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MPEG-21 : Overview
MUMT 611
Doug Van Nort
Introduction
Rather than audiovisual content, purpose is set of standards to deliver multimedia in secure environment
Builds on MPEG-4 and MPEG-7 standards
Introduction
Framework for delivery, consumption and exchange of multimedia content
Based on two concepts: Digital Item - fundamental unit of distribution and transaction. structured and standardized
Users, who interact with Digital Items
Goals
Initial Tech Report ISO/IEC 21000-1 of September 2001established:
Goal of creating “multimedia framework (for) transparent…use of multimedia resources across a wide range of networks and devices…”Integration of components and standardsEstablished “strategy” of collaborationTo bring together technology and multimedia content standards, one step at a timeIntellectual property rights
Standardization
Calls for Proposals issued by MPEG, based on certain requirements.
Responses from MPEG experts and industry reps result in a part of the MPEG-21 standard
User Model
“any entity that interacts in the MPEG-21 environment or makes use of a Digital Item. Such Users include individuals, consumers, communities…”Users identified by relationship to other Users
No distinction made between provider and consumer out of context.
User Transactions
MPEG-21 is framework for interactions between Users
Examples of “Interactions” may include creating, providing, editing, enhancing or delivering content.
Digital Items
Fundamental architectural unitCombination of resources (audio/video), metadata (MPEG-7 descriptors) structure (relationship between resources)
Digital Items
Digital Item Declaration (DID)Specification of abstract terminology and concepts to create working model of Digital Item definition
Entire grammar of DID representation is in XML formatEstablished as part of MPEG-21 standard
Digital Items
Digital Item Identification (DII)How to:
uniquely identify Digital ItemsIdentify IP addresses related to DIIdentify description schemesUse these indentifiers to link DI with info such as metadata
Accomplished by including in DIDL “statement” message
Established as part of MPEG-21 standard
Example
DIDL example
<ITEM><DESCRIPTOR><STATEMENT TYPE=“text/plain”>Weapons of Mass De(con)struction</STATEMENT></DESCRIPTOR><COMPONENT><RESOURCEREF=“file:///pix/dsc1234.REF=“file:///pix/dsc1234.jpg”/></COMPONENT></ITEM>
Good For:
1. Digital Libraries 2. Broadcast usage 3. Publishing 4. Music/Video Releases 5. Asset management 6. Cataloguing in publication 7. Trade transactions 8. Content filtering 9. Media resource delivery10. Streaming media
Currently in Development
Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP)
Rights Expression Language (REL)
Rights Data Dictionary (RDD)
Digital Item Adaptation
Reference Software
File Format
IPMP
Building on existing MPEG-4 IPMP
Providing more interoperability between systems
Ideally: standardization of DRM
IPMP
Identification: copyright descriptor = identifier + number
Identifier refers to Registration Authority (such as ISBN)
Protection: encryption
REL
Language to declare rights and permissions using specific syntax and semantics
Defined by Rights Data Dictionary
RDD
Provide definition of term for use in REL
Mapping of metadata from the terminology of one authority into that of another.
Digital Item Adaptation
shield Users from network and terminal management and implementation issues
Reference Software
Guide implementation of specifications on a particular system
PrioritiesCompleteness
Variety of data supported
ConfigurabilityAugmentations for particular Users
VersatilitySupport for many specifications, on many sytems
Security Ensure privacy of Users
InteractivityExtensibility
Higher level of abstraction allow for change with new tech
File Format
Method of packaging content that is both text and binary, still and dynamic in a compressed form
Musical Use
Example:Audio content which also contains sheet music, midi files
Conclusion
Quite ComprehensiveCan change expectations of general Users of Multimedia content
Provides more “complete” multimedia experience by providing other forms of description and representation
Will Lead to less passivity in consumers?
Issues of Intellectual Property….Project with very large scope -> specifications remain abstract
Allows it to be around 5 years later?