant supply tothe glass Mowers Tho Ingredients of thisglass are fed Into the tank In charges of aboutpounds tho larger part of which Is thomolten slag the remainder being the other In-gredients

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such us sand und ulknlles Tho > osubstances aro tilted nnil fined In Urntank the fused metal flowing through a-brljt time other end of tho tank where

five working holes from which thometal Is taken and fashioned Into usefularticles In lie usual way the principal prod-ucts

¬

being wlnennd beer bottles The dally out-put

¬

hushuen tory large and the results of theTpertlons have been so satisfactory ns to cullfor a considerable Increase of the plant Theglass In this case hiss the reputation nf beingstronger than thIs ordinary article and thoughtho nitural tint Is green this color can bevaried ns required and as tho material comesfrom this furnace In this best possible condition-for tIns worker its working qualities are saidto be ot tho highest order

The opinion Is expressed by some noted en ¬

gineers present that the only possibility ottransmitting grout power with safety at thespeed required In modern mills by means oftoothed gearing lies In reducing the lengths oftho testis and In sunny cnsos their breadththe fact being that owing to Imperfections Incutting iind variations In lie quality of metalonly comparatively small proportion o tholength of a tooth really comes Into actionand the remainder Iis superfluous If how-ever

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thn teeth actually have n long hoarInir surface so that they are In cnntavtupto-thi points the risk of breakage Is much great ¬

er than when the contact Is restricted tonportion of thin surface mid nearer the centre oftho wheel Thpessentlal part of gearing ou-cIcPls advocate by lie authorities quoted

time teeth must bo spaced accuratelyanti that before ouo pair of teeth part contactthe succeeding pair must como Into gentFront n practical they consider that theform of the cunn of tho teeth Is perhaps ono ofthe least Important features In connection-with tile deslcn nf wheel gearing providedthat tIme deviation front tho correct theoreticalshuoo Is not excessive

Quito on advantage In sail to bn gained Inho manufacture of fabrics by some recent Im-

provements¬

In the buffers or springs for thenipping rollers la constructing scrapers andfor preventing such fabric cnlliictlni ut thussides of tho niuchlno during Its travel tn thonipping rollor For pressing tide latter to-gether

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India ru bber buffers or springs are em-ployed

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In combination with adjusting screwstime springs being placed In tubular cavitiesformed In tin stile frame tho bearing blocksof tho movable nipping rollers urn formed withshanks which nro constructed to slide In thincavities and hear ugalnst plate and placedliotween tin hlnkl stud thn DiifTers are adjust-ing

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screws > hand wheels arid arrangedtn screw through uuorowtlsrealeui CIPIfixed on tho fruiuesthus operatingscrew tho pres urn nn tho buffers canho Increased odiminished The scrapersthe hacks of which aro of Iron and the facescomposed of strips nf brutes are not liable toho affected hy the dyn liquor thoso scnipiirsbeing also arranged horizontally nnd belowihoccntru of the roller sushi mounted on tholaUrines tho roller otherwise It would roquire ndjustlic ench time the roller Is movedTo prevent thu fabric from collecting at Jhosides of the Mil cross piece or guide support-Is used MIa liii capable sliding in bearingijoces fixed on tho side of the vat and In eachbearing pleco Is a ruhberorelnstlo cushion forthocross piece lo rest against Thus whoa thefabric tunas tu collact at one end of the cross-piece tho extra pull of the fabric is greater onthe most dltiiit end nf the cross piece and-therefore tho fabric Is pulled to thu centre oftho cross piece again

An Interesting contribution tn geological-data Is presented the description of tho dif-ferent

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strain pierced by the boring of tho ro-

markabln artesian wall nt Gnhlisten Texasthu duvpet on thu sun uuunut of tide UnitedStates The well wns started with n JlMnclicasing liittldo of which n 10Inch Julio wassunk to u depth of 870 feet anti within thislatter n 1Jlnchulpu was lull cned ton depthof 111 foot Alter this 1 IMiim pipe wan In ¬

8ertld to n depth of some JiOi foolfollowing isis n 0Inch pipe n total

duluth holng thus reached ot 11070 footiiI Inchus but no water wns reachednor any rod penetrated From the surface to-n depth of III was a stratum of graysand thonco to a depth of id foot woe n layerof red clay undshelK thence ton depth of 101runt Wits n stratum of blue clay sea siiolls nndFragments of rotel wood from this to U15foot sands and ohnlls wern encounteredtimid following this to tho 815 feet level snndand wore discovered trout tho Sib feetlevel to tho depths of 1JWi rot sand clay sea-shells nail wood were found andfrom thnt depth to tho 3O70 feet level varyingftrntn nf sand clay and largo logs wore on ¬

countered nnd atl tlio very bottom of lie holea Lied of sea shells wits struck

A number of processes have lately beenbrought to notice for orootnl tho purificationof black lead with a removing Ironand other impurities and obtaining tho resultinst product In tne unset possible state of di-vision

¬

Aucordlnil to one processespulverized blank lead Is moistened with conentrntod nltricnr sulphuric acId ur bothlnd-II nod washed until the watts I

uold and then calcined i in another proc-ess

¬

the black lead Is hoated with a solution ofbichromate nr permanganate acid and subse-quently

¬

CAlclned and In another tho blacklied Is heated with cnnapntrated nltrlo or sul-phuric

¬

acid scooped out washed and cal ¬

cined In order to obtain a still liner productthe black lead that Is obtained at tho end nt-tbe processes thus described can If desiredbe thrown Into water stirred scooped alT anddried

I

xriir jurat AXD svoAn FIELDS

Ell Per Deseribesisoui ItTIa cad sxmlaw

LAKR Cn nL La Marsh 2At LakeCharles away In southwestern Louisiana-near Texas I struck the new Southern riceand sugar fields The country Is low andslopes down Into the Gulf of Mexico I foundmany new sugar refineries and rice mills andIndications of cronfpronporlty I came downfrom Alexandria on lied River over the nowrailroad built by J D Watkins to connect withtheGouldoystem It was In Alexandria thnttho citizens showed their appreciation of MrGould by ciulhingit nines meeting and passingresolutions of grief nt his death

The sugar country commences nt Alexandriaand runs to Now Orleans nnd Golvoston

Ovcrtliorc said Mr Albeit of Alexandriapointing to n rlpplo on the fled flyer Iswhero Gen Unnk built tIns dam to let out thoYankee alnbonl here II whore ion DBnkloft cargoes of provisions paper collrsother luxuries for Klrhy Smiths nrmy

Did tisoiwhuipflanks 11 nakedLick flanks 1 Why Kirby Smith took

Banks guns fattened his men up on cnnnedstrawberries nnd covo oysters and licked hintclear Into Now Orleans Dont ask any onearound hero If Klrby Smith licked DankI

IWAS hero said Thomas Crwlogot up that famous conundrum Whywas Klrby Smith like Pharaohs daughter 7

Well why was he 1° Inskod

Because ho found n little profit In thusrushes on tho banks said tho exrebel

Aloxnlrlll perhaps tho bOAt preserved oldIt has stood still ItsUDtpresent boom for thirty years still

servo black coffee hero to all guests at 7 In themorning and boll their sugar out In big ket-tles

¬

Going from Alexandria on tho fled liver toLnko Charles on time Gulf wo pats tho now rIcoand sugar plantations As we near LakeCharles tho whole country Is Irrigated forrice A few years ago Lake Charles was 1small hamlet Inhabited by the sweet Aondtanswho wore banished by tho English from thoBasin of Minns In Nova gcotl Tho grave ot-

Evangoltno is near horl It Is hero thatBasil the blacksmith who shod tho Acadianoxen followed his sweetheart Last year thoyshowed mn Basils blacksmith shop at Wolfsvlllo BOitth of Halifax and I have followedLongfellows ewoet Acadlans from tho Pastaof Mlnas to Lake Charles

St Charles Is a city of 10000 people withsawmills sawing yellow pine from tho Cnlca-eluultlvor sugar roflnorles and rico mils

CUBING niceflee fs n lazy mans crop This planter plays

around n little In the s with a fow dykesthen sows MB rice Deinos h Lntlnl oV goes tosleep tl It Is time powod InApril dry land After It comes up water Is-

let Thil kills thu wOtdl and makes therico01 Sometimes let In six inches-of water not because tho rico needs it but itkills tho weed I saw them raising rico ondry land In South Carolina but the boys hadto how It lo keep true weeds down An occa-sional

¬

overflow however Is sufficient At thisof four months the land Is dried up sailencrice Is harvested with a wheat reaper and

bundled up like wheat It yields from forty tofifty bushels to the nore and can ho mid nscheaply as wisest and with onehalfWhen threshed the rice is covered with n whitehusk like ah oar of corn To got this husk offthe rice must bo pounded In big mortars nrrun through machines cleanersI which costfrom J50 to 1000 nccordlng to sizeIn Japan I saw nuked farmers tho rioby hand They hind no machineryline They can make rico cheaper with highwages ut Lake Charles tlmn they can withFevencentsadny labor In Japan I believewo nomo day send rIco to Japan andwH wo do flour and cotton-

In liiimn the rice fields tiro on sldo hillsterraced and Irrigated with water runningIrom springs They reach almost to tho topof Fugminl und n HMd Is seldom overtlfty orsixty feet square Here nround Lake Charlesthere nro rIce holds of BOO acresyes andoften Ithousandacre field could he irrigatedSo America IK to control tins worlds rico mar-ket

¬

in tho near futureIn Japan on 10 land they raise whoat In

lie winter and In tho summer HeroinLake Chnrlss land Is worth 8 and thor canraise two crops of rice durnl time season Ifthey want to but one is

How tile raising of rice has Increased-In 187O Louisiana raised for tho Now Or¬

leans market L70 Ull barrels rIco In 1880443WI7 in IHfO iOOaOOO barrels I thinknbout liOOOOOO barrels of rico was raised intho United States last year

Illce is n short crop It matures in fourmonths It can be raised In western Kansas

where they have irrigation aswell us in Louisiana Texas or South CarolinaTho seeI1 to be planted should not be hulledTho hulled rice of commerce yiil not giowiiihtnve AJohn of tho Lake Charles Louisiana

Itlco Milling Company will send any one sam-ples

¬

of rice for seed freefUG IN TEXAS AND LOUISIANA

I hInd thnt thor Is n great boom In sugarplanting nil over southern Louisiana IncTexas Hundreds of refineries are goingnnd millions of sores of cane Bro being plant-edWhe9nirlisted Mr Arthur P Boborts thesecretary of the great Culcnsleu Sugar Com-pany

¬

If ho was Huro tho bonus ot two centswatt to bo kept on ho saul Well it will stayon this year and If they will kelp It on fouryears moro we vim walk Is awfullyexpensive to put In sugar machinery Thoprosperity of tide South depends on taking outcotton and putting In sugar und rico 0 willIlk out a million halos of cotton this nextyear If the bonus IIK kept on and if lie bonus-is taken oI now tlio Industry will stop Sugarraising I tlio salvation of tho Southern peo-ple

¬

stud us wo have now In Southern 1rosldontit looks us though they ought to look niter thointerests of thin Mouth in Washington

Mr lloborts I said tills ruining STiO000000 worth of cotton anti spendingflOOOOOOOO of It for herman rnd Koiclinsugar will always keep us poor Puking beetsugar In Nebrnukn will save tho wheat farmerand making cHnosucar In Iso South will betin salvation of the cotton planter Tho rank-ing

¬

of uooOOo 0 worth ol sugar In thiscountry will put the wIsest tanner and cottonfarm or on top 11 FEIIKINH

tits Jzm r slur AT A 011ZZ11

JOBOne Man Foil When Mrtfdllne wllb aKing or lie liver Tribe

Jriint IIYHI anl frrninDiscovering no bear I advanced slowly nnd

cautiously Suddenly 1 perceived I rank pe-

culiar¬

odor It reminded tots ol list I encoun-tered

¬

at this Zoo In IhlliiJclphla In 1NJ-whilo 1 stood contemplating some hoars In timeper bolol I now know I was very close to 1bear hut from tbo it muft bo ngrizzly Oh how lclllwas I hadnever mot a grizzly what should do I hardlyknow The thought of being alone too undout of sight und hearing of nAnk11 mnilo-me quiver and shnko like nn Whllothus meultatlng still looking In every direc-tion

¬

and trembling from hll to foot I soonsilly tho cause of tutu standing on allfours with his tall toward me digging in 1hillside My heart went like a triphnmmorI could hear tho blood rushing up throughmy carotids nnd feel Its impact against thobase of my bruin my throat was dry and myhands trembled us 1 grasped my rllle

1 surveyed huge biuto a fow seconds andsaw that no was about eighty yards away Istood on a hogback or ridge nnd between tInsboar and myself wns n ravlno thirty feet deepand filled with n thicket of underbrush ThngrIzzly fitood on clear ground It did not takelong to ems thut I had tide ndvantuuo tlilr WitStho howl of the cOon to my right was a blackthicket of 1lnlln irnnt was tno animal to myleft time tho lake Asmall sailing grty UWII1

iIOIHI 1 lot myselfdown on my Knees und toes projected my-nlecu ovum branch or this tiiplini I wits wait-Ing for the bear to give mo an vxposuro of itsside Tins wind blonlnc briskly from It tu Subinure It no opportunity to poentnl 1 felt ni IImnelnn n sodlur focis out eve nf hits unitbattle only moro co I realized1 fully what nsmall thing 1 should beln u hiindtohaiidcoa-fllft with that wounded and Infuriated moostcr Hit 1 was determined to Huht I It costmu my life

By tills limo I hccnmo more composed mynerves haul resumed their usunl tiiiiiaullllty Iwits Ihlnklul ol what nn urlustlnu nhnmelt

my conscience to steil away undlet that mngnltlfunt bmist got olt with liftmind whllu IIIUH cogitating the lunar slowlymOld Into tins position 1 desired nnd when

n stonily nerve I glanced nlnnir theblue burrelot1 steel sinui ilxed tho sights on nline wIt hi Isotnbontwhorul thought Its heartlay held pulled limotrigger Bunu wontItIle Inc arm unItidmultnneously tho grizzly leaped Into tho nlruttering n loud lrolonlUI cry of pnlnThroiiEh tho smoke full on one sldoand quickly recover Itself Its headtnwnrd mowith mouth wide open and head erect It begunthe charge 1 threw another cnrtrlduu Intothe barrel I looked the bear hud reHOheu thebottom of the canyon anti was Ilklnals waythrough the brush blowing Icooly waited Its emergence taut It never cameout Midway ito thicket I could see branchesquhorlrji but could not see the bear

At this juncture another grizzly larger thanlie one shot conic out of tile ptiiu Ithicket tomy right stud bounded down to this spot ol thequivering bushes In the bottom of the canonand was also lost to sight I did not havo timenr opportunity to shoot It Immediately be ¬

hind me In the timber J heard tins cry or wallof still another bear This nude terrified insbeyond expression J sat titers gazlnu at that

thicket no btuF lit tte ratch12l0 to 1301 iL Oct49 1sn2nnd no bear appearedAII witS still a death and from Inaction I hecan to chilly No mountof money couldImve Induced rn to venture down to thosetwo mammoth brutes In that canon I did notoven Snow that one was dead and was pain ¬

fully aware that one at least was untouchedHo believing that skilful retreat Is as good orbettor than poor victory I decided to returnand get reinforcements In the shape of Hank

Idld so nnd wlun wo reached the spot weadvanced Abreast Queen In terror at ourInsole Into the thicket We found one bearstone dead but the other had gone

Foil SOCIAL xuiuzzrThe ChrUtluB I ncne nrflnlnic Its Fnrposes

cad JQI Mis >lnB RemediesAt tho regular monthly mooting of thus Chris-

tian¬

League for tbolromotlon ot Social Puritylast week Mrs E 11 Ornnnls reviewed thowork of this organization which was char-tered

¬

ns n national society In 1880 The stunof time ICIRUO 1Is to establish a single standardof purity or to secure for men and boys thesame measure ot chastity that Is required forwomen anti girls As the chief means In se-curing

¬

this standarM she said women mustbe freed iron that sense of dependenceupon tacit for financial aid anti so-cial

¬

position which becomes a tempta-tion

¬

to wrong doing In the attemptto elevate publlo opinion respecting tIleclaims of personal purity Mrs Orannls ac-knowledged

¬

the valuable assistance and co-

operation¬

of the publlo press In the suppres-sion

¬

of vice and the development of universalchastity and she added that tIme society hasnow four bills before the Legislature the to ¬

bacco bill designed to prevent the giving or-nate of tobacco to minors by prison authori-ties

¬

also tho bill providing that any personconvicted of breaking the seventh command-ment

¬

should be Imprisoned for not less thanone year and fined not less than 1000 There-In no law In Now York ncalnst this offence antithus only alternative Is to sue for divorce whichmany wives nnd mothers nro unwilling do

The Import of Use third bill lIs to secure atemporary city homo for persons ot any ageregardless of sex or worth whore they can inemergency receive employment eta nominalremuneration but sufficient to provide themwith shelter food dousing and baths

TIme Brent purpose of the society Is to teachtime rlcht of every child to the counsel nndcompanionship of Its lather tho same ns thatof Its mother under whatever circumstancesIt may have been forced Into existencewhether It be horn to n legitimate father ormother or not nnd to tench tho enormitytho situ In illegitimate fatherhood which de-prives

¬

n child of Its birthright and nameAnd In conclusion speaking ot thin ease ot

thin socontly condemned wife murderer MrsUrnnnis said The highest Christian civil ¬

ization may learn much from the OrientalGovernments If men lure fitted to rendersafer and better service ftneunuclis In Orientalcountries why pot adopt this moqt neededmind surest method of punishment and re ¬

formation for certain criminals who may thenbo returned to public life to prove benefac-tors

¬

to their race through Uielr natural gltUa worthy cltlzon

The llev Leighton Williams ot tho AmityStreet Baptist Church said that thoro worotwo ways of dealing with tho evil which theleague was arrayed against One by moansof the GoMiel and the other through the lawund tho difficulty Is that those who advocateone scheme forget the other Three classes ofcases nro best mot liy legislation Theposition and protection ot wives in thehome the protection Industrial women andtime regulation of wages to meet tho need ofwage earners It must bn rememberedthat Impurity Is largely duo to an In-stinct

¬

that Is natural and rleht whenIt line 1U legitimate sphere und Is not forcedinto unnatural channels rise best protectionIs found in early marriages and It is desirableto provide places where young men andwomen who have no homes mitt meet anti enJoy each others society and tIle affectionsmay have a proper sphere of action Thenrtllllcultlcsaru encountered by time reformertho Indifference of Christians to reform meas-ures

¬

until forced upon them br publlo opiniontIns laioser faire spirit of tho age thus Idea ofgiving people tho liberty ot taking care otthemselves anti tho supremacy of property tollf In thus mad pursuit wealth

Tutu hey Mr rotors ascribed tins tumor partof the Iniquity of lie world to time dicndenceof mairlage stud the wlekeJnoss of bachelorsof whom there ilro iOKXU In tho UnitedStates A bachelor was defined as an unmar-ried

¬

man past thirty years of ago nail accord ¬lag to tho statistics produced by Mr Petersthus class ot bachelors endanger virtue antpromote vice The death rate of bachelors Isnearly doublo thntamonc married men Mostof the crime und dobnuuliory Is found amongthe bachelors In the prison records It Isshown that thtt largo majority ot criminals arebachelors He added A man unmar-ried

¬

N hut half a being Vou cantexpect him to keep tutu right path mini morethan you can expect n boat to keep tins rlchtcourse with only ono oar A man cannot liverighteously or dlo happily without u wife < iouhimself founded the family and tIme strengthof tIn nation Is In Its proportion to the nun ¬

ber of its virtuous homosMrs Virginia Farall Smith who was called

to Washington to speak before Mrs Clevelandon lit klntirinrtin work which she has es-tablished

¬

In the btate of Connecticut talked otthis work ns a moans ot promoting puritynnd Intelligence Among the members nndguests present were the llev Dr Peter tjtrykerthis llev Joseph It Wilson the llev Dr DoCosts Mr and Mrs Collins Mrs Orson Tallerand Mrs Arthur Smith

IlKVJllS FAXSHAWE8 HALF 811EKKT

Greet Variety of Zrtt r> II Dlirovery Hamllroiiffht to the Owner

Tire SUNS story of how Mr Henry E Fanshawo lost anti found the Simon Maccabicushalf shekel that ho carries as a pocket piecelists brought curious results The story wastold on Saturday When Mr Fnnshawo reachedlila ofllco In the Equitable building on Mondaymorning noticed that his mail was espe-cially

¬

largo and that time addresses on time en-velopes

¬

were In many cases In unfamiliar hand ¬

writing The first letter that ho opened wasfrom a stranger a member of the Union Clubof New York The writer congratulated MrFanshawo on possessing a numismatic treas-ure

¬

sold that he had n hoOk ISo years oldwhich gave full description of the coin placedlIst volume nt Mr FnnshawoR disposal antiwound up by extending tho hospitalities otthe club to the latter

Tho next letter truce from a member of thefaculty nf n college Theru was enclosed awax Impression of a shekel which the writerthought Mr Fnnshawo would like to compnrowith his mascot Nine coin dealers of thiscity two of Brooklyn two nf 1hlladelphluone of Boston onu of Newark one nt illzubeth N J two of 1rovldvnce II I one ofBridgeport Conn und ono of Jersey City sentletters offering to biiv offering to exchangeolTorlnz to duplicate or to pnsson tho authen-ticity

¬

of thn coin for n considerationThoro wuro twentyone letters Irons amateur

collectors several of whom asked Mr Fanphawnto mall th half shekel to thorn In orderbunt they might feast their eyes on It All ofthese people gave references Two of them-gave Mr-

tolorwardthbFanshnire the option of sending

thorn tracings In time event of his decliningcoin itiolf These sent slips of

carbonized miner and sheets of tracing paperLine Hebrew alleged that ho too owned ahalf shekel that ho wanted another In orderthat time pair mlaht be mounted ns earringsfor this wife and wound up liy bidding thomarket price of 85l for tho pocket piece Thisman liven In Buffalo

Another gave a curious lilt of InformationHo Un Ioughkeepslo collector Ho said thatlie second anti third issues of half shekelsof tho year HO ansi 141 It C are very Impuresilver The Hebrews found that owing to thepopulailty of the coin thus pure silver of whichthe coins of tho first year were made woro offtiy reason of constant handling Thu laterminting were therefore nn alloy of onethirdsliver and twothirds tin anti copper He sug-gested

¬

hint the dirty quarter look ot thuspiece was duo to this fact

There Is a touch of pathos in a letter writtenby n Trenton N J woman Ilor Ifiyoaroldtoys liiliiiy it coin collecting Last year ho-ind a fall front n true nnd Is permanently bed-

ridden¬

in conuequoncc Ho had road In TJIK-iiix ot lie halff shekel Thn mother thought

that If Mr Vnnnhitwe would mail this coin tolist her boy might forgot IsIs pnln for an houror so blue would take groat earn ot It limemanager of tin ioulty unsllaht ConstructionCompany didnt exadly comply with hor rnquest but ho spout the bout part of an hour lamaking it careful wax Impression of the tokenwhich together with u rules little note hemailed right away to the sick lad All of whichgoes to show lint If corporations don t haveonxilences the men who compose them mayImve heart

TIme rabbi of n Philadelphia synagoguestated that huts congregation was nbout tolinvu n barnur In aid ofa eliding fund He-iskcd fur tho loan of thus coin und referred Mrtanshnwe to several New York bankers Twoclanks sent letters One alleged that thiscoming of the coin Into Mr jansbawos pos-session

¬wits a sure stcn that he UanUiawe was

a member of ono ot this lost tribes nnd thatIt was probable that he was dnsttnod to take a-

Part In the restoration of Inlrstlne to theHebrews The writer entreated Mr 1nnshnweto hunt u ti hula remote ancestors or intlier findout YIO they were The other crank simplydamned the hall shekel Mr Iansliawo andthis Hebrews collectively

Irobnblytho most amusing communicationIn the whole eerie la ont from a professionalmedium whoforKS offers tocyclomete thecoin That is sheIts a she medium willput herself Into communication with this tieunct Inceptor makers and possessors of tiecoin Irons 143 B 0 down to tins present day

JUUCAKIXa A ZOO <TAtf-

Pcrllen Work nit the titeep Kollmmr ofthe Hniqnebsuinst Region

PINS CHEEK Fa March 21kThe most ex-citing

¬

and dangerous period ot the lumbermans always perilous life In the woods is nowapproaching that Is the breaking In of logpiles heaped or ranked on the summits andalong tho faces of the long rollways thatborder the streams In tho lumber regionsThese rollways attend from the tops of highand abrupt banks to thus waters edge

There otto two ways ot piling the loss at thusrollways ono by placlngthem In regular ranksor tiers and tho other by throwing or tumb-ling

¬

them In jumbled heaps on the groundWhen they are piled In the latter way the logslock cross mind key otio another and no It fre-quently

¬

ocaurs that some log always In adun-gorou position must be loosened before thorolling bumping leaping tunas can make Hathundering journey down the steep hillside toIts place In tIle water The breaking ot thiskey log Is always attended with more or lessrisk to life or limb This method ot bankinglogs Is called In lumbermans parlance a

rough and tumble Many fatalities resultfrom It every year while the square and regu-lar

¬

piles are manipulated with comparativelylittle danger to tho men and with muchgreater facility

In the regular piles tier on tier tho hors arestarted In a body down the railway and theyusually go down In ono great heap clear Intothe water In the other way tho logs aredumped from the trails loading from the woodsto the banks anti lbs In a ragged promiscuousjumble from top to bottom of the railway Thokey log or logs may be at this very bottom oftho railway or may be In tho water Itiolf orzany behalf way up the huh Thoprnctlsudeye of the hour driver quickly dotocts the pointIn time mass of logs whore tho trouble is

There are always In those great jumblesplaces where the logs have so pitched antiended and Interlocked themselves that therearo openings between tnora to the ground lilachuge pitfalls Some rollways are made whereboth banks ot tho stream aro high and stoopIn such cases dnms are thrown across thootronm some distance below the rollwny withfloodgates In them Ily the closing ot thosegates tho crests of the dam being very highthe water may be confIned and Hooded baricbetween tho banks and so raised and loweredby manipulating the gntcs that its agitationamong thu tightly massed logs lifting themmind dropping them In many oases finallybrooks the jam without requiring tho driver toImperil himself In the work

liutthl strongly rising anti rapidly ebbingartificial tide of the stream frequently falls torelease u particularly obstinate Jam und noth ¬

leg hut tho skilful work of the lumberman onthe key logs will break It down Tho Iocs arosometimes woven together almost like n webchIli to the Inexperienced spectator tho task ofunravelling It as It nay well bo called soenmbeyond human power Hut there was neveryet a log tulle so tightly keyed that theagile and export log driver theUusnuehannnwaters could not break It down although hitnot only risks ills life but frequently loses Itin sodolng It seems incredible that men canbe found so daring and with such a low esti ¬

mate ot the value of their lives ns to mnkntheir way out along those icy inceod anttwisted pilot with two or threu thousandwaiting logs above lucid probably by time ob-stinate

¬

keying of n single log and rnidy tothunder down upon thorn the instant that logIs moved a half inch from Its position Hutthe occasion lung only to offer on thin Susiuehnnna or Its branches to produce such menby the score no matter how great tho danger

When n jam of this kind must bo broken tiledriver selected to move the key log makes Isisway nimbly hut with caution over tho protrud ¬

ing logs nnd treacherous pitfalls often disap-pearing

¬

entirely from now beneath some up ¬

lifted group of immense timbers In his searchfor tins log or logs that prevent tho great pilefrom breaking and completing Its crashingjourney to the water below It the keyIng Is near the bottom tho danger tothe lumberman Is ot course the greaterIt does not take him long to discover now theken may bo most advantageously removedcoil he Immediately goes tn work to accom-plish

¬thin task Ono or two welldelivered

blows with his nxo may sufllco to remove theobstruction that has dolled the thousands oftons of pressure from above or It may requirenn hours chopping stud prying or a wholedays hard work to break the jam

It Is when the key lis broken that the drivermust use all his nimbleness nerve skill antijudgment to escape from the rush ot pitchingtossing thundering logs that he has startedHe leaps lucre and there jumping from log tolog In his flight with the avalanche of timberpressing cloio behind him until he is Innplace ot safety In relcnslnga jam on 1inoCreek a few seasons ago five men were caughtin the succeeding rush of logs and killed Thofatalities that attend the breaking Into arough and tumble log pile in the lumber re-gions

¬

would startle people If mado a specialitem In a report of vital statistics

The rush or a pile of logs down a steep rollway unobstructed Is ns exciting n scone InItself as any ono could wish to see To see erieIn pursuit of a driver who huts just released Itfrom durance Is n sight to appall the stoutestheart The stories those daring woodsmentell of hairbreadth escapes from death in jogjams on tile railways are thrilling beyond anyother of tho moving recitals of life In the woodsanti Imvo robbed many n tyro ot his sleep afterlistening to them around the camp Ore

xurzxa FOil A 7141Lfl04D

Some PurxrbailniE Ajsrntu Hptnd SSOOOOOO-m Year

The purchasing agent of A Croat railroad oc-

cupies¬

a place that would be a sinecure forthose persons ot elthersex who delight In buy-ing

¬

for buylngs sake But It Is no sinecureto tlip purchasing agent who buys from yearsend to years end and is always on the look ¬

out for low prices which ho generally findsThe custom of a big railroad Is no small mattar to any business house and ns goods arealways ordered in largo quantities tIme pricesare made correspondingly low

The work of tha purchasing ncont Is to auditall Ito requisitions mado upon hum by headsof departments anti station masters and tobuy tho goods called for Some ot this workho does In person and some by proxy TInsprincipal Items with which ho has to deal aroIron rope waste glass stationery and oilHe must keep himself informed ot lie marketprices ot these articles nnd be ready alwaysto take advantage of n glut In the market nr ndrop In price from any nthor cause Ho buysalways at n discount from the lowest marketprice because he oujx In grout quantities

This purchasing agent of such u mail nsthin New York Central buys about r00Out worth of goods every yuan Ho busnothing to with time rails lumber nrheavy machinery they are attended toIn other quarter livery hend of de-partment

¬

and every station agent must snakea requisition on tide llrst of tile month for tilesupplies that ho will need for thnt months Tokeep time business in good running order It isImparntivo thnt tho requisitions be made on thusllrst ot thus month it will not do for the agentto write In the middle of hue month thut ho Isshort of something

These requisitions aro sent direct to the pur-chasing agent and he audits them If bethinksthat too much nf any uttlcle has been orduredlie cuts down the order If on the other handlie order Is manifestly too small he IncreasesIt This however seldom happens After tinsrequisitions huvu been audited they arc sentto one of the principal officers of the companyfor his approval As soon as they reculvo isisstamp hue goods are shipped to their destina-tion

¬

They are not bought us needed butt arekept In stock In great quantities

A Kuv reporter found the purchasing agentof the New York Central llallroad In tlio midstof a heap of requisitions Ono or two exam-ples

¬

will give an titan of what time requisitionsculled for One uses for 3 dozen rod globes forsignal lanterns iSO barrels of oil loo barrelsof signal oil 20 Billions of turpentine 10000seals nnd wires for sealing freight care n coilof rope Ova Inches In circumference 1 dozenbrooms huh a dozen sponges 100 pounds ofwnstu for cleaning chimneys 3 gallons of softsoap for cleaning cabooses 4 Kegs of nalUf OO envelopes 1000 paper clasps 1 grosseach of pins mind pencils ami 10 yards01 flag bunting An ofllco In the in-terior

¬

of Iso state called tot 1000O largeenvelopes JOOOO small envelopes ftOO smallpads 0000 letterheads 10 gross of pens 500application forms tOO monthly report blanks10 gross ot pencils 10 gross ol clasps 1OOlarge sticks of red sealing wax 500 heavyfnanilia envelope 5 dozen oilcans IJ dozenlanterns 10 signal lamps 3 dozen wIllIeglobes U large lamps for station 2 desenbrooms 4 featherdusters ISO poundsof waste0 kegs ot nails a halfdozen largo chamoisskins 75 panes of glass ItlxJO 5 coils ofsmall rope onequarter bale ol coarse wrap ¬

ping paper 250 fence pickets and 1100 feetof barbed wire-

Sometimes the Iron bought comes out of thisfoundry so hot lust It scorches the car tloorsThe discount secured by buying Iron In largequantities IIs very slight but In stationery nntile other hand it Is very large Stationeryut retail Is not highs nt present but the pur-chasing

¬agent cola It nt about onehalf theusual rates In rope too he gets heavy dis-

counts¬

The purchasing agent not only keeps hismind practising continual gymnastics figuringfor low prices nut he has hard work tn keepthe run ot all his etnok The single Horn nfenvelopes Is enough to confuse him TheNew York Central Bnllroad usse 10000 differ-ent

¬

forum of envelopes

DESOLATE xicotAsA Strangely I lcrt llnt Island Off the PicaS

Sr tttllfornluVoid lAf j efekeiisl

The Channc llslnnds oft the coast of SantaBarbara anti San Buenaventura are objects of 4curiosity and mystery to all but a few loversof adonturo anti arahrcolonlcal researchThese Islands constitute Californias onlyRichlpclngo oxcont tha six rooky Islet ot theFarallones Notwithstanding this and theunique attractions of the southern group theyare today moro solitary and unfrequentedthan In tho centuries preceding the settlemont of this coast by tho Americans KochIsland has Its own wild traditions lint suitthcso thrilling stories must sink lute lnil nin-cnnco before this marvolloui history of BanNicolas one nf the smalloat of the group andtime furthest irma tIns mainland

H was on this slip of sandstonn that a womanlived alone for eighteen years and was at iqatrescued by Capt Xldover In liCil Wise broughther to his homo In Snntn llnrharn whnro fadied n year Intur flue female Crusoe waxthalast of u sitnerior race who onto Inhabltnd luteIsland and whom CuhrHIo described as com-paratively

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white anti nf mddy complexion n-

Tho native men woro finally oxloiinlnated brAleutian scat hunters nnd the women loft julalone on time Ohalashat or Sea Otter Island ait VSan Nicolas wa then called VVhon thosnwomen worn brought off tho Island by thamission padres onu nf thalr number was unin ¬tentionally loft behind tot tho hnlfof u coil ¬tury this poor unfnittmnto line heen knownis tile Iono Wnmin nf 8ati Xlcolns HerPlmcfktn dross anti nthor relics sure yet un-DXhlbtllon In Home where they wore sent bythe i4uiiutut llarbnra Father

San Mcolas is iiifiity miles south of SanBuenaventura Its tnpngratdiy shows n nearlylovr plntoiu withI i an olmatlon nt HIO tn 1Kfeet The l uglh of iso Island Is nuvon nnd ahalff mile ii mud IthI i avvrnee widthI Itour ml-lTwothirds

I leanf tho surface Is ivrull withdriftingI ennuI unit lho remalnd r grouts ivspecie ot nutritious grits und mom on which

n tlmiiMind shout find pasture ttavotalspring hnvo been dUcovured but their waterIN slightly brackish Of Into ycirs tholi lan tIs rarely vsltid uxcopt hs Hlirnn shearers nn 1

shell cnthertrs who maku nnnunl trips In-bohooiiiTs fishing smack or Chinese junks

rise only snfe Inndlncurnund at Hun Nlcnlasis itt Critl harbor n pretty cove formed hytwo and tone arms thrust out from the ninlnbarrier ot tilt nlioro The ontranco Is hut sixor coven yards sucrose und tide water within Ihaplied ni n lilo neil xulllclently riuep to llont avessel ol twenv liim burden On the bleaksilvery strlfi tit hi aeh soxvral Immense whltapelicans pro nenaded with stately dignity Onthus approach nr time dingy they spread theirhinvy pointed wings and vanished over tuntruncatod rocks AM eagle perched uponpinnaulnd crag snrvood tho icino withcarnacebroo ling eyes There wcio millll 4tides of shags nnd gulls patrolling tin lowlyIng looks ivldimtly Intent upon tint frolicsonic flush In thn Mumls Further uu tho nlopa-if tho hoach theru N soon n dllaiddatid idiotsIng shied coil a wimthcrworn shanty belong ¬lag to Chinese shell uathuiors who hauntthesu lonely chills diii leg Uk summer and fallNothing mor dsulnto than thu general up-pearanco ot thu Island cute well bo ImaginedAs tar its thnoyo can trace there are barren ylevels with Innumcrablecireular depressionsshowing whoioprlmltlvud wettings nncnMiod ajfNot a vestige rxmalns of the materials used fIn tIle construction of thos inncherlas Hun ¬

dreds of shell moumlrt sure scattered cloutnail upon Invostluatlon mute found to consist nt-nstonishlng numbers ot mollusks the bonesof every spo lus nf Ilsli found In thu chan-nel

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skeletons of fcixls sea elephantswhales son otter lie Island fox asiavarious aquatic birds Without questionIhefO nnlmnls worn Used for fond bytins tribe lint once thronced these bonndnrlus-Thcro wero also numerous Canine skeletonseveral of which Indicated u specie of hullterrlor Judging from tile Immense quantitiesof dond land mollusks everywhere there musthave been n timd when thus Island supported nluxuriant vegetation Of nil this crdtiienothing Is seen today but n low stunted thornhusho and now nnd then n cactus forlornlyreaching its grotesque arms out of tho latermlnablo sweeps nt sind

An examination of some ot hue mounds dis-closed

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all sorts of curious utensils stonecooking pots alias mortars pestles drillsbrine noodles stud fishhooks shell beadscharm stones pipes cups and n few arrowhuads spear points mimI mvords made ot-liono TIns absence of many weapons prnvndthe peaceful attributes of the IslandersSin nil Imitations of boats and fish curvedfrom crystallized talo und serpentine alsobetrayed a rudimentary knowledge nt tileart of sculpture In many places conicalpiles ot small black pubblo contrasted 8oddly with the whlto sand In name c

instances those pebbles were closelypacked In abalone shells Nn trace is seenof the brush pens In which a woman foryears found hor only pholtur from time cut-ting

¬wind and Bind Nature over unmind-

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of tile Individual hud long since meririthe superhuman efforts of this courageous lifeInto time universal fate of an entire race Indeed overt foot of this uncanny Island is elo-quent

¬ jof the labor oppression and extinc-

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ot this almost unheardof peopleA trip westward alone the coast over a vast

extent of shell mounds sets one to wonderinghow It was possible for u limited populr lion toconsume such prodigious numbers of mol-lusks

¬In fact tho Inllnlto variety of molluca u

on San Nicolas is said not to bo exceeded hyany other known region of equal area Theshore line Is of coarse sandstone burrowed bythe pounding surf into fantastic nlcivobridges columns and caves bometlmcrthose savage cuts form mile effigies bearinga surprising likeness to living creatures Oneof tile most conspicuous is tho exact countpart of the neck breast anti body of u birdwith nn alert hooded head This plnee otnatures sculpturing must he forty loot longund behold from n dlstanco looks quite as per-fect

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as If fashioned by manGoing westward from this gnawed surf

lashed wall tha ground mnkasa gentle tiecentto n wide mesa terminating In n steep escarp-ment

¬Tho ntmosphoro from this nluutlon Is

BO delicately clear that tlio eye Odin readily illstingulsh this peaked tops ot sill the JJiannelIslands but Sun Miguel Saven miles oil thonorthwest spur ot tan Nicolas IK a black lumpof rock known to mariner ns Hecesrt flockMore tho good ship John Begcs wits nearlylost in 1824 Immediately ut our feet therestretched away n dreary desert of stupendousbarrenness A singular characteristic of theplacu were heaps of the bones of wh ties theirarrangement and packing so systematicallycorrect as tn havuwlthston luceuturys sweepwinds over this txiuoCi pntnt Only one hu ¬

milan skeleton was lound here Its blencheddismembered nspect In keeping with thusdriven dfsolntonasi nf tins putt Thus merci-less

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blast haul piled tho sand dunes nil aboutbut spreid no kindly drift over this roughsketch of man All nround were tile cn ts of C

routs of trees In tbo shifting saudi ranging niltho way In sIze from coarse llbro tnsevorilinches In Jiamuter Tho o senilpeti lfatlonswore Intact tho wind Inuring swept them clcnnof Ithu loose oarth iliet guru u metallic ringwhen tnfipud with a rock nr shell A still mororumnrkabln feature nf tliit desert wn u stoneforest the broken columns confused of in¬

durated sindAt tide extreme west end nt the Island there

Is n colossal procipiou lttoo loot In liciclit Itschasmud stud sllited fncu softened hyi luxu-riant

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grnwtli of iniiurnld moss nnd llehunsTins most gruesome iif sill tIns sights on this t

cit rutego Islnnd Is tto bo seen on Iiln broadplateau south of the Chinese camp ut Coralfiurbor lEers many acres ot time nuked sandla Uttered with hundreds nf dlxininlud stoletone trait present the most reckless Illnsiratlon of tins ground plan of Immunity that CImagination can picture The genlovUt of fthe party was almost busldo himself with jayand seized u hugo thigh bono and measuredIt against time canvas trousers of tlio artist

Just ns I thought ho cried exultinglyIt Is all of llvo inches longer ant > ou must

bun pool six feet ill your stocking WhoSuave those IslandarH were not giants I

Thorp was also found to lion marked differonce In tho cnulorpmtlouot thin skulls ns com-pared

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with those exhumed on the other Chiteell Islands amid tho mainland Tholr elrouiuferenco meusutud several Inches more antithe facial nnulua denoted a ranch higher grade jof Intelligence Tin geologist made n pivot tof lilt loft hand whoreon to airily poisesbonv grin and enthusiastically declared

Tills superb skull has all the attributes ofthe Caucasinmi race A few geometrical squaresproperly outlined anti labelled und behold aplironnlogicnl bust for your study tnliloiIt did nut require moru than ncursoryjsx-nmlnntlon of those ghastly relics tn give convlncltig proofs nt iso fihyslvnl anti Intellootunl-suporloilty of thin extinct nice over lucIadlnn tribes ol tins neighboring land Manyot the skulls were apparently broken bv n warclubthe favorite weapon of time Aleutiandostroyers but the most diligent search 4throughout this ancient battleground couldnot produce u single ono showing tho porter ii-lion nf a bullet

Whllo wandering tnrouzh thuis amazing tsrlitory this sinking sun war duddonly sub>

merged In a bank of Inrushlng fog mind nIghtclosed down with sinister precipitancy NnvrV 4LantI again the wind hurtled over this shivering adunes rattling together unmated clavlflesrolling L-

etnbrncutTint

Tike footlialle and compclllnifIs gaping ribs of skeletons to a ernveyanl tfl

wit loathsome In tlis oxlreinivir iNo sound greetnd the ear but the doleful eom Tt-plaining of this distant sea and the brltllV-sunpplne of bones under foot For hoursthVKentire universe seemed obliterated outsidefew feet of gleaming skeletons and sand Noone lund tIme remotest Idea ot the points of thecompass nnd we fcrambled about blindly ourblood chilled more by nervous horror and Sweariness than his penetrating Pig Finallywe halt slid half fell down the smooth m-

bnmkment ot n basinlike hollow and met aslsht that was npnnllliig rite place was alivewith spectral lights revealing with frlzhluldistinctness tutu fleshiest grin of tmmbvlesskulls nail rlbby skeletons strewn shoutpiece by piece und all softly aflame rlsesisunbent lights went out were roklndled i

ihllted danced and flickered all In thin sauna i

breath a hideous putt upon ghn ty rollswhoSe very nakftdnens was a dumb luotusttejtile uuliolr Illumination

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