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THE CONSERVATIVE
TIDEMr. Bermudez Mrs. Kypers
CHAPTER 33 OBJECTIVE Students will be able to understand the political and
social events of the 1980’s and early 1990’s
Core Curriculum Content Standards The government pursued conservative
economic and social policies during Reagan’s Presidency
The Soviet Union’s collapse ended the Cold War and brought major changed
to the U.S foreign policy
Events in the Middle East continued to trouble the U.S
INTERACT WITH HISTORY It is the autumn of 1980. You are a campaign manager
for Republican presidential candidate, Ronald Reagan, former film star and past governor of California. Reagan must defeat President Jimmy Carter, who has lost support. Carter has failed to bring home the hostages in Iran and to revive the economy. Reagan, an optimist, pledges to do both. He also plans to cut taxes and cut back on government programs.
What campaign slogan will you create?
What qualities in your candidate will win support?
What issues are important?
How can you present Reagan as a winner?
A CONSERVATIVE MOVEMENT EMERGES
Why did conservative values re-emerge in the 1980’s?
How did Reagan come into political power?
“Government is not the solution to our problem. Government is the problem.” –Reagan Political Slogan
What does this mean? Do YOU agree?
CONSERVATIVE MOVEMENT BUILDS What are Entitlement Programs? $300
billion annually
Issues with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. How might this be an issue?
Very skeptical
THE NEW RIGHT Focus on controversial social issues
AbortionEqual Rights Amendment Court-ordered bussing
Return to school prayerOutlawed in 1962 by Supreme Court
Do you agree or disagree?
NEW RIGHT’S CRITICISMS
Affirmative Action: What is this?
Reverse Discrimination: How might this be?
CONSERVATIVE COALITION
Business leaders, middle-class voters, disaffected Democrats, and fundamentalist Christian groups
Belief that conservative policies and principles appealed to the majority of voters.
Goal: Shrink size of Gov Family values/patriotism Reduce government intervention in economy Cut taxes Strengthen national defense
MORAL MAJORITY Evangelical and Fundamentalists who
interpreted the Bible literally and believed in absolute standards of right and wrongCondemned liberal attitudes and behaviorsDemanded restoration of traditional moral valuesReduce divorce rateReduce # of unmarried couples Increase individual responsibility
People watching Televangelists- Jerry Falwell and Pat Robertson
CONSERVATIVES WIN POLITICAL POWER
Jimmy Carter and Walter Mondale receive Democratic nominationEven though low ratings
Ronald Reagan and George Bush receive Republican nomination
REAGAN’S QUALIFICATIONS
Originally a New Deal Democrat
Became more conservative
Claimed he did not leave the Democratic Party but rather the party had left him
Spokesman for General Electric
Campaigned for Barry Goldwater-1964
Became Governor of California in 1966
1980’S PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
Key issues on Supreme Court decisions Abortion, pornography, teaching of evolution, and
prayer in schools Reagan becomes likely candidate for
conservatives
Prolonged Iranian Hostage Crisis
Weak economy and high inflation
CHARM OF REAGAN Very charismatic-ACTING CAREER
Can simplify issues and present clear-cut answersGreat Communicator
Commitment to economic and military strength
“A recession is when your neighbor loses his job, a depression is when you lose yours. And recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his.”
CRASH COURSE http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=2h4DkpFP_aw
SECTION 33-2CONSERVATIVE POLICIES UNDER REAGAN AND BUSH Reagan pushes for reduction in income tax
and MAJOR REDUCTION IN GOVERNMENT SPENDING
Three Parts of “Reaganomics” Budget CutsTax Cuts Increased defense spending
“REAGANOMICS” TAKES OVER
Decrease influence of federal government = encouragement of private investment
Cuts in spending for social programs NOT ONES FOR MIDDLE CLASS- social security,
Medicare, veterans pensionsCongress slashed 10 % for other groups
Urban mass transit, food stamps, welfare benefits, job training, Medicaid, school lunches, and student loans
TAX CUTS Supply-Side Economics: George Gilder Arthur
Laffer People pay less in taxes, they will save more
money.Banks can loan this saved money to businesses
which would invest money in resources to improve productivity
Supply of goods would then increaseDriving down prices
Reagan pushed congress to cut taxes by 25 % over a 3 year period
“Trickle-Down” Theory
INCREASED DEFENSE SPENDING
Between 1981-1984 Defense Department’s budget DOUBLED
Reagan pushes scientist to develop a defense system to keep Americans safe
Strategic Defense Initiative: Known as Star WarsCould blow up enemy missiles before reaching
USADefense Department estimated it to cost trillions
RECESSION AND RECOVERY
July 1981- November 1982- worst recession since Great Depression
1983 economy reboundsConsumers go on spending spree thanks to tax
cuts, lower interest rates, and lower inflationStock Market surged, unemployment declined,
GNP went up 10%
NATIONAL DEBT CLIMBS Tax cuts had helped the rich
Poor hurt because of loss of social programs
Massive military spending caused deficit to outstrip the federal reserve
THE INFLATION STAGECOACH
JUDICIAL POWER SHIFTS TO THE RIGHT Reagan appoints more conservative faces to
Supreme CourtSandra Day O’Connor Antonin Scalia, and Anthony
M. KennedyO’Connor is the first woman appointed to court
DEREGULATING THE ECONOMY
Deregulation: what does this mean? Is this good? Price controls for oil Health and safety inspections for nursing homes Airline industry Saving and loans industry
Cut the budget of the Environmental Protection Agency
Sold public land to private developers
Opened drilling on continental shelf for oil and gas drilling
CONSERVATIVE VICTORIES IN 1984 AND 1988
By 1984 large coalition of supportersBusinesspeople: wanted deregulation of economySoutherners: welcomed limits of the federal powerWesterners: resented federal controls on mining
and grazing Reagan Democrats: agreed on limiting the federal
government and thought the Democratic Party had drifted too far left
1984 ELECTION Ronald Reagan and George Bush: Republican
nomination
Walter Mondale and Geraldine Ferraro: Democratic nomination Ferraro is the first female candidate on a major
party ticket
Economy was strong
Reagan wins
ELECTION OF 1988 Many Americans economically comfortable-
credit Reagan and Bush for this
Bush runs for officeMany continue to support him “read my lips: no new taxes”
Opponent is Michael Dukakis
Bush wins. Lowest turnout due to attack ads.
33-3 SOCIAL CONCERNS IN THE 1980’S
Major concerns includeHealth EducationSafety
Americans direct attention toAIDSDrug AbuseAbortionEducation
HEALTH ISSUES Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS)1960’s spread throughout worldVirus which destroys immune system Weakens the body People become prone to infections and rare
cancers Transmitted through bodily fluids
Early victims: homosexual men, intravenous drug users, some infected by contaminated blood transfusions
Awareness heightens, prevention and cure become important
ABORTION Roe V. Wade: 1973 1st trimester legal abortion
Pro-life movement: life begins at conceptionWhat do you think?
Webster v. Reproductive Health Care Services: states have the right to impose new restrictions on abortion. As a result abortions restrictions varied from state
to state
DRUG ABUSE Some argue that drugs should be legalized
Weaken the power of gangs who made a living off of selling drugs
Reagan administration launches war on drugsNancy Reagan: “Just say no!” Campaign
EDUCATION
A Nation at Risk: report that American students lagged behind other students in industrialized nations Indicated that 23 million Americans could not
follow a manual instruction or fill out an application
Commission organized- suggests more HW, longer school days, extended school year Increased pay and merit raises for teachers Greater emphasis on English, Math, Science,
Social Studies, and Computer Science
THE URBAN CRISIS More people leaving cities for suburbs in the
1970’sBusinesses follow: taking jobs and tax revenues
High unemployment rates, crumbling infrastructure, deteriorating schools, and social tensions were common in citiesRodney King beaten by 4 white police officersVerdict not guilty 1992 race riots in South-Central Los Angeles
THE EQUAL RIGHTS STRUGGLE
Women have political losses and gainsFailure of the Equal Rights Amendment only
getting 35 out of 38 states to ratifyMore female candidates like Geraldine Ferraro House of Representatives had an increase of
females from 23 to 47 Senators 2 to 6 Appointments to cabinetWomen still under-represented
INEQUALITY “feminization of poverty”
57.8% of women working by 1992Women only made 75 cents to every dollar a man
madeFemale college graduates only made slightly more
than that of high school male graduates Many women live in poverty
Pay Equity: jobs would be rated on the amount of education needed, the amount of physical strength needed to perform a task. Pay rates would reflect the job’s requirements
THE FIGHT FOR RIGHTS CONTINUES African Americans: serve as mayors, sheriffs,
school boards, state legislators, and members of congress
L. Douglas Wilder: 1st African American governor- VA
Jesse Jackson runs for Democratic presidential nomination in 1984 and 1988
Affirmative action under fire
GAINS FOR LATINOS
Like African Americans, Latinos gain more positions of power in the 1980’sLauro Cavazos- Secretary of Education Dr. Antonia Coello Novello- Surgeon General Bilingual EducationVoting Rights Act
NATIVE AMERICANS SPEAK OUT
Reagan slashes government funding of health, education, and other services
Need for new revenuesCertain Native American tribes open up Casinos
ASIAN-AMERICANS 1982 8.3 million Asian Americans
Low crime rates, low school dropout rates and low divorce rates
Unemployment was higher than the national average
GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
1970’s and 1980’s gay men and lesbians fight for civil rights
Set backs: Conservative opposition and AIDS
Late 1980’s early 1990’s activist demand an end to anti-gay discrimination
Success in 1993 7 states and 110 communities outlawed such discrimination
33-4FOREIGN POLICY AFTER THE COLD WAR
Changes in the Communist world
America influences Central and Caribbean affairs
Iran Contra Scandal
Persian-Gulf War
REFORMS IN THE USSR Mikhail Gorbachev: 1985
Glastnost: Openness – criticism – freedom – press Perestroika: Restructuring – economic – political
Need to improve relations with the USA INF Treaty: 1987 eliminated two classes of
weapons systems in Europe. Allow for each nation to check each other
COLLAPSE OF COMMUNIST REGIMES
Eastern Europe begins to split up
1989 East Germans tear down the Berlin Wall http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MDFX-dNtsM
October 3rd 1990 Reunification of Germany
Czechoslovakia, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Yugoslavia
SOVIET UNION DECLINE/COLLAPSE Democracy leads to nationalism
December 1991 14 nations declare independence from USSR
74 years of the Soviet Union total collapse
COMMUNISM CONTINUES IN CHINA
Early 1980’s China underwent economic reforms
Eliminated price controls
Students demand freedom of speech
Tiananmen Square: student demonstration, Statue of liberty Ordering of military intervention
CENTRAL AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN POLICY U.S supports pro-American governments only
Nicaragua: U.S presence since 1911 Instilled Dictator Anastsio Somoza 1933 Revolution 1977-1979
Somoza’s National Guard Sandinistas Somoza government is toppled Carter Recognizes new regime
1981 Reagan believes this is a Soviet outpost Throws support behind Contras: because they are against
Sandinistas CIA stationed: without congressional approval
Boland Amendment: banning all military aid to Contras for 2 years
CENTRAL AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN POLICY
Grenada Believed to support Communist CubaU.S sends direct military force to accomplish aims
Panama President Bush sends 20,000 soldiers to Panama General Miguel Antonio Noriega involved in drug
scandal Flown to Miami to face trials Yankee Imperialism Beneficial
MIDDLE EAST TROUBLE SPOTS
U.S not very successful here
Iran-Contra Scandal: U.S sold illegal arms to Iran sent profits to financially back the contras in Nicaragua Violated the Boland Amendment
Persian Gulf War: Iraq invades Kuwait and loots it, heads for Saudi Arabia, possibility of Iraq controlling 50% of world’s known oil reserves Operation Desert Storm: liberate Kuwait,
massive air strike on Iraq