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Demystifying
Parking
Shreya GadepalliRegional Director (South Asia) | ITDP
Pathway to World Peace!
World War–III is not far away!!!
And what will it be triggered by???
ROAD SPACE!!!
CREATING THE VISION OF OUR CITY
We cannot design our cities unless we
know the kind of city we want
PARKING BASICS
Traffic Jams are a result of
Excessive Parking Supply
There is unending demand
if parking is provided for free
PPARKING
SUPPLY ?????
More Parking
Demand
More Vehicle
Attracted
PARKING �
So, What Should Be Done?
BUS RAPID TRANSIT
=HIGH-QUALITY
HIGH-CAPACITY
HIGH-SPEED
CUSTOMER-ORIENTED
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
...not an old bus running in a bus-lane!
High quality public transport for everyone,
not just for those with lower incomes.
Car Parking Space
OR
Low Income House
What should the government provide?(They take the same space and cost the same)
WHAT WILL HAPPEN WHEN YOU ARE
OFFERED LAND FOR FREE???!!!
Parking has a cost
Rs 5000-15000 per month
per car parking
Rs 20-60 per hour!
Average parking space is 250 sq ft.
Average occupancy of 80% during working hours on working days.
All costs are from Chennai city
High Demand => High Use Fee
(Not More Supply!)
Where are we now in India?
Special footpaths so that we can practice to win the next
Olympic Gold Medal for Hurdles Race!
A sneak peek at cities worldwide
Reclaiming space for people
The New York Story
Broadway pilots – 3.4 km long 24-32 m wide
BROADWAY
Access is allowed but
through traffic is prohibited
And space is reclaimed at the
Pearls on a String for Broadway
Gehl Architects · Urban Quality Consultants · Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv · 1610 Copenhagen V · Denmark · www.gehlarchitects.dk
Times Square -before
Times Square - after
Columbus Circle -before
Columbus Circle -after
Times Square- before
35% decrease in pedestrian injuries
80% fewer pedestrians walking in roadway
74% say Times Square has improved dramatically
One of Ecobici’s 9,000 daily tripsCopenhagen: Bicycle Capital
One of Ecobici’s 9,000 daily trips
Slide 9
37% trips by bicycles
1% Environment
Copenhagen Bicycle
Account 2006
6% Cheap
19% Exercise
61% Convenient, Fast
and Easy
Why do Danes cycle?
One of Ecobici’s 9,000 daily trips
Paris: Reclaiming space for bicycles
Paris On-Street Space Reclamations
Over 100 km of new bicycle tracks created
Paris On-Street Space Reclamations
Large network of ped+cycle priority streets
Paris On-Street Space Reclamations
Building parks, not parking!
4,000 removed to accommodate 1,451 new VELIB stations.
(Public cycle sharing system with 20,000 bicycles)
Paris On-Street Space Reclamations
One of Ecobici’s 9,000 daily trips
Parking Supply
Parking Requirements
Chicago Bangkok
Parking Requirements
Transit Access and Parking Standards
Paris:
100% waiver on parking
requirement if a development is
500m from a metro station.
Strasbourg, Budapest:
50% discount if development
less than 500 meters from a
public transportation stop.
Zurich - Parking Requirements
LAND USE TYPE PARKING REQUIREMENT
Residential 1 per 120m2
Commercial
•First 500m2
•Subsequent 500m2
1 per 120m2
1 per 210m2
Retail
•First 2000 m2
•Subsequent 2000 m2
1 per 120m2
1 per 210m2
Restaurants, Cafes, Bars 1 per 40 m2
RED: Very good access to public transport
YELLOW: Good access to public transport
BORDER LINE: Emphasizes
the capacity gaps
Zurich – Transit access mapping
Area MIN (%) MAX (%)
A 10 10
B 25 45
C 40 70
D 60 95
Remaining
Areas70 115
Parking Requirements Based on
Access to Transit
“The walking distance to a parking place has to be at least
as long as the walking distance to the public transport stop”
– Hermann Knoflacher,
Prof, TU Vienna & Inventor of Walkmobile
Public Parking Management
Pricing Matters!
Grosvenor Square in LondonPhoto from TRL
On-Street Car Parking: 1st Hour Fee
*Currencies converted as of July 26, 2011
4.00 CHF
Price of
Parking
(CHF)
2.00 CHF +2.00
0.50 CHF +1.50 +1.50
0.50 0.50 0.50
30 60 90
Time (minutes)
Progressive Parking Charges
Budapest Parking managementMonitoring for most efficient operating
Parking managementSurveillance through GPS & GPRS
Paris On-Street Parking Supply Trend
Overall on-street parking supply was reduced by 9% (14,300 spaces)
Data Source: Paris Transport and Travel Report (2007)
95% of free spots were turned into paid parking spaces
Data Source: Paris Transport and Travel Report (2007)
Impact of Paris Parking Reforms
VKT: ↓ by 13%
Share of private vehicles in traffic: ↓ 68% to 60%
Car to Cycle shift: 5%
Data Source: Paris Transport and Travel Report (2007)
LONDON: Freedom Passes –Elderly and disabled ride for free
BARCELONA: BICING Bicycle Share Program -First city to use 100% of surplus from on-street parking fees to finance a public bicycle sharing scheme
ANTWERP: Parking fines are invested into public transport
Earmarking/Ringfencing Parking Funds
Parking Policy - Dumb Cities!
Everyone assumes that
1. Increase in private vehicle use is a foregone conclusion.
2. Parking is a necessity, a public good. People need it.
So, government
1. Constantly increases supply of subsidized public parking
space – especially through Multi-Level Parking.
2. Pushes private buildings to create more private parking
space through regulation.
3. Creates more road infrastructure to cater to the ever
increasing number of vehicles attracted to parking.
Parking Policy - Smart Cities!
There is a clear understanding that
1. It is impossible to cater to unending parking
demand.
2. Parking is a commodity, not a public right
So, government
1. Restricts total supply of parking in every zone to
what the local road network can handle.
2. Maximizes the efficient use of parking supply.
3. Charges user fee to control demand.
4. Spends the revenue generated to improve walking,
cycling and public transport facilities.
Chennai Cycle Sharing System
• Phase 1 system:
– 158 stations, 3,090
cycles
– Call for expressions of
interest open until 8 Nov
• Phased expansion into
adjacent areas
Chennai Street Revitalization Program
Our Cities Ourselves | Streets as Green Public Open Spaces | Ar. Kamal Mangaldas
