MPI-BGC contribution to the CE Regional Experiment: First Results and Outlook Christoph Gerbig Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry Acknowledgements:

MPI-BGC contribution to the CE Regional Experiment:

First Results and OutlookChristoph Gerbig

Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry Acknowledgements:

Bruno Neininger, Joel Giger, Han Bär (MetAir)

Stefan Körner, Armin Jordan, Michael Rothe (BGC)

Uwe Rascher, Heiner Geiss (FZJ)

Thorsten Warneke, Justus Notholt

MetAir

• Flask sampling (CO2, CO, CH4, SF6, N2O, H2, 13C and 18O in CO2)

– 240 flasks sampled aboard Piper Aztec, synchronized via recorded pressure transducer signal

– 120 flasks sampled aboard Eco Dimona, synchronized via signal during closing

– All flasks analyzed at Jena GasLab

• Eco Dimona flights (90% funded by MPI-BGC, 10%

CE)

– 11 flights (42 hours) mostly in the LesLandes Region (apart from transits)

• STILT forecasting for online flight planning

support

– Airmass history forecast for up to 6 days

– ECMWF and ALADIN winds

– 3 different receptors (Biscarosse, La Cap Sud, Marmande)

Jena Contribution

Eco Dimona flights

Eco Dimona flights

• IOP2:– 24th May: transit + science flight Bremgarten –

Saucats– 25th May 2005: exploratory flight, testing flight

planning, flexibility, and comunication with ATC and military (worked perfect).

– 26th May 2005 morning: first part of a Lagrangian.– 26th May 2005 afternoon: second part of a

Lagrangian, northern measurement area might be same airmass as measured in the morning.

– 27th May 2005 morning: following the constant level balloon released at La Cap Sud in the morning.

– 27th May 2005 afternoon: intercepting the constant level balloon released at La Cap Sud in the afternoon.

Eco Dimona flights

• IOP4:– 6th June: Lagrangian from North of Arcachon to La

Cap Sud, with help from constant level balloon released at La Cap Sud in the afternoon

– 7th June: Chasing the Bordeax plume towards the Biscarosse Tower, evidence of a sea breeze.

• IOP5:– 14th June: Lagrangian in a nearly ideal westerly

flow situation.– 15th June: Attempted Lagrangian under flow with

strong layering and windshear. This will be a critical test and a challenge for models. Radiation was reduced due to clouds (changed rtio direct/diffuse light).

– 17th June: transit + science flight Bremgarten – Saucats

Eco Dimona flights

Eco Dimona flights: 27 May, Afternoon

CO2 Theta

H2O

intercepting the constant level balloon released at La Cap Sud in the afternoon (track indicated by blue arrow)

CO NOx

aerosols

Pollutants and photo-oxidants

Eco Dimona flights: 27 May, Afternoon

O3

quicklooks: http://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/bgc-systems/projects/ce_re/xsection/

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

01

23

4

time before samling end [s]

we

igh

ting

[%]

piper6.6.2005a 32049Flask weighting function

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

01

23


wei

ghtin

g [%

]

piper6.22.2005a 28250

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

01

23

4


wei

ghtin

g [%

]

piper6.6.2005a 27163

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

01

23


wei

ghtin

g [%

]

piper6.6.2005a 28015

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

01

23


wei

ghtin

g [%

]

piper6.6.2005a 28624

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0


wei

ghtin

g [%

]

piper6.6.2005a 29517

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

01

23

4


wei

ghtin

g [%

]

piper6.6.2005a 32049

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

01

23

45

67


wei

ghtin

g [%

]

piper6.6.2005a 32349

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

01

23

45


wei

ghtin

g [%

]

piper6.6.2005a 32847

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

01

23

4


wei

ghtin

g [%

]

piper6.6.2005b 55513

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

01

23


wei

ghtin

g [%

]

piper6.22.2005a 28250

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

01

23

4


wei

ghtin

g [%

]

piper6.6.2005a 27163

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

01

23


wei

ghtin

g [%

]

piper6.6.2005a 28015

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

01

23


wei

ghtin

g [%

]

piper6.6.2005a 28624

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0


wei

ghtin

g [%

]

piper6.6.2005a 29517

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

01

23

4


wei

ghtin

g [%

]

piper6.6.2005a 32049

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

01

23

45

67


wei

ghtin

g [%

]

piper6.6.2005a 32349

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

01

23

45


wei

ghtin

g [%

]

piper6.6.2005a 32847

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

01

23

4


wei

ghtin

g [%

]

piper6.6.2005b 55513

flushing~exp(-(t0-t)/tau) filling

~dp/dt(based on measured

flask pressure)

174 Flask results (Piper Aztec)

370 380 390

0.5

1.5

2.5

CO2 [ppm]

Alti

tud

e [k

m]

100 140 180

0.5

1.5

2.5

CO [ppb]

Alti

tud

e [k

m]

1780 1820 1860

0.5

1.5

2.5

CH4 [ppb]

Alti

tud

e [k

m]

480 520 560

0.5

1.5

2.5

H2 [ppb]

Alti

tud

e [k

m]

320 322 324

0.5

1.5

2.5

N2O [ppb]

Alti

tud

e [k

m]

5.8 6.0 6.2 6.4

0.5

1.5

2.5

SF6 [ppt]

Alti

tud

e [k

m]

-9.0 -8.6 -8.2 -7.8

0.5

1.5

2.5

del13CO2 [permille VPDB]

Alti

tud

e [k

m]

0.0 1.0 2.0

0.5

1.5

2.5

del18O in CO2 [permille VPDB]

Alti

tud

e [k

m]

174 Flask results (Piper Aztec)

100 140 180

37

03

85

CO [ppb]

CO

2 [p

pm

]

100 140 180

17

80

18

40

CO [ppb]

CH

4 [p

pb

]

100 140 180

48

05

20

56

0

CO [ppb]

H2

[pp

b]

1780 1820 1860

48

05

20

56

0

CH4 [ppb]

H2

[pp

b]

100 140 180

32

03

22

32

4

CO [ppb]

N2

O [p

pb

]

1780 1820 1860

32

03

22

32

4

CH4 [ppb]

N2

O [p

pb

]

100 140 180

5.8

6.2

CO [ppb]

SF

6 [p

pt]

0.00255 0.00265

-9.0

-8.4

-7.8

1/CO2 [1/ppm]

de

l13

CO

2 [p

erm

ille

VP

DB

]

370 380 390

0.0

1.0

2.0

CO2 [ppm]de

l18

O in

CO

2 [p

erm

ille

VP

DB

]

112 Flask results (Eco Dimona)

80 120 160

0.0

1.5

3.0

CO [ppb]

alti

tud

e [k

m]

370 380 390

0.0

1.5

3.0

CO2 [ppm]

alti

tud

e [k

m]

1780 1820 1860

0.0

1.5

3.0

CH4 [ppb]

alti

tud

e [k

m]

500 520 540

0.0

1.5

3.0

H2 [ppb]

alti

tud

e [k

m]

320 322

0.0

1.5

3.0

N2O [ppb]

alti

tud

e [k

m]

5.8 6.2 6.6

0.0

1.5

3.0

SF6 [ppt]

alti

tud

e [k

m]

112 Flask results (Eco Dimona)

80 120 160

37

03

80

39

0

CO [ppb]

CO

2 [p

pm

]

80 120 160

17

80

18

40

CO [ppb]

CH

4 [p

pb

]

80 120 160

50

05

20

54

0

CO [ppb]

H2

[pp

b]

1780 1820 1860

50

05

20

54

0

CH4 [ppb]

H2

[pp

b]

80 120 160

32

03

22

CO [ppb]

N2

O [p

pb

]

1780 1820 1860

32

03

22

CH4 [ppb]

N2

O [p

pb

]

80 120 160

5.8

6.2

6.6

CO [ppb]

SF

6 [p

pt]

FTIR data CE Regional Experiment 2005

(Thorsten Warneke, U. Bremen)08 May 200512 May 200514 May 200515 May 200516 May 200517 May 200518 May 200519 May 200520 May 200523 May 200524 May 200525 May 200526 May 200527 May 200530 May 200531 May 2005

01 June 2005 02 June 2005 05 June 2005 06 June 2005 08 June 2005 09 June 2005 10 June 2005 11 June 2005 12 June 2005* 14 June 2005* 17 June 2005* 18 June 2005* 22 June 2005* 26 June 2005 * Five clearest days

FTIR data CE Regional Experiment 2005

(Thorsten Warneke, U. Bremen)

\\Ftirserver\Ftir4\spectr14\02052200.0 Spitzbergen cm-1 5800.0 11000.0 cm-1 22/05/2002

60006500700075008000

Wavenumber cm-1

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Sin

gle

chan

nel

CO2

6175 – 6265 cm-1

6300 – 6380 cm-1

O2

7765 – 8050 cm-1

Wavenumber (cm-1)

Tra

nsm

issi

on

Fig. 1: Spectral region used for the CO2-retrieval

FTIR data 26 May 2005(IOP2, 1st part of Lagrangian)

• ROAM (Receptor Oriented Atmospheric Model) adaptation to LesLandes: – boundary data: coupling to TM3 global model, or based on Climatology (like

in US), or nested inversion (later)– Fossil fuel emission inventory data: IER Stuttgart– Open >> COLABORATION << with respect to Biosphere modeling

• Possible: improving biosphere from simple light and temperature sensitivity towards Modis EVI approach (VPM from Xiangming Xiao, UNH)

Future plans

500 1500 2500 3500

500

1500

3000

radar zi [m]

stilt

zi [

m]

Orange

slope: 0.79

rsq: 0.09

500 1500 2500

500

1500

2500

radar zi [m]

stilt

zi [

m]

Pinnacle

slope: 0.97

rsq: 0.06

500 1500 2500

500

1500

2500

radar zi [m]

stilt

zi [

m]

Plymouth

slope: 0.99

rsq: 0.19

500 1500 2500

500

1500

2500

radar zi [m]

stilt

zi [

m]Schenectady

slope: 0.94

rsq: 0.38

500 1000 1500 2000

500

1500

radar zi [m]

stilt

zi [

m]

Appledore_Island

slope: 0.22

rsq: 0.13

500 1000 1500 2000

500

1500

radar zi [m]

stilt

zi [

m]

Concord

slope: 0.98

rsq: 0.03

500 1500 2500

500

1500

2500

radar zi [m]

stilt

zi [

m]

Pease_Tradeport

slope: 0.81

rsq: 0.08

local time [hr]

6 8 10 12 14 16

colorscale

Comparison RADAR - STILT

RADAR data: NOAA ETL

(Courtesy of J. M. Wilczak)

mixed layerheights

Radar vs.

STILT

STILT zi

Radar

z i

STILT zi

Radar

z i

STILT zi

Radar

z i

STILT zi

Radar

z i

STILT zi

Radar

z i

STILT zi

Radar

z i

STILT zi

Radar

z i

Local time

Radar data:NOAA ETL

(Courtesy of J. M. Wilczak)

STILT:EDAS meteorology

VPRM (Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model, Devan Pathmathevan, Harvard University)

-based on VPM from Xiangming Xiao, UNH

Diagnostic Biosphere

VPRM results for US 2003

Diagnostic Biosphere

• Potential from Hyperspectral data (Collaboration with Uwe Rascher, Research Center Jülich)– deriving vegetation cover and light use efficiency (LUE) from hyperspectral

reflectance data (absorbance properties)– improving the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) to predict LUE across

different plant ecosystems– quantifying the spatio-temporal variability of the landscape by extrapolation

from flight track to region– reducing uncertainties by including physiological changes in LUE into carbon

and water modelling– quantifying stress (environmental) induced limitations of photosynthetic

carbon/water exchange– identifying different photosynthetic capacities of the different plant

ecosystems

Future plans

Hyperspectral scanner

• Related activity: Modeling of the near-field transport around tall-tower sites with WRF (weather research forecasting) model – Using WRF for modeling the near-field transport for trace gas data

interpretation and inverse modeling studies at the tall towers operated by Jena. – Evaluation phase: WRF is currently being set up for runs within the CE regional

experiment area– Future coupling to STILT, or using adjoint– Developer: Ravan Ahmadov (recently hired Postdoc at MPI-BGC)

Future plans

• STILT runs driven by ECMWF, ALADIN, Meso-NH for all Piper and Dimona flight tracks

• ROAM (Receptor Oriented Atmospheric Model) adaptation to LesLandes

• Potential from Hyperspectral data (Collaboration with Uwe Rascher, Research Center Jülich)

• Related activity: WRF modeling of the near-field transport around tall-tower sites

Summary

Future plans

• Flights can be executed in a flexible fashion in Europe, comparable to the US.

• Lagrangian flight patterns could be flown under different conditions, with a strong potential to constrain regional scale fluxes

• CLB tracking seems a valuable approach for Lagrangian flights• Strong gradients where found, especially in the vicinity of the

coast.

Main findings (so far)

FTIR data 24 May 2005



FTIR data 6 June 2005



• IOP4:– 6th June: Lagrangian from North of Arcachon to La

Cap Sud, with help from constant level balloon released at La Cap Sud in the afternoon

– 7th June: Chasing the Bordeax plume towards the Biscarosse Tower, evidence of a sea breeze.

• IOP5:– 14th June: Lagrangian in a nearly ideal westerly

flow situation.– 15th June: Attempted Lagrangian under flow with

strong layering and windshear. This will be a critical test and a challenge for models. Radiation was reduced due to clouds (changed rtio direct/diffuse light).

– 17th June: transit + science flight Bremgarten – Saucats

Eco Dimona flights

• Flights can be executed in a flexible fashion in Europe, comparable to the US. – Previous fears that only flight plans filed a year in advance can be

flown, could not been confirmed. Communication with ATC and Military operations was excellent and professional.

• Lagrangian flight patterns could be flown under different conditions, with a strong potential to constrain regional scale fluxes– (May 26a: upstream, b=downstream; May 27a: following morning CLB;

May 27 b: following afternoon CLB; June 6: north-west wind; June 7: Bordeaux plume; June 14: westerly; June 15: south-west, complicated)

• CLB tracking seems a valuable approach for Lagrangian flights– It is crucial that the balloon stays within the mixed layer rather than

above (achieved on the attempt in the afternoon of May 27)– More simultaneous would be better

• Strong gradients where found, especially in the vicinity of the coast.– associated with sea breeze circulation– tracer data valuable in assessing the capability of the models to

capture transport effects associated with such mesoscale circulations.

Main findings (so far)

Documents

MPI-BGC contribution to the CE Regional Experiment: First Results and Outlook Christoph Gerbig Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry Acknowledgements: