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Periodic Table Study Guide
Determining Shells and Valence Electrons
Mrs. Embry
www.middleschoolscience.com 2008
All images are from www.Chem4kids.com
Periods • Each row is called a “period”
1st Period = 1 Shell
2nd Period = 2 Shells
3rd Period = 3 Shells
4th Period = 4 Shells
• The elements in each period have the same number of shells
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Groups
• Each column is called a “group”
• Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”.
Group 1 = 1 electron
Group 2 = 2 electrons
Group 8 = 8 electrons
Except for He, it has 2 electrons
• The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons”www.chem4kids.com
3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Transition Metals• Transition
Metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons.
• This is something you will learn about in High School Chemistry.
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Determine the number of shells and the number of
valence electrons for:
Carbon - C2nd Period = 2 shells
4th Group = 4 valence electrons
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Determine the number of shells and the number of
valence electrons for:
Sodium - Na3rd Period = 3 shells
1st Group = 1 valence electron
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Write your answers on your handout.
NeName the element. Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
Write your answers on your handout.
Ne
8th Group = 8 valence electrons
2nd Period = 2 shells
NeonName the element. Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
Write your answers on your handout.
HName the element. Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
Write your answers on your handout.
H
1st Group = 1 valence electron
1st Period = 1 shell
HydrogenName the element. Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
Write your answers on your handout.
BeName the element. Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
Write your answers on your handout.
Be
2nd Group = 2 valence electrons
2nd Period = 2 shells
BerylliumName the element. Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
Write your answers on your handout.
SName the element. Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
Write your answers on your handout.
S
6th Group = 6 valence electrons
3rd Period = 3 shells
SulfurName the element. Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
Write your answers on your handout.
KName the element. Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
Write your answers on your handout.
K
1st Group = 1 valence electron
4th Period = 4 shells
PotassiumName the element. Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
Write your answers on your handout.
HeName the element. Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
Write your answers on your handout.
He
8th Group = 2 valence electrons
1st Period = 1 shell
HeliumName the element. Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
• Helium is the exception in Group 8.
• Since it has just one shell, that shell can only fit 2 electrons instead of 8.
• It is in this group because all the elements have a full outer shell.
Be sure to have all your answers
on the worksheet.
End of Study Guide
