Safe, Affordable Drinking Water for Rural India Rain Water Harvesting

May, 2010

Swati Vasudevan

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Rajasthani Women Walked Miles for

Hours to Fetch Water

More than 50% households make 3 or more trips to fetch

water in a day with each trip taking upto an hour **Source: Field surveys conducted during project

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In Summer, They Purchased Water in

Camel-carts

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Draughts Brought Them More Misery…

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They Went to Open Bawari, Wells or

Handpumps

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But the Water is Contaminated:

Fluoride in Ground Water or Microbial

*Source: Field surveys conducted during project

Chemical

83%

Bacteria

17%

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Government Implemented Aapni Yojna

And what is the guarantee of

source sustainability?

But to replicate it across the state,

Government needs Rs. 15000 Cr

and 15 years!

We Wanted to Make Her Life Different…

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..and Reduce the Drudgery of the

Future Generation!

Safe Water Network

Racing Towards Water Bankruptcy…

India: Worst hit by Water Crisis

Source: World Economic Forum report 2009 (University of New Hampshire, CIESIN Columbia University)

Year 2030

Rainwater Harvesting – An Imperative

Sep 2009

Source: Central Ground Water Authority; ISSRO

Per Capita Storage

6103

1964

753

3145

1110

219

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Russia Brazil USA China South

Africa

IndiaPer

Cap

ita S

tora

ge (

Cu

.m.)

Open pond

contamination

Ground water very deep & saline,

creating rain water as viable option

Why Rajasthan …

• Critical and recognized need of water solutions

• Limited reach at household level

• Microfinance an established practice for livelihood projects

Traditional Wells

Where in Rajasthan

March 2009

Safewaternetwork.org

RWH Pilot Project in Churu District Rajasthan

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Rain Water Harvesting – Overview

Community mobilization and construction

Quality assurance and policy white paper

Quality assurance, health impacts & policy

Microfinance funding product

Engineering & design

Objective

Develop and implement improved approaches to

rainwater harvesting through construction optimization,

quality assurance and new funding products for

sustainability and scale-up

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Rain Water Harvesting – Overview

Pilot project completed

Installed ~ 960 household and 40 community cisterns in 55 villages

Kunds to provide potable water to ~10,000 villagers

Completed construction and design improvements

Implemented financial product for households

Introduced quality assurance programMembers of household with newly

constructed kund

Safe Water Network site visit working on design improvements with partners

Community mobilization and construction

Quality assurance and policy white paper

Quality assurance, health impacts & policy

Microfinance funding product

Engineering & design

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Rain Water Harvesting – Overview

Longer-Term Objectives

Developing expansion proposition for scale-up

Engaging Government of Rajasthan through Water Resources Department

Strategic/Hydro geological assessment of harvesting and alternatives

Safe Water Network Funding

Rs. 3 Cr ($0.6 Million) grant for pilot implementation and optimization plan

Revolving fund Rs. 25 Lacs ($60k) for household funding product

Members of household with newly constructed kund

Safe Water Network site visit working on design improvements with partners

Community mobilization and construction

Quality assurance and policy white paper

Quality assurance, health impacts & policy

Microfinance funding product

Engineering & design

Initial Findings …

Annual Household ExpenditureSavings by Institutions

Source of Credit

Interest Rate per Month

Results of “Cash Flow Study”

Objectives

Field survey to assess economic status and paying potential

Development of a Micro Finance product for purchasing RWH kunds

(payback in 2 - 3 years; loan of Rs. 10,000 & Rs 15,000)

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Current Focus: Underground Tanks/Kunds

950 household tanks constructed

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Community Tank Rejuvenation

40 Community tanks completed

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Building Local Capability

142 local masons trained

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Rainwater Harvesting: Case Study

“This is a gift from heaven. I no longer need to carry water 5 hours each day and have more time to earn money”

- Below Poverty Line widow who purchased the cistern through a loan

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During Drought Years, Now The Villagers are

able to Purchase Water in Bulk in Tankers!

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Significant interest in affordable financial product to purchase a cistern:

•50% indicated desire to purchase for 300 rupees/month (5 yr note)

•Other 50% already have a cistern!

Field Observations - Example

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oCistern design improvements have been incorporated (IIT)

o Drought has limited the value of the design for “harvesting”

o Design may be suboptimal given prevalent uses: Storage from tanker truck delivery; mixed use of water (HH, kitchen garden, livestock)

Design Optimization

Inspection Chamber

1 ½ x1 ½ x2 ½

3/8

Thick B/Wall

Inlet Pipe 3”

dia

Outlet Pipe 3”

die

Stone Roofing40mm thick c.conc. 1:2:4

Hand pump

Steel Window 1 ½ x 1 ½

¾ Thick Roofing

9” Thick brick Wall in 1:5 mortar

Plaster in 1:4 mortar with

neat coat finish 3/8 thick

B/wall in 1:4 mortar

Brick Ballast 1:8:16

40 mm thick cement conc. 1:2:4Section

10 ½

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………

5 ½ ft

5 ft

……………………………..………………………………………………

D=8’-00”

Neat Coat finish Plaster

9”Thick brick Wall in 1:4

mortar

Plaster in 1:4 Mortar

Highlights:

For HH Tanks: Application from Head of Family

For Community Tanks: Application from Sarpanch

Processes Compliance

27Bid Comparison ProcessApplication for Tank

Highlights:

Systematic approach

Meticulous recordkeeping

All Stakeholders Sign off

Construction Quality Control – Mason Training

28

Completion Certificate

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Rain Water Harvesting – Next Steps

Alternate models being evaluated for the next phase of expansion.

(i) water resource alternatives (e.g. tanker delivery, talaabs, check dams) &

(ii) consumption (e.g. drinking, household, livestock)

Tankers and Camel carts for fetching water in bulk for the

kunds

Baoris/ Talab (Open Lakes) as an alternate RWH storage system

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Could We Make a Difference to Their Life?

31

We wish to expand the network of partners to include you!

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Safe Water Network - Market Based Solutions

for Underserved Populations

A world in which market leaders make a sustained commitment to develop ground-breaking solutions that bring safe water to underserved populations.

Vision

Mission

To be an active catalyst and sector leader engaging partners in the development of sustainable, scalable market-based solutions that provide safe, affordable water for the world’s poor.

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www.safewaternetwork.org

10 Saugatuck Avenue Westport CT

(203) 341-8865

Board of Directors

Co-Chairs

Jack HennessyRetired Chairman & CEO Credit Suisse First Boston

Josh Weston Retired Chairman & CEO, Automatic Data Processing

Members

Robert ForresterPresident & CEO, Newman’s Own Foundation

Hank GreenbergChairman & CEO, C.V. Starr & Co, Inc.

Harold NewmanPartner, Neuberger Berman

Linda NordstromNorthstream Development

John WhiteheadFormer U.S. Deputy Secretary of State; Former Co-Chair;Goldman Sachs

Joanne Woodward-NewmanBoard Member, Newman’s Own Foundation

Market based solutions for underserved populations