Ms. Dockray

Reproduction Background information

Grade 12 Health

Your Body’s Reproductive System

Part 1: The Male Reproductive System

Part 2: The Female Reproductive System

The Reproductive System

Introduction

Part 1: The Male Reproductive System

The in and out; the good, the bad and the ugly of the male reproductive system

Male Reproduction:Internal Organs

Epididymis, Vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, Cowper’s gland, and urethra

Quick Facts!Semen- The

combination of sperm, seminal fluid, and other male reproductive secretions

Circumcision- Surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis

Epididymis- Temporary storage unit for sperm located on outer surface of testes

Vas deferens- pair of tubes which lead to seminal vesicles and prostate gland

Quick Facts Cont.

Testicles- Two small glands that produce sperm

Scrotum- Contains testes and protects sperm by temp regulation

Penis- Tube-shaped organ attached to body above testes

External Organs

Testes and Penis

- 100 million sperm are produced each day!

- 300-400 million sperm in each ejaculation, but only one can fertilize an ovum!

Main Functions of the Male Reproductive System!1. Produce sperm!

2. Transfer sperm to female’s body during sexual intercourse!

Functions of the Male Reproductive System!

Hormones from pituitary gland cause testes to produce testosterone.Physical changes…Sperm production

Where sperm travel to from the testes:

Sperm –> epididymis to mature –> vas deferens –> ejaculatory duct –> urethra –> out of body

CareClean your areaAlways use

protectionAvoid wearing

overly tight clothingWear a cup Self-exam

ShowerClean the penis and

scrotum wellWash under foreskin

if neededCheck for lumps

4 Easy Steps to Performing a Testicular Exam

Once a month you should examine your testicles by:

Step 1:Check for any swelling

4 Easy Steps to Performing a Testicular Exam Cont.

Step 2:Place the index and middle fingers ofboth hands under the testicle with thethumbs placed on top. Roll the testicle gentlybetween the thumbs and fingers—you

shouldn’t feel any pain when doing the exam.

4 Easy Steps to Performing a Self Testicular Exam Cont.

Step 3: Find the epididymis, the soft, tube-like structure behind the testicle. Cancerous lumps usually are found on the sides of the testicle, but can also show up on the front.

4 Easy Steps to Performing a Testicular Exam Cont.

Step 4:If you feel a lump, see your doctor right

away.

Problems

Hernia SterilityEnlarged

Prostate Gland

Cancer of the Prostate Gland

Cancer of the Testes

Impotence

Problems Cont.Hernia- The protrusion of an organ or

structure into surrounding tissues. Example: Inguinal hernia occurs when

part of the intestine protrudes through a weak point in the groin

Most occur in the abdomen

Problems Cont.

Sterility- A condition in which a person can’t reproduce.

Caused by:Environmental hazards, exposure to X-rays,

radiation, temperature change, exposure to certain chemicals found it cigarettes, mumps, STD’s, or malfunction of an organ

Problems Cont.Prostate Cancer

The second highest cancer in malesEarly detection is KEY!

Problems Cont.

Testicular Cancer Is usually a slight enlargement of the testicleHard lumpsCan be cured if caught early

Problems Cont.

Enlarged Prostate Gland-Squeezes the

urethraFrequent or

difficult urinationCaused by

Infection, tumor, or old age

Impotence- Inability to

maintain an erection in order to have intercourse

Part 2: The Female Reproductive SystemHow, what, and why the female body does

what it does!

Reproductive OrgansFallopian tube, ovary, clitoris, ovum, uterus, endometrium, cervix, vagina, urethra labia minora and majora

Tracking The Female Egg

P ro d uce s b a b y!

A tta ch e s to u te rin e w a ll

Z yg o te in u te rus

If sp re m p rese n t

O u t V ag inaA K A M e n stra tion

C e rv ix

If spe rm n o t p rese n t

F a llop ia n T u be

O va

O va ries

CareCleanliness is

KEY!Especially during

menstruation

Breast Self-Exam

Pap Test

Sanitary napkins, tampons

Note: “Deodorant sprays and douches should not be necessary and may cause irritation!”

The 4 Steps to Breast Self Exam (BSE)

Step 1: Look at breast in mirror with arms on hips and bow slightly forward.

Look for: Usual size, shape, color, any discharge, puckering, dimpling, or scaling

Step 2: Raise arms and look for same changes.

The 4 Steps to Breast Self Exam (BSE) Cont.

Step 3: Raise one arm and thoroughly explore breast with other arm by:Use 3-4 fingers, press and make circles starting

with outer side of breast and gradually move toward nipple. Do whole breast!

Squeeze nipple to see any dischargeStep 4: Same as step 3 but lay on back.

ProblemsMenstruation

ProblemsInfertility Other Problems

Menstrual Cramps

Blocked Fallopian Tube

Ovarian Cysts

Premenstrual Syndrome

(PMS)

Endometriosis Breast and Cervical Cancer

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

STDs and Infections

Menstrual Problems

Menstrual Cramps- Abdominal cramps last a few hours.Exercise and heating

pads are goodPrescribed med’s

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)- Aching muscles, bloodshot eyes, sore throat, high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, fainting, and rash caused by bacteria

Menstrual Problems Cont.

PMS- Nervous tension, anxiety, irritability, bloating, weight gain, depression, fatigue, and mood swings

Infertility ProblemsBlocked

Fallopian Tube- Leading cause of infertilityCauses: PID or

abdominal surgery

Endometriosis- 2nd leading cause of infertilityUterine tissue

grows outside the uterus, appearing on ovaries, fallopian tubes, and abdominal cavity

Infertility Problems Cont.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)- Infection of the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and surrounding areas.

Causes: Damage to reproductive organs and STD’s

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Other ProblemsOvarian Cyst-

Fluid filled sac on the ovary; can lead to cancer

Breast Cancer- Lumps on breast should be checked out by a doctorDo self-exam

Other Problems Cont.

Cervical CancerSexual activity and family history play a rolePap test

Sexually Transmitted DiseasesGonorrheaChlamydiaSyphilisHPV (Human papilloma virus)HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus)HIV / AIDSTrichomoniasisCrabs

Herpes Simplex Virus

Syphilis

Pubic Lice or Crabs

Remember!!!Boys have a penis, Girls have a vagina!!!Once a month do a self examTake care of yourselfClean, Clean, CleanGet checked out if something seems different