Spring Biology Final Study Guide

1. The Earth’s atmosphere supplies ______ to plants for photosynthesis and photosynthesis adds ____ to the atmosphere.

2. What are some practices that can help conserve an area’s biodiversity?

3. Complete the table below about macromolecules:

Macromolecule Function and Examples

1.

2.

3.

4.

4. Explain what DNA replication is and what happens during the process of DNA replication?

5. What is the purpose of meiosis? What is the result of meiosis?

6. What is the function of enzymes in biological reactions?

7. List the steps of the scientific method in order.

8. Explain the process and result of cellular respiration.

9. Explain the process and result of photosynthesis.

10. Complete the table about the following organelles and their function:

Organelle Function

Mitochondria

Ribosome

Nucleus

Chloroplast

Cell/Plasma Membrane

11. Write out the levels of organization starting from atom all the way to biosphere.

12. Use the picture below to find the amino acid. A codon consists of the bases Cytosine, Uracil and Guanine. (CUG).

13. Use the chart from question #12 to answer this question: What mRNA sequence would be made from this strand of DNA: GCTCAT?

14. What causes the variety in offspring that is produced by sexual reproduction?

15. How much energy is passed to the next level in a food web?

16. How do mutations in DNA affect proteins?

17. A scientist plants two rows of corn for experimentation. She puts fertilizer on row 1, but does not put fertilizer on row 2. Both rows receive the same amount of water and light intensity. She checks the growth of the corn over the course of 5 months. What is constant in this experiment?

18. For many years orchid collectors searched Exotic Islands for the beautiful Kimmarie Orchid (a type of flower), which is found no place else in the world. After they found the orchid, they brought it back to their homes. In the last couple of years the Kimmarie Orchid has not been found on the island. As a result, hobbyists are now sending the Kimmarie Orchid to be replanted on the islands. The Kimmarie Orchid became extinct in the wild due to what?

19. Which step of the scientific method is this: “The scientist validates their findings by explaining their data. They restate their problem, include their data and validate their hypothesis. They also indicate what can be improved next time they complete this experiment again.”

20. What is genetic drift?

21. What are the 6 important chemical elements?

22. What is the main cause of genetic variation that occurs in all organisms?

23. List the stages of protein production in the correct order?

24. What does it mean when a membrane is “selectively permeable”?

25. Explain the processes of transcription and translation.

26. Which step of the scientific method is this: “Will Gatorade allow an athlete to run faster?”

27. Which step of the scientific method is this: “Test group that has nothing changed. It is what the experimental group is compared to.”

28. Which step of the scientific method is this: “What is being affected during this experiment. What you will measure during the experiment.” ?

29. What is biodiversity?

30. Calculate the change in population (dN/dt) for year 1 (babies born), if you have a starting population of 800 monkeys, 1000 births, and 600 deaths. Your carrying capacity is 1000. dN/dt=rN(K-N/K). Remember to calculate r first.

31. Which nitrogenous base sequence (lagging strand of DNA) will complement the anticodon shown: ACG?

32. Which sequence of bases do the question marks represent?Original Strand: A T G C C G T A G TReplicated Strand: T ? ? ? G C A T C A

33. In the process of meiosis, what is the probability of a gamete receiving any allele for a particular trait?

34. What stage of meiosis is this?

35. Rabbit fur color is an example of Codominance, with black fur (B), white fur (W) and a heterozygous form of black and white. The Punnett Square at the bottom shows a cross between 2 rabbits. Using the following chart answer the question below:

The phenotype of the offspring indicated by box “3” would be: (DOES represent Codominance)

a.

36. In rabbits, black fur (A) is dominant over white fur (a). The Punnett Square at the bottom shows a cross between 2 rabbits. Using the following chart answer the question below:

What is the probability of having a heterozygous offspring?

37. In the Punnett square, R and r represent?

43

21

W

B

BB

43

21

a

A

AA

38. A population’s emigration in one month totaled 5 individuals. During the same period, immigration was 21 individuals. Natality(birth) was 18, and mortality(death) was 34 due to a parasite infection. What was the net effect on the population size?

39. Random chromosome segregation explains the probability that a particular allele will be in what type of cell (hint: the answer is not animal or plant cell. It is a type of animal cell)?

40. Some birds are known as honey guides because they may be followed by humans to wild beehives. When the humans take honey from the hives, the birds are able to feast on the honey and bees, too. This type of relationship between the humans and the birds can best be described as what?

41. What does an ecological pyramid show?

42. What determines the relative rates of fluctuations in a population size?

43. In humans color blindness is an example of a sex-linked recessive trait. Colorblindness is caused by a recessive allele so use “B” for normal and “b” for colorblindness. In this

problem, a male with color blindness marries a female who is a carrier. What is the probability of having an offspring that is colorblind?

44. What are some biotic factors that limit the carrying capacity of any habitat?

45. What is a large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and types of communities is referred to as?

46. What is speciation? How does it occur?

47. What are biotic and abiotic factors? Give some examples of each.

48. When crossing a homozygous recessive with a heterozygote, what is the chance of getting an offspring with the homozygous recessive phenotype?

49. Explain the terms genotype and phenotype.

50. What is qualitative data? Give an example.

51. What is quantitative data? Give an example.

52. What are the parts of Darwin’s theory of natural selection?

53. What is ecology?

54. What is allopatric speciation?

55. What is sympatric speciation?

56. Name different adaptations that organisms have (hint: there are two).

57. What are density-dependent factors? Give an example.

58. What are density-independent factors? Give an example.

59. What is a biological community?

60. What is carrying capacity?

61. What are some ways populations are distributed?

62. What is primary succession?

63. What is secondary succession?

64. What are limiting factors? Name some examples.

65. What factors lead to evolution?

66. What are homologous structures?

67. What are vestigial structures?

68. What are analogous structures?

69. What type of mutation is shown below?Normal DNA: TAC GGC TCA CGT AGCMutated DNA: TAC GAC TCA CGT AGC

70. When does crossing over occur in meiosis?

71. How many chromosomes are present in human gametes?

72. How many chromosomes are in human somatic cells?

73. What type of population growth is shown in the graph?

74. What type of population growth is shown in the graph?

75. A researcher who wants to learn about the behavior of a particular gas examines the relationship between temperature and gas volume when the gas is held at a constant pressure. The graph below shows the data collected. Use the graph to

answer the question below.

Refer to the graph above. What would the data show if the temperature were decreased to 100 Kelvin?

76. Roberto and Tate dropped objects from a third-story window. They measured the time, in seconds, it took each object to reach the ground. The data they collected is shown in the graph below. Use the graph to answer question below.

Refer to the graph above. The time required for each object to reach the ground is the what?