Upload
victor-strickland
View
34
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
MR. LIPMAN’S US 1 POWERPOINT. CHAPTER TWO THE COLONIZATION OF THE AMERICAS. The Conquest of Mexico. 1519 – Hern án Cortés sailed from Cuba to Mexico to conquer Aztecs 1521 Cortes conquers the Aztecs and Montezuma 1580 Pope’s Rebellion against the Spanish - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
MR. LIPMAN’S US 1 POWERPOINT
CHAPTER TWOTHE COLONIZATION OF THE
AMERICAS
The Conquest of Mexico
• 1519 – Hernán Cortés sailed from Cuba to Mexico to conquer Aztecs
• 1521 Cortes conquers the Aztecs and Montezuma
• 1580 Pope’s Rebellion against the Spanish
• By 1600 most Indians had died from disease
Explorations of Hernán Cortés
• Roanoke –1585 – island settled off coast of
Virginia by Sir Walter Raleigh –Roanoke colonists disappeared; still a
mystery as to what happened to them
JAMESTOWN FOUNDED 1607 AS FIRST SUCCESSFUL ENGLISH COLONY
Map of Jamestown
The Pilgrims Search Ends at Plymouth
• In 1620, a group of 102 people, set sail on the Mayflower for America from Holland where they had fled 12 years before from England
– They negotiated with the Virginia Company to settle in its jurisdiction but got lost and ended up at Plymouth in what would become Massachusetts
• The Mayflower Compact was written and signed before the Pilgrims disembarked from the Mayflower
–Not a constitution, but an agreement to form a crude government and submit to majority rule
PURITANS vs. SEPARATISTS• Non-Separatists Puritans– Less radical than Separatists; sought to
reform Church of England from within
• Massachusetts’ religious mission•“We shall be as a city upon a hill” – John
Winthrop
•Colonists shared a sense of purpose to build a holy society to serve as an example to the rest of the world
• Anne Hutchinson Intelligent, strong-willed, well-spoken woman • Truly saved didn’t need to obey the law of
either God or man
ROGER WILLIAMSPuritans in Massachusetts Bay wanted to
exile him to England to prevent him from founding a competing colony
Instead he founded the colony of Rhode Island
• 1637 – the Pequot War– Hostility broke out between Pequot and whites – Whites (with Narragansett Indian allies) attacked
Pequot village on Mystic River, setting fire to homes and shooting fleeing survivors
– Pequot tribe was virtually annihilated; uneasy peace lasted 40 years
• 1675 – 1676 – King Philip’s War– Metacom (known as King Philip to whites)– Colonists put his head on a stake for 20 years
THE DUTCH AND THE COLONIES
• The 1600s were a golden age of Dutch history –Country was a major commercial and naval
power, challenging England on sea
• Explorations of Henry Hudson – Sailed to Delaware Bay, New York Bay, and
then down the Hudson River Looking for the “Northwest Passage” across Americas to Asia by sea
• New Netherland –Was founded in 1623 – 1624 in the Hudson
River Area– The colony had little ammunition and poor
defenses; Peter Stuyvesant was the first Governor and was forced to surrender without firing a shot when England decided to attack. –New Amsterdam was renamed New York by
the English (for the Duke of York)
• William Penn, a noble Englishman who was attracted to the Quaker faith–Wanted to help fellow Quakers escape
persecution –Believed in liberal ideas of government–Was friendly to Indians
• Penn received the huge grant of fertile land to settle a debt the king owed Penn’s father – The king named area Pennsylvania (“Penn’s
Woodland”) –Philadelphia (“brother love” in Greek) was
established as the capitol
• Middle colonies – New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania
• Spanish Armada –Catholic Spanish King Philip II
assembled “Invincible Armada” of ships to invade England
• In 1588, the Spanish sailed for England – English ships attacked using better
ships (smaller but faster, with better crew) inflicted damages on Spanish – Then huge storm (the “Protestant
wind”) finished off the Spanish
Colony of Maryland founded 1634 as a religious
haven-later Act of
Toleration passed
• Indentured servants were white English farmers displaced by the enclosure movement – They voluntarily mortgaged their work in the
Chesapeake for several years to get a transatlantic passage
• The headright system encouraged indentured servants to come provided that for every indentured servant
who was brought over the master, or payer, would receive 50 acres of land.
Bacon’s Rebellion• In 1676 1,000 Virginians, most former
indentured servants who had moved west to the Piedmont area for available land, rebelled – They resented Governor Berkeley’s
corrupt relations with the Indians and how he monopolized the fur trade with the Indians in the Chesapeake and would not allow expansion by settlers
Bacon’s Rebellion–Rebels attacked the Indians, whether they
were friendly or not to whites –Governor Berkeley was driven from
Jamestown and rebels burned the city –During rebellion, Bacon died of disease –Gov. Berkeley crushed the rebellion and 20
rebels were then hung as punishment for their actions.
Nathaniel Bacon
• Georgia Founded in 1733 – Last of 13 colonies– Named in honor of King George II– Founded by James Oglethorpe
• Purposes of Georgia– Chiefly was to serve as a buffer between
the valuable Carolinas and Spanish Florida and French Louisiana
– Served as a haven for debtors thrown into prison
Early Carolina and Georgia Settlements