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Sagittal three-dimensional (3D) spoiled GRE image of the knee obtained with fat

suppression.

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Normal articular cartilage at the patella (arrows), and adjacent joint fluid

(arrowhead) in a proton density weighted fast spin-echo axial image with fat-suppression.

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Segmentation

Top: Original baseline segmentation. Bottom: Tracked segmentation with contoursfrom baseline image mapped to follow-up image dataset.

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Detection of subchondral bone plate-cartilage interface changes in a one year observationalstudy. The baseline scan is registered to the follow-up visit, and a difference map is

generated displaying the location and magnitude of surface differences relative to a color

scale: the yellow-red regions indicates subchondral bone changes towards the cartilage,black indicates no change, and, light to dark blue represents changes towards the bone

marrow.

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Cartilage

Full-thickness cartilage defect ( ICRS Grade 3) at the posterior weight-bearing

surface of the lateral femoral condyle.

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Full-thickness cartilage defect (ICRS Grade 3) at the posterior weight-bearing surface

of the lateral femoral condyle.

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Cartilage defect. Sagittal 3D spoiled GRE image show a partial-thickness cartilagedefect in the medial femoral condyle (solid arrow). Note that fluid (dashed arrow) is

dark on the 3D spoiled GRE image.

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Sagittal T2-weighted fast SE: provides an outline of the defect on the T2-weighted fastSE image.

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FS 3D gradient-echo MRI is helpful for differentiating between grade 3and grade 4 cartilage defects.

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Marrow Abnormalities

Grade 1 BML lateral patellar facet and lateral trochlea.

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Grade 1 BML lateral tibial plateau.

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Grade 2 BML

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Axial PD image showing Bone marrow edema.

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Grade 3 BML

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Osteophytes

Sagittal 3D spoiled GRE image showing the osteophyte (arrow).

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Grade 1 anterior femoral trochlea osteophyte.

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Grade 1 medial tibial osteophyte.

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Grade 3 lateral femoral condyle osteophyte.

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Grade 3 patellar osteophyte.

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Subchondral Cyst

Grade 3 subchondral cyst.

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Grade 3 BML medial femoral condyle Grade 3 subchondral cysts

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MRI of bone edema and cyst formation

The three columns represent baseline, 6-month and 12-month follow-up images of a

knee.

The top row shows the gradual development of a subarticular cyst beneath abnormal

articular cartilage over the posterior surface of the lateral femoral condyle.

The middle row shows the development of the bone cyst during primarily the second 6-

month interval, and a focal defect in the overlying cartilage.

The bottom row shows extensive focal marrow edema at 6 months predicting the cyst

formation evident at 12 months.

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Menisci

Medial meniscal tear.

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Torn ACL

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Grade 2 Synovitis

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Grade 3 Synovitis