Ms. Soles

Social Studies

Lesson 56

World War I: Part II

Map of the participants in World War I:

Allied Powers in green, Central Powers in orange, and

neutral countries in grey

Effects of More Advanced Technology

Military tactics before World War I had failed to keep pace with advances in technology. These advances allowed for impressive defense systems, which out-of-date military tactics could not break through for most of the war. Barbed wire was a significant hindrance to massed infantry advances.

Artillery, vastly more lethal than in the 1870s, coupled with machine guns, made crossing open ground extremely difficult. The Germans introduced poison gas; it soon became used by both sides, Its effects were brutal, causing slow and painful death, and poison gas became one of the most-feared and best-remembered horrors of the war.

In time, however, technology began to produce new offensive weapons, such as the tank. Britain and France were its primary users; the Germans employed captured Allied tanks and small numbers of their own design.

In the trenches: Royal Irish Rifles in a communications trench on

the first day on the Somme, 1 July 1916

Naval Warfare of World War IAt the start of the war, the German Empire had cruisers scattered across the globe, some of which were subsequently used to attack Allied merchant shipping. The British Royal Navy systematically hunted them down, For example, the German detached light cruiser SMS Emden, seized or destroyed 15 merchantmen, as well as sinking a Russian cruiser and a French destroyer.

The British Grand Fleet making steam for Scapa Flow, 1914

The 1916 Battle of Jutland (German: Skagerrakschlacht, developed into the largest naval battle of the war, the only full-scale clash of battleships during the war, and one of the largest in history. It took place on 31 May – 1 June 1916, in the North Sea off Jutland.

German U-boats attempted to cut the supply lines between North America and Britain. The nature of submarine warfare meant that attacks often came without warning, giving the crews of the merchant ships little hope of survival.

German submarine U-9 (1910).

Camouflage Ships ofWorld War I

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/tlc/31771-battle-science-camouflage-ships-video.htm

“Firsts” of World War I

http://www.history.com/topics/history-of-war/videos#wwi-firsts

“A Separate Peace”

http://www.mrdowling.com/706-russia.html

The United States launched a protest, and Germany changed its rules of engagement. After the notorious sinking of the passenger ship RMS Lusitania in 1915, Germany promised not to target passenger liners. Finally, in early 1917 Germany adopted a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, realizing the Americans would eventually enter the war.

Lusitania Arriving in Port

During the First World War, as Germany waged submarine warfare against Britain, the ship was identified and torpedoed by the German U-boat U-20 on 7 May 1915 and sank in eighteen minutes. The vessel went down eleven miles (18 km) off the Old Head of Kinsale,5 Ireland, killing 1,198 of the 1,959 people aboard, leaving 761 survivors.

The sinking turned public opinion in many countries against Germany,

contributed to the American entry into World War I

At the time she was sunk she was carrying a large quantity of rifle ammunition and other supplies necessary for a war economy, as well as civilian passengers.

America Enters the War

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/30141-assignment-discovery-america-enters-world-war-i-video.htm

“The Doughboys”

http://www.mrdowling.com/706-doughboys.html

“The Great War”

http://www.mrdowling.com/706-greatwar.html

Timeline of World War I

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I

The World After World War I

The world was very different. These changes could be seen in the new ideas, new art, new music, and in new kinds of books. Writers identified people that had lived through this terrible war, “The Lost Generation”. The famous writer, Earnest Hemingway, was really made the term popular in his writings.

A new and different music, jazz, gave musicians more freedom in expression of mood and became very popular.The King & Carter Jazzing Orchestra,

1921

Artists also reflected change. Some of their paintings looked more like dreams than reality. As many others, they were tired of war and wished to enjoy life and worry less. Two of these artists were Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dali.

Pablo PicassoThree Musicians (1921), Museum of Modern Art

Dalí's expansiveArtistic repertoireincludes film,sculpture, andPhotography.

The Persistence of Memory

The world for women in America and some other parts of the world was changing also. They wanted more freedom and rights. One evidence was their shorter hair and dresses. In the United States, women demanded and earned the right to vote.

Program for Woman Suffrage Procession, Washington, D. C.,

March 3, 1913

Treaty of Versailles

http://www.history.com/topics/treaty-of-versailles/videos#treaty-of-versailles-end-world-war-i

Assessment for World War I

http://www.mrdowling.com/706print.html

Resources

http://www.wikipedia.orghttp://www.mrdowling.comhttp://www.history.comhttp://www.howstuffworks.com