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Learning Objectives: To develop practical IT motivation To develop introductory skills of operating a computer To have basic understanding of Windows To have basic working skill of MS Word, MS Excel and Internet / Email Simple trouble shooting techniques To develop positive attitude towards work To develop basic softskills for public handling
UPPCC IT Basics II
An overview of Computer and system¼dEI;wVj ,oa flLVe dk laf{kIr fooj.k½
dEI;wVj ,d ;qfDRk gS Tkks lwpukvksa dks izkIRk djds dqN funsZ'kksa ds vuqlkj mldk fo'ys"k.k djds ifj.kke miyC/k djkRkk gSA lqij dSydqysVj] VkbijkbVj RkFkk VsyhfoTku ds laxe dks dEI;wVj dgk Tkk ldRkk gSA
Rkduhdh :i ls ;g dgk Tkk ldRkk gS fd dEI;wVj ,d ,slk ;a= gS Tkks funsa'kksa ds vuqlkj bldk fo'ys"k.k ¼izkslsl½ djds vko';dRkkuqlkj ifj.kke nsRkk gSA dEI;wVj esa dksbZ foosd 'kfDRk ugha gksRkh blfy, NksVs ls xyRk funsa'k ;k lwpuk nsus ls cgqRk cM+h =qfV;ka gks TkkRkh gSaA
dEI;wVj v©j dSydwysVj dk vURkj (Difference between Computer and Calculator )
xf.kRkh; dk;Z T©ls%& TkksM+uk] ?kVkuk] xq.kk ,oa Hkkx vkfn fØ;k;sa dSydqysVj vPNh Rkjg dj ldRkk gS ijURkq vkdM+ks dks Hkfo"; ds fy;s vius vUnj lafpRk ugha dj ldRkk gSA dEI;wVj ,d ,slh fo'ys"k.k e'khu gS Tkks vkdM+ks dks lafpRk dj ldRkk gS mijksDRk fØ;kvksa ds lkFk lkFk TkfVy ls TkfVy x.kuk;sa Hkh dj ldRkk gSA blds vfRkfjDRk dEI;wVj ls xzkfQDl izn'kZu] /ofu mRiknu] ,uhes'ku v©j fofHkUu izdkj ds [ksy [ksyus T©ls dk;Z Hkh fd;s Tkk ldRks gSaA
(a) Element of Computer System, Harware & software
gkMZos;j rFkk lk¶Vos;j (Hardware & Software) dEI;wVj dks rduhdh n`f"V ls nks Hkkxksa esa ckaVk x;k gS&
1- gkMZos;j
2.1
Mouse
keyboard
C.P.U
UPPCC IT Basics II
2- lk¶Vos;j
gkMZos;j (Hardware) dEI;wVj dk izR;sd og Hkkx ¼;U=½ fTkls n`f"V ns[k lds o mls
Nw dj vuqHko fd;k Tkk lds] gkMZos;j dgykRkk gSA eq[; gkMZos;j fMokbl fuEu gSa& Monitor, CPU, Printer, Keyboard, Mouse, Modem, Scanner etc.
ekuhVj (Monitor)
dEI;wVj ij vkmViqV ns[kus ds fy;s ekuhVj dk iz;ksx djRks gSa ;g ns[kus esa fcYdqy Vh0 oh0 T©lk gksRkk gS ijURkq Rkduhdh :i ls dkQh fHkUu gksRkk gSAlk¶Vos;j (Software)
dbZ izksxzkeksa ds lewg dks lk¶Vos;j dgRks gSaA Li"V gS fd dEI;wVj dks ge funsZa'kksa }kjk lapkfyRk djRks gSa blfy, ;g dgk Tkk ldRkk gS fd lk¶Vos;j] gkMZos;j dks lapkfyRk djRkk gS rFkk dEI;wVj [kksyus ds ckn LØhu ij Tkks Hkh dqN iznf'kZRk gksRkk gS og lk¶Vos;j dk gh izfRkQy gksRkk gS rFkk mls MsLdVki dgrsa gSaA gkMZos;j RkFkk lk¶Vos;j ,d nwljs ds iwjd gSa v©j ,d ds fcuk nwljs dk dksbZ vfLRkRo ugha jg TkkRkk gSA lk¶Vos;j fuEu izdkj ds gksRks gSa A
,Iyhds'ku lk¶Vos;j (Application Software) fdlh fo'ks"k leL;k ds lek/kku ds fy;s Tkks izksxzke R©;kj
fd;k TkkRkk gS mls ,Iyhds'ku lk¶Vos;j dgRks gSaA T©ls%& isjksy] ukfeuy jksy] VªSfQd pkyku vkfnAflLVe lk¶Vos;j (System Software)
;g dEI;wVj dks ÁkjfEHkd :i ls funsa'kksa dk ikyu djus gsRkq R©;kj djRkk gSA flLVe lk¶Vos;j Hkh nks Ádkj ds gksRks gSa&
QeZos;j vkijsfVax flLVe
QeZos;j (Firmware) ;g BIOS ck;l (Basic Input Output System) ds uke ls Hkh Tkkuk TkkRkk gSA ;g ROM (Read Only Memory) dh IC Chip gksRkh gSa vFkkZRk dEI;wVj dsoy bls i<+ ldRkk gS fy[k ugha ldRkkA QeZos;j dks dEI;wVj fuekZRkk Lo;a cukdj enj cksMZ esa yxkRks gSaA fTkldks ekbØksizkslslj lcls igys jhM djds cksMZ ds lkFk TkqM+h lHkh fMokbl vkfn dh Tkkudkjh djRkk gSA ikoj vku djRks gh fMyhV
2.2
UPPCC IT Basics II
key izsl djus ls Tkks lsVvi LØhu ij fn[kk;h nsRkk gS mls gh ck;l dgRks gSaA vkijsfVax flLVe (Operating System):-
;g dEI;wVj RkFkk iz;ksxdRkkZ ¼;wTkj½ ds e/; iqy dk dk;Z djRkk gS D;ksafd dEI;wVj vkidh Hkk"kk ugha le>Rkk v©j vkidks dEI;wVj dh Hkk"kk le> ugha vkRkh gSA dEI;wVj lkjh izkslsflax e'khuh Hkk"kk ¼ySaXosTk½ (0-1) esa djRkk gSA vkijsfVax flLVe dks OS dgRks gSaA ;fn dEI;wVj esa OS ugha gS Rkks og dEI;wVj ek= ,d fMCck gksxk mlds }kjk dksbZ Hkh dk;Z ugha gks ldRkk gSaA vkijsfVax flLVe ds mnkgj.k%&PC-DOS, MS-DOS, Windows, Linux RkFkk UNIX vkfn gSaA fo.MksTk&95] fo.MksTk&98] fo.MksTk&2000 RkFkk fo.MksTk ,Dl-ih-] fo.MksTk&7 rFkk fo.MksTk foftVk lHkh OS gSaA
igys LVSUMMZ vkijsfVax flLVe u gksus ds dkj.k dEI;wVj cukus okyh dEiuh viuk inbuilt O.S. yxkRkh FkhA ,d dEI;wVj ds fuekZRkk dk O.S. nwljs dEI;wVj ds fuekZRkk ds OS ls fHké gksus ds dkj.k ,d dEI;wVj dk MkVk nwljs dEI;wVj esa iz;ksx ugha gksRkk FkkA blds ckn ekbZØkslk¶V uked dEiuh us ,slk vkijsfVax flLVe fodflRk fd;k ftlls ,d dEI;wVj dk MkVk nwljs dEI;wVj esa vklkuh ls iz;ksx gks TkkRkk gSA (b) Block Diagram of a computer, CPU, Memry, Input/ Output device
dEI;wVj dh dk;Zfof/k (Working of Computer) dEI;wVj dh dk;Zfof/k le>us ds fy;s fuEufyf[kRk fp= ds
vuqlkj ,d vf/kdkjh dh dYiuk djsa fTklds lkeus esTk ij "IN" v©j "OUT" nks Vªs j[kh gSaA IN okyh Vªs ls ,d i=koyh mBkdj mls
2.3
UPPCC IT Basics II
i<+Rkk gS RkFkk mlij dksbZ vkns'k ikfjRk djds OUT Vªs esa i=koyh j[k nsRkk gSA
Bhd blh izfØ;k ds vk/kkj ij dEI;wVj Hkh dk;Z djRkk gS T©ls fd fuEu fp= ls Li"V gSA
fTku lk/kuksa ls dEI;wVj dks lwpuk miyC/k djk;h TkkRkh gS mUgsa INPUT DEVICE dgRks gSaA blesa buiqV fMokbl ds :i esa dh cksMZ] ekml vkfn RkFkk vkmViqV fMokbl ds :i esa fizUVj] ekuhVj vkfn TkqM+s gksRks gSaA lh-ih-;w- ¼Central Processing Unit½ dh Rkqyuk fnekx ;k fny ls dh Tkk ldRkh gSA lhih;w esa ,-,y-;w- ¼Arithmetic Logic Unit½] eseksjh ¼RAM½ ,oa dUVªksy ;wfuV gksRks gSaA Tkks fMokbl buiqV&vkmViqV nksuksa dk;ksZ ds fy;s gksRkh gS bls buiqV vkmViqV fMokbl dgRks gSaA T©ls%& ¶ykih] gkMZ fMLd] Vsi bR;kfn A blesa MkVk dks buiqV ds :i esa i<+k TkkRkk gS RkFkk vkmViqV ds :i esa LVksj ;k lafpRk djRks gSaA
(c) ekml o dh&cksMZ (Mouse & Keyboard )
ekml (Mouse) ekml ,d ,slk ;U= gS fTkls gkFk ls idM+ dj dEI;wVj dks
fu;af=Rk fd;k Tkk ldRkk gSA blesa izk;% nks cVu gksRks gSaA bu cVuksa dks vaxqyh ls nckdj NksM+uk ^fDyd* djuk dgykRkk gSA dEI;wVj dk;Z ds lEiknu ds fy;s vf/kdRkj ck;sa cVu dk iz;ksx fd;k TkkRkk gSA vfRkfjDRk izkfo/kku ds fy;s nkfgus cVu dk iz;ksx fd;k TkkRkk gSA ekÅl dk djlj lkekU;Rk% Rkhj ds fu'kku dk gksRkk gS Tkks LØhu ij ekml dks pykus ij pyRkk gSA fdlh dek.M dks fØ;k'khy djus ds fy;s ekml IokbUVj ml LFkku ij ys Tkkdj cka;k cVu ,d ckj nckus ls dek.M dk;kZfUoRk gks TkkRkk gSA ekml dh ck;ha RkFkk nk;ha cVu] IokbUVj dh xfRk RkFkk Mcy fDyd LihM dks dUVªksy iSuy ls lsV dj ldRks gSaA ;g buiqV fMokbl esa vkRkk gSA
dh& cksMZ (Keyboard)
2.4
OUTIN
INPUT CPU OUTPUT
UPPCC IT Basics II
dh&cksMZ ,d NksVs bysDVªkfud VkbijkbVj ds vkdkj dk gksRkk gS RkFkk bls dEI;wVj ds lkFk TkksM+dj MkVk buiqV djus ds fy;s iz;ksx djRks gSa A fgUnh] vaxzsTkh ;k fdlh vU; Hkk"kk gsRkq lEcfU/kRk lk¶Vos;j dh lgk;Rkk ls ,d gh dh cksMZ dk iz;ksx fd;k TkkRkk gSAdh&cksMZ dh key( Keyboard's Key) VkbijkbVj dhTk (Typewriter Keys) A ls Z] 0 ls 9 RkFkk fo'ks"k fpUg T©ls%& ~, !, @, $, %, ^, &, * vkfn gksRks gSaA
QaD'ku dhTk (Function Keys) ;s F1 ls F12 Rkd gksRkh gS RkFkk ;s gkV key dgykRkh gSA vyx&vyx lk¶Vos;j esa fofHkUu dk;Z buds }kjk fd;s TkkRks gSaA vf/kdRkj lk¶Vos;j esa F1 key gsYi key gksRkh gSA RkFkk bl key dks nckus ls vkuykbu gsYi vkRkh gSA
fn'kk ;k djlj dUVªksy dhTk (Direction/Courser Control Keys) bu key ij ← ↑ → ↓ fn'kk ds fu'kku gksRks gSa A fTkuls ck;sa]
Åij] nk;sa RkFkk uhps dlZj dks ys TkkRks gSa Home, End, Page Up, Page Down key Hkh dlZj fu;a=d gksRkh gSaAdh dlZj pyus dh fn'kk↑ vius LFkku ls dlZj dk ,d ykbu Åij pyukA↓ vius LFkku ls dlZj dk ,d ykbu uhps pyukA→ vius LFkku ls dlZj dk ,d v{kj nk;sa pyukA← vius LFkku ls dlZj dk ,d v{kj ck;sa pyukA ^ vius LFkku ls dlZj dk ,d 'kCn ck;sa pyukA^ vius LFkku ls dlZj dk ,d 'kCn nk;sa pyukA
2.5
UPPCC IT Basics II
Home vius LFkku ls dlZj ys[k dh izFke ykbu ds izFke 'kCn(;k dkye)esa TkkukA
End vius LFkku ls dlZj dk ys[k ds vURk esa TkkukAPgDn LØhu ij nf'kZRk MkVk ds fiNys Hkkx dks LØhu ij ykus
gsRkqAPgUp LØhu ij nf'kZRk MkVk ds vxys Hkkx dks LØhu ij ykus
gsRkqA
dSIlykd dh (Capslock Key) bl key dks nckus ls dh&cksMZ dSfiVy ysVlZ ¼cM+s ;k vij ½
RkFkk bl dh dks nqckjk nckus ij ¼NksVs ;k yksoj½ esa fy[kRkk gSA blds vku ;k vkQ dh lwpuk Hkh dh cksMZ ij dSIlykd dh ykbV Tkyus ;k cUn gksus ls izkIr dj ldRks gSaA
f'k¶V dhTk (Shift Keys) ;g key dhcksMZ esa nksuks RkjQ gksRkh gSA bl key dks nck;s j[kus ds ckn fdlh Hkh ySVj dks izsl djsaxs Rkks dSfiVy ysVj ¼cMs v{kj) esa fy[ksxk] ;fn dSIlykd vku gS Rkks f'k¶V key dks nckus ls NksVs v{kj esa fy[ksxkA dqN key(s) esa nks fu'kku gksRks gSa Rkks f'k¶V nckdj Vkbi djus ij Åij dk fu'kku fizUV gksxk vU;Fkk lkekU; fLFkfRk esa uhps dk fu'kku fizUV gksxkA
dUVªksy ,oa vkYV dhTk (Ctrl and Alt Keys) ;g key gkV key dgykRkh gS RkFkk Lislckj ds nksuks RkjQ
gksRkh gSaA bu key dks nckus ij dEI;wVj dqN fo'ks"k dk;Z djRkk gSA lk¶Vos;j esa Hkh budk iz;ksx djds 'kkVZdV dek.M ,fDVosV gksRks gSa T©ls%& fo.Mks esa dUVksy Iyl lh ¼ Ctrl + C ½ key dkih djsxk] RkFkk ¼ Ctrl + X ½ dV djsxk] ¼ Ctrl + S ½ lso djsxk blh Rkjg Alt +F nckus ij fo.Mks esa ,e-,l- oMZ vkfn esa Qkby esuw iqyMkmu gks TkkRkk gSA,UVj@fjVuZ dh (Enter / Return Key) lkekU;Rk% ;g key nks dk;ksZ esa iz;ksx gksRkh gS ,d dek.M lekfIRk dh lwpuk bl key dks izsl dj ds nh TkkRkh gSa] RkHkh dEI;wVj izkslsflax ÁjEHk djRkk gS] nwljk ,e- ,l-oMZ vkfn esa bl key dks nckus ls u;k iSjkxzkQ ;k ubZ ykbu 'kq: gks TkkRkh gSAikWTk dh (Pause Key)
bl key dks nckus ls Mkl esa fn;s x;s dek.M dh izkslsflax dks jksd ldRks gSa ;fn nqckjk nck;sa Rkks izkslsflax fQj 'kq: gks Tkk;sxhAVSc dh (Tab Key)
2.6
UPPCC IT Basics II
blls dlZj ,d fuf'pRk vURkjky ds ckn :dRkk gSA fo.MksTk esa Mk;ykx ckDl esa fodYi pquus ds fy;s Hkh bldk mi;ksx djRks gSaALdsi dh (Esc. Key)
;g key igys fn;s x;s dek.M dks jí djRkk gS rFkk iqyMkmu esuw ,oa 'kkVZdV esuw cUn gks tkrs gSaAfizUV LØhu dh (Print Screen Key)
bl key dks nckus ls Mkl izkEIV esa Tkks Hkh LØhu ij fy[kk gksxk mls fizUVj ls fizUV dj nsxk A fo.MksTk okRkkoj.k esa bl key dks nckus ls LØhu dh besTk fDyi cksMZ ij vk TkkRkh gS fTkls fdlh Hkh lk¶Vos;j esa isLV dj ldRks gSaAfMyhV dh (Del Key)
bl key dks nckus ij dlZj TkgkW gS mlds nkfgus RkjQ ds djsDVj fMyhV gksRks gSaAcSd Lisl (Backspace Key)
cSd Lisl key dks nckus ls dlZj ,d Lisl ihNs ¼ck;ha RkjQ½ ,d ,d djsDVj fMyhV djRkk gqvk TkkRkk gSA
U;wesfjd dh iSM rFkk ueykd dh (Numeric Keypad/ Num Lock) dh&cksMZ ds nkfguh vksj dqN Key gksRkh gSa fTku ij 0 ls
9 RkFkk isTk&vi] isTk&Mkmu] gkse bR;kfn ds cVu gksRks gSaA ;fn Åij ueykd dh vku gS Rkks bl dhiSM ls U;wesfjd MkVk fy[k ldRks gSA ;fn ueykd key vkQ gS Rkks dlZj fu;a=d vkfn dh Rkjg dke djRkh gSA
bUlVZ&dh (Insert Key) bUlVZ&dh vku gksus dh n'kk esa 'kCnksa ds e/; u;s 'kCn dk
lekos'k fd;k Tkk ldRkk gS vU;Fkk igys ls fy[ks 'kCn ij u;s 'kCn vafdRk gks Tkk;saxsA bl izfØ;k dks Øe'k% Insert Mode RkFkk Overwrite Mode dgk TkkRkk gSA
(d) Using a Mouse (single and double click and their function)
1. IokbfUVx (Pointing) cxSj dksbZ cVu bR;kfn nck;s
gq;s dsoy ekml IokbUVj dks LØhu ij fuf'pRk LFkku ij ?kqekRks gq;s igqapuk] IokbfUVx dgykRkk gSaA 2. flafxy fDyd (single Click)
2.7
Left Button
Right Button
UPPCC IT Basics II
cka;sa cVu dks ,d ckj vukfedk vaxqyh ls nckdj NksM+uk fDyd dgykRkk gSA3. Mcy fDyd (Double Click)
cVu dks Mcy fDyd djus ij og lk¶Vos;j dk;kZfUoRk gks TkkRkk gSA
(e) fizUVj o LdSuj (Printer and Scanner )
fizUVj ¼ Printer) fizUVj dks dEI;wVj ds lkFk TkksM+dj MkVk dks izkslsl djus ds ckn gkMZ dkih ¼vkmViqV½ Nkih TkkRkh gSaA mPp Rkduhd ls cus MsLd&TksV fizUVj] MkV&eSfVªDl fizUVj RkFkk ysTkj fizUVj lokZf/kd iz;ksx gksRks gSa A
MkV&eSfVªDl fizUVj (Dot Matrix Printer) 80 dkye RkFkk 132 dkye ¼cM+k isij RkFkk NksVk isij ½ dh
p©M+kbZ ds gksRks gSaA bUgsa bEiSDV fizUVj dgRks gSaA blds fizUV gsM esa 9 ;k 24 fius gksRkh gSa fTklesa gSefjax ds }kjk fizfUVx gksRkh gSa A bldh fizfUVx lcls lLRkh gksRkh gSA MsLd&TksV fizUVj (Deskjet Printer)
bls bls bad&tsV fizUVj Hkh dgrs gSaA blesa bad dkVsaTk yxRkh gSa fTkuds }kjk jaxhu fp= Hkh Nkis Tkk ldRks gSaA bldh NikbZ MkVeSfVªDl dh vis{kk vf/kd vPNh gksRkh gSA lLRks gksus ds dkj.k dyj QksVksxzkQh esa vkTkdy bldk iz;ksx vf/kd gks jgk gSA blds gSM esa ukWTky gksRkh gS] fTklls Lizs ds }kjk NikbZ djRkk gSA
ysTkj fizUVj ( Leserjet Printer) ysTkj fizUVj dh dk;Ziz.kkyh TkhjkDl ¼QksVks LVsV ½ e'khu
T©lh gksRkh gS ;g ysTkj Rkduhd ij gksRkh gS blhfy;s bls ysTkj fizUVj dgRks gSa] ;s dkys v©j jaxhu nksuks Ádkj ds vkRks gSaA bles bad ds LFkku ij Vksuj dk iz;ksx gksRkk gSA ysTkj fizUVj ls fizUV lcls mPp dksfV dk gksRkk gS blfy;s MsLDVki ifCyflax ¼DTP½ esa blds fizUV vkmV dks vk¶lsV e'khu ls fudky dj iqLRkd cuk;h TkkRkh gSA eYVh QUd'kuy fizUVj ( Multi-functional Printer) ,sls fizUVj dbZ lkjs dk;Z dj ldrs gSa tSls lk/kkj.k fizUVj dh rjg fizUV djuk] Nk;kizfr ¼QksVksdkih½ djus dh lqfo/kk] QSDl e'khu dh rjg QSDl Hkstus ,oa
2.8
UPPCC IT Basics II
izkIr djus dh lqfo/kk rFkk LdSuj dh rjg LdSu djus dh lqfo/kk bR;kfn gksrh gSALdSuj (Scanner)
;g ,d buiqV fMokbl gS ;g QksVksxzkQ ;k MkD;wesUV isij dks LdSu djds mls dEI;wVj ij fiDpj Qkby ds QkjesV esa ifjofRkZRk djRkk gS A QksVks'kki] isUV ;k vU; fdlh QksVks ,fMfVax lk¶Vos;j esa bls [kksydj la'kks/ku Hkh fd;k Tkk ldRkk gSA blds }kjk cukbZ x;h Qkby dks bZ&esy esa vVSp djds HksTkk Tkk ldRkk gSA(f) ;wih,l o tujsVj (UPS and Genrator) ;wih,l (Uninterruptible Power Supply)
fo|qr ds vkHkko esa cSVjh ls dEI;wVj dks vuojr ¼vuVjiVsM ikoj lIykbZ½ ikoj lIykbZ iznku djus gsrq ;g midj.k gksrk gSA ;g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa buesa ls ,d vkQykbu ;wih,l rFkk nwljk vkuykbu ;wih,l gksrk gSA blesa ls vkQykbu ;wih,l lLrk gksrk gS rFkk ikoj tkus ij cSVjh ls lIykbZ Lor% pkyw gks tkrh gS rFkk ikoj vkus ij iqu% fo|qr ls pyus yxrk gS bles gkbZ dVvkQ@ yks dVvkQ Hkh gksrk gS vFkkZr ,d fyfeV ls ikoj de gksus ij ;k T;knk gksus ij ;wih,l esa ikoj tkuk cUn gks tk;sxh ,oa cSVjh ls ikoj cSdvi nsuk 'kq# dj nsxkA vkuykbu ;wih,l egaxk gksrk gS rFkk ikoj ges'kk cSVjh ls nh tkrh gS fo|qr ges'kk jsxqysVsM izkIr gksrh gSA ;wih,l dh ;wfuV VA ;k Watt esa gksrh gSA dEI;wVj ds fy;s lkekU;r% 1 KVA dk ysuk pkfg;s rFkk blesa cSdvi Vkbe 15&30 feuV dk gksrk gSA vPNs vkuykbu ;wih,l esa cSdvi Vkbe 2 ls 5 /kaVs dk gksrk tks cSVjh dh {kerk ij fuHkZj djrk gSA buoZVj esa fLofpax Vkbe T;knk gksrk gS ftlls dEI;wVj cUn gks tkrs gSaA ijUrq vktdy vk jgs bUoVZj esa ihNs ,d fLop gksrk gS ftlls bls ;wih,l eksM esa cny ldrs gSA tujsVj (Genrator)
,lh tujsVj esa Dok;y gksrh gSa ftls eSxusfVd QhYM esa ?kqekus ij fo|qr cuus yxrh gSA fo|qr ds vkHkko esa blds }kjk Hkh lIykbZ Hkh dEI;wVj dks nh tk ldrh gSA bldh ;wfuV VA ;k Watt esa gksrh gSA(g) lh-Mh-] MhohMh] CD, DVD, USB drives (Flash / Pen Drives) lh-Mh-jkse fMLd (CD ROM Disk) bls dkEiSd fMLd & jhM vksuyh eseksjh dgRks gSaA blesa MkVk ;k Qkby dk HkaMkj.k cM+h ek=k esa RkFkk LFkkbZ :i ls yEcs le; Rkd j[kk Tkk ldRkk gSA ;g fMLd nks izdkj dh gksRkh gS%&
2.9
UPPCC IT Basics II
lh-Mh-&vkj (CD-R) bl Rkjg dh fMLd esa 650 ,e-ch- dh lwpuk ;k 74 feuV dh
vof/k dh vkfM;ksa&ohfM;ks Qkby lafpRk dj ldRks gSaA ijURkq oRkZeku esa miyC/k fMLd esa 700 ,e-ch dk MkVk ;k 80 feuV dh vof/k dh vkfM;ks&ohfM;ks dh Qkby lafpRk dj ldRks gSaA bl Rkjg dh [kkyh ¼Blank) fMLd esa dsoy ,d ckj gh MkVk lafpRk fd;k Tkk ldRkk gSA /;ku jgs fd bl Ádkj dh fMLd esa lafpRk MkVk dks ifjofRkZRk ugha fd;k Tkk ldRkk v©j ,d ckj fy[kus ds ckn ml ij iqu% ugha fy[kk Tkk ldRkkAlh-Mh-&vkj-MCY;w (CD-RW)
lh-Mh-&vkj MCY;w dk vFkZ gS fd Re-Write vFkkZRk bl fMLd esa MkVk dks lafpRk djds] mls fMyhV djds fQj u;k MkVk lafpRk fd;k Tkk ldRkk gS A ;g Hkh fMLd lh-Mh-&vkj dh Rkjg nksuksa Size esa miyC/k gSA bl izdkj dh fMLd dks ckj&ckj fy[kus o i<+us ds fy;s iz;ksx fd;k Tkk ldRkk gSAMhohMh (DVD)
bls fMftVy olsZVkby fMLd dgrs gSA blesa MkVk] vkfM;ks] ohfM;ks vkfn dks lafpRk dj ldrs gSa] ,d MhohMh esa 4 ls 5 fiDpj vk ldrh gSA oRkZeku esa 24x ls 52x Rkd dh xfRk dh Mªkbc miyC/k gS ,d x esa lhMh dh 115 KBit/Sec. data transfer speed gksRkh gSAlh-Mh-@ Mh-oh-Mh- Mªkbo (CD/ DVD Drive)
lhMh& Mªkbo ds }kjk dsoy lhMh rFkk MhohMh & Mªkbo ds }kjk lhMh o MhohMh nksuks ij lafpRk MkVk dks i<+k tk ldrk gSA dWEcks Mªkbo (Combo Drive)
dkEcks Mªkbo ds }kjk lhMh o MhohMh nksuks ij lafpRk MkVk dks i<+k tk ldrk gS] dsoy lhMh ij MkVk lafpRk Hkh fd;k Tkk ldRkk gSAlh-Mh jkbVj@ Mh-oh-Mh- jkbVj (CD Writer/ DVD Writer)
lhMh& jkbVj ds }kjk dsoy lhMh rFkk MhohMh & jkbVj ds }kjk lhMh o MhohMh nksuks ij MkVk lafpRk fd;k tkrk gSA lkFk gh lhMh& jkbVj ds }kjk dsoy lhMh rFkk MhohMh & jkbVj ds }kjk lhMh o MhohMh nksuks ij lafpRk MkVk dks i<+k Hkh tk ldrk gSA
ckg~; gkMZ fMLd (External Hard Disk)
2.10
UPPCC IT Basics II
ckg~; gkMZ fMLd cgqRk vf/kd LihM ,oa mPp LVksjsTk {keRkk j[krh gS RkFkk ¶ykih ls T;knk fo'oluh; gksRkh gSA blds fy;s fdlh vyx Mªkbo dh vko';drk ugh gksrh gSA isu Mªkbo (Pen Drive)
bl dk vkdkj yxHkx isu dh rjg gksrk gSA ¶ykih dh rjg bl ij Qkbysa ,d flLVe ls nwljs flLVe ij dkih dh tkrh gSaA ;w-,l-ch- iksVZ }kjk iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA osc dSejk (Web Camera) osc dSejs dk iz;ksx ohfM;ks dkuÝsfUlax] ohfM;ks pSfVax] fLVy QksVksxzkQh rFkk ohfM;ks fQYe cukus esa gksrk gSA bldk vkdkj NksVk gksrk gS rFkk fiDpj dh xq.koRrk cgqr vPNh ugha gksrh gSA bldh txg fMftVy dSejk dk Hkh iz;ksx gksrk gSA (h) fofHkUu izdkj dh dsfcyksa dh igpku (Identification of diffrent type of cable )usVofdZax gsrq fofHkUu izdkj dh dsfcy dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS& dks,fDl;y dsfcy COAXIAL CABLE V~foLVsM is;j dsfcy TWISTED PAIR CABLE vu'khYMsM V~foLVsM is;j dsfcy UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR
CABLE 'khYMsM V~foLVsM is;j dsfcy SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR CABLE
Qkbcj vkfIVd dsfcy FIBER-OPTIC CABLE
dks,fDl;y dsfcy COAXIAL CABLE
,d lkysM dkij ok;j ds Åij esVkfyd 'khYM dk doj gksrk gSA bldks 10Base5 MsthusV fd;k x;k gS vFkkZr 10 ,echih,l ¼esxk fcV ij lsdUM½ dh xfr ls fMftVy MkVk 500 ehVj rd VªkUlQj gks ldrk gSAV~foLVsM is;j dsfcy (Twisted Pair Cable) vu'khYMsM V~foLVsM (Unshielded Twisted) is;j dsfcy esa rkjksa ds pkj is;j vFkZkr 8 rkj gksrs gSaA bldks 10BaseT MsthusV fd;k x;k gS vFkkZr 10 ,echih,l ¼esxk fcV ij lsdUM½ dh xfr ls fMftVy
2.11
UPPCC IT Basics II
MkVk 100 ehVj rd VªkUlQj gks ldrk gS rFkk Vh V~foLVsM dks bafxr djrk gSA ;wVhih dSV&5 dk iz;ksx vf/kdrj gksrk gSA
Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP)
Plastic encasement
Color-coded insulation
Copper wire conductor
Cat 1 – Analog voice onlyCat 2 – 4 mbpsCat 3 – 16 mbpsCat 4 – 20 mbpsCat 5 – 100 mbps
'khYMsM V~foLVsM (Shielded Twisted) is;j dsfcy esa rkjksa ds Åij esVkfyd 'khYM dk dcj gksrk gSA bldks 100BaseT MsthusV fd;k x;k gS vFkkZr 100 ,echih,l ¼esxk fcV ij lsdUM½ dh xfr ls fMftVy MkVk VªkUlQj gks ldrk gSA
Shielded twisted-pair (STP)
Plastic encasement
ShieldingColor-coded
insulationCopper wire conductor
Qkbcj vkfIVd dsfcy (Fiber Optic Cable)
Protective Outer Sheath (J acket)
Glass Cladding
Optical Fiber (Core)
blesa Xykl ;k IykfLVd dh dksj gksrh gSA MkVk izdk'k dh iYl ds #i esa rhoz xfr ls nks fdyksehVj rd ¶yks gks ldrk gSA bls 100BaseFX MsthusV fd;k x;k gSA Qkbcj vkfIVd bysfDVªdy bUVjfQ;sjsUl ls cpkrk gS rFkk mPp flD;ksfjVh iznku djrk gSA
2.12
UPPCC IT Basics II
(h) usVoZfZdax fMokblst (Networking Devices - Switch, LAN Cable)
gc ;k fLop (Hub or Switch) bldh lgk;rk loZj rFkk usVodZ
ds DeI;wVjksa dks ;wVhih dSV&5 dsfcy ds }kjk tksM+k tkrk gSA gc rFkk fLop esa vUrj dsoy bruk gS fd gc esa 10 ,echih,l dh xfr ls MkVk VªkUlQj gksrk gS ,oa lLrk gksrk gS rFkk fLop esa 100 ,echih,l dh xfr ls MkVk VªkUlQj gksrk gS ,oa egaxk vkrk gSA nksuks fn[kus esa ,d tSls yxrs rFkk vko';drk ds vuqlkj 8] 16] 24 rFkk 32 bR;kfn iksVZ ds cktkj esa miyC/k gSaA ySu dsfcy (LAN Cable)
;wVhih dSV&5 dsfcy dh lgk;rk loZj rFkk usVodZ ds DeI;wVjksa dks tksM+dj ySu usVodZ cuk;k tkrk gSA bl dsfcy esa rkjksa ds pkj is;j dqy 8 rkj gksrs gSaA tSls Hkwjk rFkk lQsV&Hkwjk] ukjaxh rFkk lQsn&ukjaxh] gjk rFkk lQsn&gjk] uhyk rFkk lQsn&uhykA bu rkjksa dks vkjts&45 dusDVj esa yxk;k tkrk gSAvkjts&45 dusDVj (RJ-45 Connector)
;wVhih dSV&5 dsfcy ds rkjksa dks vkjts&45 dusDVj esa yxkdj DySfEiax Vwy ls tksM+ nsrs gSaA rkjkss dk dusD'ku fuEu izdkj ls gksrk gS&
2.13
UPPCC IT Basics II
(j) dEI;wVjksa dks vkil esa tksM+dj ySu cukuk (Setting up PC connecting each component of computer including LAN ½
3- yksdy ,fj;k dusD'ku ij Mcqy fDyd djsa
2.14
1-loZj esa ekbZusVodZ Iysl ij nkfguk cVu nckdj vksiu djsa
2- O;w ekbZ usVodZ dusD'ku fDyd djsa
4- bUVjusV izksVksdky Vhlhih@vkbZih lysDV dj izkiZVht ij
5- ;wt n Qkyksfbax vkbZih ,Mªsl lysDV dj ,d vkbZih ,Mªsl Vkbi djsa rFkk vfUre ua0 esa 1 dk iz;ksx djsa vksds fDyd
UPPCC IT Basics II
dEI;wVjksa dks vkil esa tksM+dj ySu cukus gsrq gc@fLop] ;wVhih dSV&5 dsfcy ¼vkjts&45 dusDVj lfgr½] vkbZih ,Msªl] DykbUV o loZj dh vko';drk gksrh gSaA
lcls igys dEI;wVj esa ;wVhih dSV&5 dsfcy ftlds nksuks fljksa esa vkjts&45 dusDVj yxk gks mldk ,d fljk dEI;wVj esa yxk;sa rFkk nwljk fljk gc@ fLop esa yxk;saA loZj dks Hkh ;wVhih dSV&5 dsfcy dh lgk;rk ls gc@ fLop esa tksM+ nsaA loZj esa My Network Places ij Mcy fDyd djsaA Bhd blh izdkj ls gj DykabV ds dEI;wVj esa loZj ds vkbZih ,Mªsl dh rjg vkbZih ,Mªsl HkjsaA igys DykbaV dks vkbZih ,Mªsl tSls 192-9-150-2] nwljs DykbaV dks vkbZih ,Mªsl 192-9-150-3 blh rjg lkjs DykbaV dks vkbZih ,Mªsl ns nsrs gSaA fdlh Hkh dEI;wVj ij My Network Places ij Mcy fDyd djsa rRi'pkr View Workgroup Computers ij fDyd djsa blh LØhu ij usVodZ ls dusdDVsM lkjs dEI;wVlZ fn[kkbZ iM+sxsAØkl dsfcy dusD'ku ds }kjk nks dE;wVjksa dks vkil esa tksM+uk (Conneted Two Computers with Cross cable ½
Økl dsfcy dusD'ku ds }kjk dsoy nks dE;wVjksa dks vkil esa tksM+k tk ldrk gSA My Network Places ij Mcy fDyd djsa rRi'pkr View Workgroup Computers ij fDyd djus ls LØhu ij usVodZ ls dudDVsM nksuks dEI;wVlZ fn[kkbZ iM+sxsA blds fy;s ;wVhih dsfcy&5 ds nksuks fljksa ds rkjksa ds dusD'ku fp= ds vuqlkj ls gksrs gSaA
(k) usVodZ ij dk;Z djus dk rjhdk (Process to follow before beginning to work and after complition of work)usVodZ ij dk;Z djus ds fy;s fuEu izklst gSa&
'ks;fjax ;wtj ds VªLV ds vuqlkj jkbV ijeh'ku ;k jhM vksuyh ijeh'ku nsuh pkfglsA
vius QksYMj dks vko';drk iM+us ij 'ks;j djsa vkSj tgka rd gks lds bls jhMvksuyh ,Dlst nsuh pkfg;s rkfd nwljs yksx QkbZyksa ,oa MkVk dks Nfr u igqapk lds dsoy i<+ lds ;k vius dEI;wVj ij dkih dj ldsA
usVodZ fizUVj ij fizUV nsus ls igys vo'; ns[k ysa fd isij yxk gS fd ugha ;k dksbZ fizUV isij ds vkHkko esa u Ni ik;k gks ;fn ,slk gks rks fizUVj ls mDr fizUV dks fMyhV djds rc fizUV nsuk pkfg;sA
2.15
UPPCC IT Basics II
tSls gh lwpuk vknku iznku gks tk;s ;k dk;Z lekIr gks tk;s rqjUr 'ks;fjax lekIr dj nsuh pkfg;sA;wtj ds VªLV ds vuqlkj jkbV ijeh'ku ;k jhM vksuyh ijeh'ku nsuh pkfg;ssA
2.16
UPPCC IT Basics II
MS Windows XP / Vista/ Windows 7/Linux - Operating System ¼foUMkst ,Dlih@ foLVk@ ykbusDl&vkijsfVax flLVe½
fo.Mkst foLVk (Windows Vista½ fo.Mkst foLVk esa New user Interface, Security capabilities
dksj vkijsfVax flLVe dh Redesigning dh xbZ gSA usVoZfdax vkZfdVsDpj esa IPV6 (Internet protocol version 6) dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA xzkfQDl fMLIys esa U;w fo.Mkst fMLIys Mªkboj ekMy 3Mh LVkby esa cuk;k x;k gSA u;k Qhpj cSdvi ,.M jhLVksj dks yk;k x;k gS ftlls MkVk bR;kfn dk cSdvi vkfn fy;k tk ldsA fo.Mkst dkuVsDV ckDl ;k vkmVyqd dh ,Msªl cqd dks XML QkjesV esa j[kk x;k gSA fo.Mkst usVehfVax dks fo.Mkst ehfVax Lisl ls fjIysl dj fn;k x;k gSA isUV czq'k esa Øksi dk u;k QUd'ku tksM+k x;k gS rFkk vUMw vkI'ku 3 ls c<+kdj 10 dj fn;s x;s gSaA fo.Mkst oMZiSM esa Lihp fjdksXUkkbtj beIyhesaV fd;k x;k gSA fo.Mkst ehfM;k Iys;j 11 dk iz;ksax fd;k x;k gS rFkk Sound Recorder esa -WMA QkjesV dk lekos'k gqvk gSA MkVusV 3-0 dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA ,DlIyksjj ds ek/;e ls lhMh rFkk MhohMh jkbV dh tk ldrh gSaA fo.Mkst esa ubZ Fire-Wall dk lekos'k gqvk gS rFkk u;s Fonts bR;kfn Hkh Mkys x;s gSaA fo.Mkst 7 (Windows 7 ½
fo.Nkst 7 dks fo.Mkst ,Dlih ,oa loZj 2003 ds estj QhplZ dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA Windows Calendar, Windows Mail, Windows Movie Maker, rFkk Windows Photo Gallery dks Mªki dj fn;k gS rFkk lc dks free Windows Live Essentials suite ds #i esa j[kk x;k gSA fo.Mkst 7 dh dqN LØhu 'kkV~l fuEu gSa&
2.17
UPPCC IT Basics II
LVkZV VkLdckj fuEu gS&
fo.Mkst foLVk ls vc yksx fo.Mkst 7 ij fLop dj jgs gSaA fo.Mkst 7 ds fy;s de ls de gkMZos;j dh vko';drk fuEu gS&
Minimum hardware requirements for Windows 7
Architecture 32-bit 64-bit
Processor speed 1 GHz processor
Memory (RAM) 1 GB of RAM 2 GB of RAM
Graphics card Support for DirectX 9 graphics device with 128 MB of graphics memory (for Windows Aero)
HDD free space 16 GB of available disk space 20 GB of available disk space
Optical drive DVD drive (only to install from DVD/CD Media)
ykbusDl (Linux½ykbusDl vkijsfVax flLVe usVodZ gsrq ,d vPNk OS gSA ;g dek.M izkEiV rFkk th;wvkbZ vFkkZr fo.Mkst tSlk okrkoj.k iznku djrk gSA ;g ,d ykblsal Qzh vksiu lkslZ vkijsfVax flLVe gSA blesa
2.18
UPPCC IT Basics II
fo.Mkst ls Qkby 'ks;fjax bR;kfn ds fy;s lkaHkk loZj dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA lhik ykbusDl csl lk¶Vos;j gSA
(a) LVkVZ 'kVMkmu o jhLVkVZ (Start, Shutdown and restart) LVkVZ (S tart) foUMkst dks LVkVZ djus ds fy;s dEI;wVj dh ikoj vku djrs gh MsLdVkWi [kqy tkrk gSA'kVMkmu ( Shutdown )
foUMkst dks 'kVMkmu djus ds fy;s LVkVZ cVu ij fDyd djsa blds ckn ^VuZ vkQ dEI;wVj* ij fDyd djsa fQj nwljh LØhu esa ^VuZ vkQ* ij fDyd djrs gh dEI;wVj cUn gks tkrk gSA
Windows XP
jhLVkVZ Restart-jhLVkVZ ( Restart )
foUMkst dks jhLVkVZ djus ds fy;s LVkVZ cVu ij fDyd djsa blds ckn ^VuZ vkQ dEI;wVj* ij fDyd djsa fQj nwljh LØhu esa ^jhLVkVZ* ij fDyd djrs gh dEI;wVj iqu% LVkVZ gks tkrk gSA
fo.MksTk dks [kksyuk ,oa cUn djuk (Start & Shutdown of Windows )
dEI;wVj ikoj vku djRks gh foUMksTk vkijsfVax flLVe yksM gksdj uhps ds fp= T©lh LØhu vkRkh gSA TASK BAR esa START ij fDyd djsaxs Rkks ,d esuw iqy vi gksxk fTkl ij uhps ls 'kV Mkmu] ju] gsYi] QkbUM] lsfVax] MkD;wes.V RkFkk izksxzke vkfn fy[kk gksRkk gSA
2.19Start BBotton
Desktop
TaskBar
Shortcut
System Tray & Time Display
Tools text Tip
Start BBotton
UPPCC IT Basics II
izksxzkEl (Programs) izksxzkEl ij ekml dk IokbUVj vkRks gh vius vki izksxzke
fo.Mks [kqy Tkk;sxhA dEI;wVj ds vUnj yxh fMLd ij fTkRkus Hkh lk¶Vos;j gksaxs muds uke vkbZdku lfgRk LØhu ij vk Tkk;saxsA dsoy flaxy fDyd ls okafNRk lk¶Vos;j [kqy Tkk;sxkA ml ij dk;Z dj ldRks gSaAMkD;wesUVl (Documents)
fTkRkuh Hkh Qkbyksa dks SAVE fd;k TkkRkk gS lHkh Qkbysa MkD;wes.Vl ij fDyd djRks gh fn[kk;h iM+sxh viuh Qkby lysDV djds ;gkWa ls Hkh lh/ks [kksyh Tkk ldRkh gSA blesa vfURke 15 MkD;wesUV i=kofy;ksa dh fyLV Hkh fn[kk;h iM+Rkh gSA lpZ (Search)
lpZ ls dksbZ Hkh QksYMj] Qkby] dEI;wVj rFkk bUVjusV ij Rkyk'k dh Tkk ldRkh gSA Qkbyksa dks Rkyk'kus ds dbZ Rkjhds gSa T©ls%& i=kofy;ksa dks mlds uke] fnukad] fooj.k ;k lkbTk bR;kfn ls Rkyk'kk Tkk ldRkk gSaAgsYi (Help)
fo.Mks ds ckjs esa lk/kkj.k Tkkudkjh feyRkh gSA blesa ls 'kh"kZd NkaVdj mlds ckjs esa v©j vf/kd Tkkudkjh izkIRk dj ldRks gSa Aju (Run)
ju dekUM ls ge dksbZ Hkh izksxzke Qkby [kksy ldRks gSaA lkekU; :i ls ¶ykih ;k lh-Mh- jkse ls lk¶Vos;j yksM djus ds fy;s bldk iz;ksx fd;k TkkRkk gSAuksV%& fo.MksTk dks lgh <ax ls ÁkjEHk djuk RkFkk lgh <ax ls cUn djuk pkfg;s vU;Fkk fo.MksTk ds u"V gksus dk Mj jgRkk gSA
(b) MsLd VkWi vkbZdku (Desktop Icons, Recycle Bin, My Computer, My Documents)
ekbZdEI;wVj (My Computer)
2.20
UPPCC IT Basics II
ekbZdEI;wVj ij dEI;wVj ls lEcfU/kRk lHkh fMokbl Tkks dEI;wVj ds lkFk yxh gSa mUgsa Dykfldy LVªSDpj ds :i esa ns[k ldRks gSa RkFkk ;gka ls okafNr Mªkbo dks Mcy fDyd }kjk [kksydj Qkby dks pkyw fd;k tkrk gS rFkk lk¶Vos;j bUlVky fd;k tkrk gSAekbZ usVodZ Iyslsl (My Network Places)
blds }kjk ,d nwljs dEI;wVj ls lwpuk;sa ;k Qkbysa vknku iznku djus esa gkMZos;j v©j lk¶Vos;j dks feyTkqydj (Sharing) iz;ksx djus esa lgk;Rkk Ánku djRkk gSAekbZMkD;wes.Vl (My Documents):-
;fn dksbZ Qkby fcuk QksYMj ds cukRks gSa Rkks og fMQkYV :i ls ekbZ MkD;wes.V QksYMj esa save gks TkkRkh gSA jh&lkbZfdy fcu (Recycle Bin):-
bldh Rkqyuk ?kj esa j[kh MLVfcu ls dj ldRks gSaA fMyhV dh x;h lkjh Qkby jh&lkbZfdy fcu esa TkkRkh gSaA vko';dRkk iM+us ij ;gkWa ls Qkby dks ^jh LVksj* Hkh dj ldRks gSa] ijURkq jh&lkbZfdy fcu dks [kkyh ¼Empty½ djus ds ckn dksbZ Hkh Qkby ;k QksYMj okil ugha fd;k Tkk ldRkkA(c) Minimize, Maximize, Resizing and closing window
VkbfVy ckj (Title Bar) blesa fTkl lUnHkZ esa fo.MksTk gksRkh gS mldk uke ;k lUnHkZ bl ij fy[kk gksRkk gSA VkbfVy ckj dks MªSx djds fo.Mks dks dgha Hkh ewo dj ldRks gSaAVkbfVy ckj ij Mcqy fDyd djus ij foUMks Maximise rFkk Restore ¼NksVh½ gksrh gSAfeuhekbTk (Minimize) ;g fo.Mks dk vkdkj NksVk dj nsRkk gS v©j VkLDckj esa fo.Mks jgRkh gSA
2.21
UPPCC IT Basics II
eSDlekbTk (Maximize) ;g fo.Mks ds vkdkj dks c<+kdj iwjh LØhu ij QSyk nsRkk gSA
jhlkbftax foUMksTk (Resizing Windows) blds }kjk fo.Mks ds vkdkj dks vko';drkuqlkj /kVk;k ;k
c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA bldks jhLVksj foUMks ds vUrZxr gh djuk lEHko gSADyksTk (Close):-
;g [kqyh fo.Mks dks cUn dj nsRkk gSA
ofVZdy LØksyckj (Vertical Scroll Bar) Åij ;k uhps ds ,sjks ds fu'kku ij fDyd djus ij ,d ,d ykbu Åij ;k
uhps ;k chp esa LØksyckDl dks MªSx djds] ;k ,sjks v©j LØksyckDl ds chp esa fDyd djus ij fo.MksTk dk VSDLV Åij uhps LØksy djRkk gSA gkfjTksUVy LØksyckj (Horizental Scroll Bar)
2.22
Title Bar
Menu Bar
Tool Bar
Control MenuBox
Minimize Button
Maximize Button
Close Button
Work Area
Vertical Scroll Bar
Vertical Scroll Box
Vertical Scroll Button
Horrizental Scroll Button
Horrizental Scroll BarHorrizental Scroll Box
Window Frame Border
UPPCC IT Basics II
nk;ha vksj ;k ck;ha vksj ds fu'kku] LØksyckj ;k LØksyckDl RkFkk Rkhj ds fu'kku ds chp esa fDyd djus ls fo.Mks dk VSDLV nk;sa ;k ck;sa LØksy djRkk gSA fo.Mks esa miyC/k lwpuk ds izdkj ds vk/kkj ij LØksyckDl dh yEckbZ LoRk% NksVh ;k cM+h gksRkh jgRkh gSA fo.MksTk Ýse (Windows Frame)
fo.Mks ds ckgj ds pkjksa RkjQ ds ckMZj dks fo.Mks Ýse dgRks gSa ;fn ekml /khjs /khjs blds vkl ikl yk;sa Rkks ekml ds fpUg ¼vkdkj½ esa ifjoRkZu gksRkk gS v©j MªSx djus ij fo.Mks dk lkbTk de ;k T;knk fd;k Tkk ldRkk gSAodZ ,fj;k (Work Area )
fTkl lk¶Vos;j ls lEcaf/kRk fo.Mks [kqyh gS mlds chp dk fjDRk ,fj;k odZ ,fj;k dgykRkk gSA bldk iz;ksx lwpuk Mkyus gsRkq fd;k TkkRkk gSA
(d) Qkby] QksYMj] Mk;jsDVªh&Vªh o Mªkbo (Files and Folders, Directory tree, Drives)Qkby (File)
gj NksVh ;k cM+h lwpuk Tkks dEI;wVj ij lafpRk dh TkkRkh gS og dEI;wVj Qkby ds uke ls Tkkuh TkkRkh gSaA dEI;wVj Qkby dk uke ^fo"k; oLrq* ls feyrk&tqyrk j[kuk pkfg;sA izR;sd Qkby dk ,d uke gksRkk gS Tkks vf/kdRke 11 djsDVj dk gksRkk gSA uke nks Hkkxksa esa foHkDRk gksRks gSa izFke Hkkx esa Qkby dk uke Tkks fd vf/kdRke 8 djsDVj dk gks ldRkk gS] RkFkk nwljk Hkkx ,DLVsU'ku dgykRkk gS Tkks vf/kdRke Rkhu vad dk gksRkk gSA foLRkkj uke ¼Extention Name½ dEI;wVj lk¶Vos;j iSdsTk ds vuqlkj Loa; yxk nsRkk gS T©ls%& .PRG, .DBF, .PPT, .TXT vkfnA
CRIMEFIL.DOC
Qkby dk uke ,DLVsU'ku
Qkby dk uke fy[kus ds dqN fu;e 1- Qkby ds uke ds fy[kus dks fy;s A ls Z Rkd cM+s ;k NksVs
ysVlZ] 0 ls 9 Rkd vad] v©j fo'ks"k djsDVj T©ls $ & # @ ! % dk iz;ksx djRks gSaA
2. nks djsDVj ds chp [kkyh Tkxg (CySad Lisl) ugha gksuh pkfg;sA
3. ; : . / \ [ ] + < > = * vkfn fpUgksa dk iz;ksx ofTkZRk gSA4. ( . ) MkV dk iz;ksx dsoy ,d ckj dj ldRks gSaA5. COM, COM1, COM2,COM3 COM4, AVX, LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, PRN,
NUL ;s dEI;wVj ds fjTkoZ 'kCn gksRks gSa ;fn vko';dRkk
2.23
UPPCC IT Basics II
iM+s Rkks bues vkxs ;k ihNs djsDVj yxkdj Qkby dk uke ns ldRks gSaAfTku Qkbyksa dk ,dLVsU'ku .EXE, .COM, .BAT gksRkk gS
bUgsa dEI;wVj fo'ks"k nTkkZ nsRkk gS RkFkk ,fDTkD;wV djRkk gSAMk;jsDVªh@ QksYMj] Mk;jsDVªh&Vªh (Directory / Folder, Directory Tree)
QksYMj esa MkVk bUVªh dk dk;Z ugh fd;k tkrk cfYd Qkbyks dks j[kus gsrq cuk;k tkrk gS] bls Mk;jsDVªh Hkh dgrs gSaA Tkc dEI;wVj ij Qkbyksa dh la[;k vf/kd gks TkkRkh gS Rkks izk;% vyx&vyx Mk;jsDVªh esa vyx&vyx fo"k; dh lkjh Qkbysa ,d Tkxg ij j[kRks gSa Rkkfd vklkuh ls <wWa<+k Tkk ldsA Mk;jsDVªh esa dbZ lc&Mk;jsDVªh rFkk lc&Mk;jsDVªh ds vUnj v©j lc&Mk;jsDVªh cuk;h Tkk ldRkh gSaA bls gh Mk;jsDVªh&Vªh dgrs gSA ftl izdkj ?kj esa fofHké lkekuksa dks j[kus ds fy;s fofHké vkyekfj;ka‚ gksRkh gSa Bhd mlh izdkj dEI;wVj dh gkMZ fMLd ij Qkbysa j[kus ds fy;s vkyekfj;ka fufeZRk dh TkkRkh gSa ;g vkyekfj;kaW gh Mk;jsDVªh vFkok QksYMj dgykRkh gSaA ,d Mk;jsDVªh ds vUnj ,d gh uke dh nks Qkbysa dHkh ugha gks ldRkh gSaA
Mªkbo (Drives) dEI;wVj dh lHkh eseksjh fMokbZl dks Mªkbol dgrs gS
ftUgs My Computer ;k Window Explorer ls ns[kk tk ldrk gSa] izR;sd fMokbZl ,d uke ¼Alphabat½ ls tkuh tkrh gSA tSls& gkMZ fMLd dks C] Q~ykih dks A vFkok B] lhMh dks D vkfnA (e) Qkby dkih@ ewo djuk¼ Coping/ Moving files between folders and drives )
Window Explorer ds odZ ,fj;k esa ck;sa RkjQ Mªkbo] QksYMj bR;kfn ,d mYVs isM+ dh 'kk[kkvksa ds :i esa fn[kk;h iM+Rks gSaA gkMZ fMLd ;k :V esa Qkby@ QksYMj gksRks gSaA ,d QksYMj ds vUnj dbZ Qkbysa@ lc QksYMj Hkh gks ldRks gSa A ftl Qkby dks dkih@ ewo djuk gks mls igys lySDV dj ysrs gSA
2.24
UPPCC IT Basics II
,Dliyksjj esa Qkby dks lysDV djus dh fof/k (File Selection Method)
lk/kkj.kRk% Qkby ;k QksYMj ,d ckj ekml dk ck;ka cVu fDyd djus ls lysDV gks TkkRkk gSA Tkc yxkRkkj dbZ Qkbysa ;k NksM+ NksM+ dj chp dh dqN Qkbysa ;k lkjh Qkby lysDV djuh gksRkh gS Rkks fuEu izdkj dj ldRks gSa&iwjh QkbYl lysDV djus dh fof/k (Select All Files)
odZ ,fj;k ds ck;ha RkjQ ls Mªkbo ;k QksYMj dks nks ckj fDyd djsaxs ml Mªkbo ;k QksYMj dh lkjh Qkbysa@ QksYMlZ odZ ,fj;k ds nkfgus RkjQ [kqy Tkk;sxh fQj Åij esuw ckj esa EDIT ij fDyd djsa iqy Mkmu esuw ls ^lysDV vky* (Select All) djRks gh odZ ,fj;k ds nkfgusa RkjQ dh lkjh Qkbysa@QksYMj lysDV gks Tkk;saxs A
yxkRkkj iM+us okyh Qkby dks lysDV djuk (Select Contineous Files)
igys odZ ,fj;k ds ck;sa RkjQ Mªkbo ;k QksYMj dks Mcy fDyd djsa fQj nkfgus RkjQ dh yxkRkkj iM+us okyh Åij ls igyh Qkby lysDV djsa] fQj f'k¶V dh (Shift Key) nckdj Mk;jsD'ku dh ;k ekml dk iz;ksx djds okafNRk vafRke Qkby ij fDyd djsa A chp&chp dh dqN Qkbyksa dks lysDV djus dh fof/k (Select Random Files)
igys odZ ,fj;k ds ck;sa RkjQ okys Hkkx esa okafNRk Mªkbo ;k QksYMj dks Mcy fDyd djds lysDV djsaA fQj odZ ,fj;k ds nkfgusa RkjQ dh igyh Qkby dks lysDV djsa mlds ckn dUVªksy dh
2.25
Tree
Address bar
FolderWorkArea
Status Bar
Horrizental / Vertival Bar
Files/ Folders (Directories)
Menu BarTool Bar
Title Bar
Drives
UPPCC IT Basics II
dks nck;s jgsa ¼bls Rkc Rkd nck;s jgsa Tkc Rkd vafRke okafNRk Qkby lysDV u gks Tkk;s½ og fTku i=kofy;ksa dks lysDV djuk gS ogkWa ij ekml dk IokbUVj fDyd djsaA
Qkby @ QksYMj dks dkih djuk (Copy Files / Folders) Qkby ;k QksYMj dkih djus ds fy;s & okafNRk Qkbyksa dks Åij cRkk;h x;h fof/k ds vuqlkj lysDV
djsaA fQj jkbV cVu fDyd djsa dV ;k dkih dk fodYi vko';dRkkuqlkj
pqusa ;k lh/ks Vwyckj ls dSaph ;k dkih ds vkbZdku ij fDyd djsa ;k fQj Åij esU;wckj ls ,fMV dks fDyd dj ds dkih ;k dV dk fodYi pqusaA
dkih dh xbZ Qkby dks fTkl Mªkbo ;k QksYMj ij dkih djuk pkgRks gks mls Mcy fDyd djds [kksysa fQj odZ ,fj;k dh nkfgusa Hkkx dh RkjQ ekml dk nkfguk cVu fDyd djsa ;k Åij Vwyckj esa isLV ds vkbdku ij fDyd djsa ;k Åij esU;wckj esa ,fMV ij fDyd djds isLV ij fDyd djsaA fDyd djRks gh mDRk Mªkbo ;k QksYMj esa okafNRk Qkby ewo ;k dkih gks Tkk;sxhA
uksV%& fTku Qkbyksa@QksYMj ds ckjs esa fuf'pRk Tkkudkjh ugha gS mUgsa b/kj m/kj dV] ewo ;k fMyhV u djsa vU;Fkk fo.MksTk vkijsfVxa flLVe dh i=kofy;kWa u"V gks Tkk;sxh v©j fo.MksTk iqu% yksM djuk iM+sxkA
(f) Qkby@QksYMj dk uke cnyuk ;k gVkuk (Renaming, Deleting files and folders)
uke cnyuk (Rename ) ;fn fdlh Qkby@QksYMj dk uke cnyuk pkgRks gSa Rkks
mls ,d ckj fDyd djds lysDV djsaA ekml IokbUVj ogha ij j[ksa v©j lkFk gh nk;k cVu fDyd djsa Rkks ,d 'kkVZdV esU;w [kqysxkA ogk fjuse ij fDyd djsa Rkks ns[ksaxs Tkgk Qkby ;k QksYMj dk uke fy[kk gS ogkWa djlj fVefVek ¼Blink½ jgk gksxk Rkc mldk uke cny ldRks gSaA uke cnyus dh nwljh fof/k esa vki Åij esU;wckj ls Qkby ij fDyd djsa Rkks Qkby dk esU;w iqy Mkmu gks Tkk;sxk ogkWa ls fjuse ij fDyd dj ds Hkh Qkby dk uke cnyk Tkk ldRkk gSA
fMyhV djuk (Delete) fTku Qkby ;k QksYMj dks fMyhV djuk gks mUgsa igys
lysDV dj ysa fQj fMyhV dh ,d ckj nck;sa ;k Åij ,fMV esU;w dks fDyd dj ds fMyhV fDyd djsaA ;gka dEI;wVj iwNRkk gS fd D;k okLRko esa i=koyh fMyhV djuk pkgRks gSa ? "Are you Sure you want
2.26
UPPCC IT Basics II
to send .Doc to Recycle Bin ?." Yes/ No ;fn vki i=koyh fMyhV djuk pkgRks gSa Rkks Yes ij ekml cVu nck;sa ;k ugha djuk pkgRks gSa No ij fDyd djsaA (g) Qkby@QksYMj dks ryk'kuk (Searching, Finding files/ folders )
blds fy;s LVkVZ cVu ij fDyd djsxsa rr~i'pkr lpZ ij fDyd djsaxsA fuEu fo.Mks [kqysxh&
(h) ,Iyhds'ku dks [kksyuk o cUn djuk& (Launching a Application and closing a Application )
fdlh ,Iyhds'ku tSls ekbØkslkWQ~V oMZ dks [kksyus gsrq LVkVZ vky
2.27
bldh lgk;rk ls fiDpj E;wftd ;k ohfM;ks] MkD;wesaVl] vky QkbZYl ,.M QksYMlZ] usVodZ esa dEI;wVj bR;kfn dks lpZ dj ldrs gSaA vky QkbZYl ,.M QksYMlZ* dh lgk;rk ls fdlh Hkh QkbZy ;k QksYMj dks lpZ dj ldrs gSa igys Qkby dk uke FkksM+k cgqr tks Hkh ;kn gS fy[krs gSa fQj ;fn vko';d gks rks 'W ord or Phrase in the File' ds Texr Box esa ml Qkby ds vUnj fy[ks fo'ks"k 'kCn dks fy[krs gSa rFkk yqd bu esa Mªkbo lysDV djrs gSaA lkbZt ,oa frfFk ds vk/kkj ij Hkh Qkby ;k QksYMj dks <w<+k tk ldrk gSA
UPPCC IT Basics II
izksxzkEl ,e,l oMZ ij fDyd djsaxssA oMZ ,Iyhds'ku dh fo.Mks ,d u;s MksD;wesUV ds lkFk [kqy tk;sxhA Qkby Dykst cVu ij fDyd djus ij Qkby lso djus gsrq Mk;ykWx ckDl iznf'kZr gksxk vxj Qkby lso djuh gks rks uke nsdj lso dj ys vU;Fkk No cVu ij fDyd djus ls ,Iyhds'ku cUn gks tk;sxhA
(i) VkLdckj dh lsfVax] le; o fnukad cnyuk (Taskbar Setting up/ changing date and time)
VkLdckj dh lsfVax (Setting of Taskbar)
VkLdckj ij ekml dk nkfguk cVu fDyd djus ls fp=kuqlkj fLdzu iznf'kZr gksxh ftlls vko';drkuqlkj fodYi dk p;u dj vius VkLdckj ij bUgsa tksM+ ldrs gSaA le; o fnukad cnyuk (changing date and time) ;g VkLdckj dk nkfguk Hkkx gSA ftlesa flLVEk }kjk orZeku esa vLFkkbZ eeksjh ¼jSe½ esa yksMsM izksxzke RkFkk le; bR;kfn fn[kk;h iM+rk gS tcfd VkLdckj esa tks izksxzke ;wtj ds }kjk [kksys tkrs gSa og fn[kk;h iM+rs gSaA le; ,oa fnukad cnyus ds fy;s DykWd ij Mcy fDyd djsaA fp=kuqlkj okafNr ekg] o"kZ] fnukad rFkk le; dks lysDV djds cny ldrs gSaA
2.28
UPPCC IT Basics II
MS Word ( ,e-,l-oMZ ) (a) u;h i=koyh cukuk (Creating the New Document ) ,e-,l-oMZ esa fuEu rjhdksa ls u;h i=koyh cuk;h tk ldrh gS%&
Qkby esuw esa New fodYi dks fDyd djds LVs.MMZZ Vwyckj esa New cVu dks fDyd djds VkLd iSu esa New fodYi esas Blank Document fodYi ij fDyd
djds
(b) igys ls cuh i=koyh dks [kksyuk (Open an Existing File) Qkby esuw dks fDyd djsa iznf'kZRk gksus okys iqy&Mkmu esuw ds fupys Hkkx esa mu pkj Qkbyksa dh lwph] QksYMj ds uke ds lkFk] vafdRk gksxh tks vHkh gky gh esa [kksyh Tkk pqdh gSa] ;fn okafNRk Qkby bl lwph esa miyC/k gS rks mls fDyd djsaA lEcfU/kr Qkby oMZ esa [kqy Tkk;sxh v©j ;fn lEcfU/kRk Qkby bl lwph esa miyC/k ugh gS rks ‘Open’ fodYi dks fDyd djsa blls ‘Open’ Mk;ykx ckDl fp=&2-1 ds vuqlkj iznf'kZRk gksxkA
bl Mk;ykx ckDl esa lEcfU/kRk QksYMj ls lEcfU/kRk Qkby p;fuRk djds ‘Open’cVu fDyd djus ls okafNRk Qkby oMZ esa [kqy Tkk;sxhA(c) ys[k dks lafpRk djuk (Saving a Document )
ys[k ds iwjk gksus ij] lafpRk djus ds fy, Qkby esuw ds ‘Save As’ fodYi ij fDyd djsa fp= 2-2 ds vuqlkj ‘Save As’ Mk;ykx ckDl iznf'kZRk gksxkA Mk;ykx ckDl esa ‘File name’ ds lEeq[k ckDl esa Qkby dk uke Vkbi djds ‘Save’ cVu fDyd dj nsa T©ls fp= esa training uke dh Qkby dks ‘My Document ’ uke ds QksYMj esa lafapr fd;k tk jgk gS ;fn ekStwnk QkssYMj ‘My Documents’ ds LFkku ij dksbZ fp= 2.2vU; QksYMj lysDV fd;k tkrk gS rks ‘Save in’ ds lEEkq[k fyLV &ckDl ls vU; QksYMj Hkh lysDV fd;k tk ldrk gSA
2.29
fp=&2.1
UPPCC IT Basics II
fo'ks"k& ys[k dks ,d ckj fdlh uke ds lkFk lafpr dj fn;s tkus ds i'pkr+ lEikndh; dk;Z ds mijkUr ‘Save’ fodYi dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS vFkok dh&cksMZ ls ‘Ctrl+S’ dek.M fuxZr fd;k tkrk gSA bl dek.M ls ‘Save As’ Mk;ykx ckDl iznf'Zkr ugha gksxkA
2.30
UPPCC IT Basics II
(d) ys[k Vkbi djuk (Entering the Text ) oMZ ds [kkyh iés ij Vkbi dk dk;Z Vkbi&jkbVj ds leku gh fd;k TkkRkk gSA
VSc cVu dks ,d ckj nck;sa Rkkfd iSjkxzkQ vkjEHk djus ds LFkku ij bUlZ'ku IokbUVj(dlZj) igqap Tkk;sA vc Vkbi dk dk;Z vkjEHk djs] Tkc Rkd iSjkxzkQ iwjk u gks Tkk;s Rkc Rkd Vkbi djrs tk;saA Vkbi djrs le; ,UVj cVu nckus dh vko';dRkk ugh gSA ykbu lekIRk gksrs gh dlZj vxyh ykbu esa LoRk% igqap Tkk;sxkA ;fn dksbZ 'kCn ykbu ds vURk esa iw.kZRk% lek;ksftr ugh gks ik jgk gS rks og 'kCn nwljh ykbu esa pyk vk;sxk v©j ml 'kCn ls fjDRk gq, LFkku dks ykbu ds vU; 'kCn QSy dj iwjk dj nsaxs- ;g fdz;k ‘Word Wrap’ dgykRkh gSA fTkl izdkj ,d ykbu iwjh gksus ij dlZj vxyh ykbu ij TkkRkk gS mlh izdkj i`"B iwjk gksus ij dlZj vxys i`"B ij Lor% pyk TkkRkk gSaAVSDLV dks lysDV djuk (Selecting Text )
fdlh ys[k ds 'kCn] okD;] ykbu] iSjkxzkQ] va'k vFkok iwjs ds iwjs ys[k ds lkFk Tkc ,d gh izdkj dh dk;Zokgh djus dh Tk:jRk iM+Rkh gS rks mRkus fgLls dks igys lysDV fd;k TkkRkk gS fuEu Rkjhdksa ls Text dks select fd;k TkkRkk gS%&
dk;Z fof/klknk Text Text ds izkjEHk esa ekml ds cVu dks nck;sa v©j
cVu nck;s & nck;s gh Text ds vURk Rkd pys Tkk;sa] TkgWak Rkd ds VSDLV dks lysDV djuk gSA
'kCn (Word) fdlh 'kCn ij dgha Hkh double click djsa A ykbu ¼iafDRk½ ekml ds IokbUVj dks ykbu ds fcYdqy ck;sa yk;sa
IokbUVj dk vkdkj ,d Rkhj ds :i esa cny Tkk;sxk A ekml ds cVu dks nck;sa A
iSjkxzkQ iSjkxzkQ ds izkjEHk esa Double click djuk iSjkxzkQ ij dgha Hkh Triple click djukA
xzkfQd o vU; vkCtSDV
xzkfQd vFkok vkCtSDV ds Åij dgha Hkh ekml ds cVu dks nckukA
ys[k dks feVkuk (Deleting Text ) dlZj ds vkxs ds v{kj feVkus ds fy;s fMyhV dh ,oa dlZj ds
igys dk v{kj feVkus ds fy;s cSd Lisl dh dk iz;ksx djsaA lsysDV Text dks feVkus ds fy;s fMyhV key dk iz;ksx djrs gSa
vFkok ,fMV esuw ls Clear fodYi dks fDyd djsaA
ys[k dk lekos'k (Inserting Text)
2.31
UPPCC IT Basics II
fTkl LFkku ij ys[k esa lekos'k djuk gks ogkW ij dlZj yk;sa] ys[k ds e/; esa 'kCn c<+kus ls nk;ha vksj ds 'kCn vkxs c<+Rks tkrs gSa vkSj u;s 'kCnksa ds fy;s LFkku fjDRk gks tkRkk gSas bl le; oMZ Insert mode esa dk;Z djrk gSA Insert mode ds fy, Insert key dks press djuk pkfg, ¼ status bar esa 'OVR' Button disable jgrk gS½ Overtype mode esa 'kCn igys ls fy[ks gq, text ds Åij fy[k tkrk gSA
<wWa<uk ,oa cnyuk ( Find & Replace ) oMZ esa cuk;h x;h i=koyh esa fy[ks x;s ys[k ds vUrZxr fdlh Hkh ÓCn dks [kkstdj ml ÓCn dks fdlh vU; ÓCn ls cnyk Hkh tk ldrk gSA blds fy;s Edit esuw ls Find fodYi dks fDyd djus ij Find & Replace Mk;ykWx ckDl fp= 2-3 ds vuqlkj iznfÓZr gksrk gS bles Find What okys text ckDl esa og ÓCn ftldks <w<Wauk gS mls fy[kdj Find next cVu ij fDyd djus ls tgkW tgkW og 'kCn i=koyh esa feyrk gS ogkWa&ogkWa oks 'kCn gkbykbV gksrk tkrk gS blh Mk;ykx ckDl ds }kjk 'kCn dks nwljs 'kCn ls cnyk Hkh tk ldrk gS 'kCn dks cnyus ds fy;s Find Mk;ykWx ckDl esa Replace cVu ij fDyd djus ij ftl 'kCn dks cnyuk gS mls Find What okys text ckDl esa rFkk u;s 'kCn dks Replacewith okys text ckDl esa fy[ksaxs Find next cVu ij fDyd djus ij vko';drkuqlkj text izkIr gksus ij fuEukafdr rjhds ls text dks cnysaxs%&
Find next cVu ij fDyd djus ij text highlight gks tk;sxk rFkk Replace cVu ij fDyd djus ij og text u;s text ls cny tk;sxk iqu% ogh 'kCn feyus ij og highlight gks tk;sxk rFkk izR;sd text dks cnyus ds fy;s gj ckj Replace cVu Press djuk gksxkA fp= 2-3
iwjs fy[ks x;s text esa og text lkjh txg ls ,d lkFk cnyus ds fy;s Replae All cVu dks fDyd djsaxs A
dV]dkih]isLV (Cut, Copy, Paste) dV] dkih RkFkk isLV dek.M }kjk i=koyh ij fy[ks gq;s fdlh Hkh va'k dks ckj ckj dgha Hkh ys tk;k tk ldrk gS vFkok fy[ks gq;s fdlh va'k dks i=koyh ds fdlh Hkh LFkku ij ys Tkkus ds fy;s iz;ksx fd;k TkkRkk gS A ;g dek.M LVS.MMZ Vwyckj ij fp= 2-4 ds
2.32
Cut Copy Paste fp= 2.4
UPPCC IT Basics II
vuqlkj vFkok esu eSuw ls ,fMV ds iqyMkmu esuw esa miyC/k jgrs gSaaSaA dkih vFkok dV nksuksa dek.M i=koyh ds fdlh lysDVsM va'k dks vLFkk;h eseksjh esa j[krsa gSaSa] fTkls fDyi cksMZ dgrs gSaA dV dek.M i=koyh ds fdlh va'k dks fDyi cksMZ ij LFkkfiRk dj
nsRkk gS vFkkZRk TkgWak igys Fkk ogkW ls gVk nsRkk gS A blfy;s dV v©j isLV }kjk i=koyh ds ,d va'k dks ogkWa ls gVkdj nwljs LFkku ij ys Tkk;k TkkRkk gS A
dkih dek.M i=koyh ds fdlh va'k dh izfrfyfi cukRkk gS vFkkZRk og va'k vius LFkku ij e©Tkwn jgRkk gS ,oa nwljs LFkku ij Hkh ys Tkk;k TkkRkk gSA
isLV dek.M ekml fDyd djus ls fDyi cksMZ ij LFkkfiRk va'k dlZj ds LFkku vk TkkRkk gSA
,d ckj fdlh va'k dks isLV dj nsus ij og fDyi ckssMZ dh eseksjh esa e©Tkwn jgRkk gS fTkls fTkRkuh ckj pkgsa isLV fd;k Tkk ldRkk gS A
dV] dkih ,oa isLV dh fof/ k ( Method of Cut Copy Paste ) loZizFke fuf'pr va'k dks lysDV djsaA ekml dk IokbaVj dV vFkok dkih ij ys Tkkdj fDyd djsa fuf'pr
va'k dks TkgWak ij isLV djuk gS ogWak ij dlZj ys Tkk;saA isLV cVu ij IokbaVj ys Tkkdj fDyd djsaA
MzªSx v©j Mªzki]dkih@ ewo ( Drag and Drop ,Copy /Move ) MªSx v©j Mªki fof/k }kjk i=koyh ;k fdlh va'k ;k vkCTkSDV
dks ekml dh lgk;Rkk ls RofjRk xfRk ls i=koyh ds fdlh vU; Hkkx ij igqapk;k TkkRkk gS AMSªx v©j Mªki djus ds fy;s fuEu dk;Zokgh dh TkkRkh gS%&
i=koyh ds ml Hkkx dks lysDV djsa fTkls vU; LFkku ij ys Tkkuk gSA
lsysDV fd;s x;s va'k ds fdlh Hkh Hkkx ij ekml ds IokbUVj dks ys Tkk;sa IokbUVj dk vkdkj Rkhj ds fu'kku esa cny TkkRkk gS A
ekml ds cVu dks nck;sa v©j ¼MSªx dfj;s½ vFkkZRk ekml dk cVu nck;s nck;s gh ?klhV dj ml LFkku ij ys Tkk;sa TkgWak ij lsysfDVM va'k dks ys Tkkuk pkgrs gSaA
ekml dk nck gqvk cVu NksM+ nsaA Ctrl dh ds lkFk ekml dks MªzSx djus ls lsysDVsM va'k nwljs
LFkku ds lkFk lkFk igys LFkku ij Hkh jgRkk gS vFkkZRk dkih gks TkkRkk gSA
vfHkys[k esa ewo djuk (Moving Around in a Document)
2.33
UPPCC IT Basics II
vfHkys[k esa Åij uhps nkfgus ck;sa Tkkus ds fuEu Rkjhds gSa&dk;Z ekml dh lgk;Rkk ls dh cksMZ ds }kjk
,d ykbu Åij vFkok uhps Tkkuk
ofVZdy Ldzkyckj ds Åij ;k uhps ds ,sjks dks nckdj A
dh cksMZ ij nh x;h UP ;k Down Key dks nckukA
,d LØhu mij vFkok uhps Tkkuk
ofVZdy Ldzkyckj ds e/; esa cus fjcu dks idM+ dj Åij vFkok uhps MSªx djus ls A
dh cksMZ ij cus gq, Page UP cVu o Page Down cVu }kjkA
i=koyh ds izkjEHk vFkok vURk esa Tkkuk
Scrollbar ij cus gq;s ckDl dks MSªx ¼Drag½ djdsA
Ctrl+Home dh dks nckus ij i=koyh dk izkjEHk dk vkjEHk vk Tkk;sxk v©j Ctrl+End dks nckus ij i=koyh ds vURk esa pyk Tkk;sxkA
iSjkxzkQ QkjesafVax (Paragraph Formating) ;fn dksbZ iSjkxzkQ lysDV ugha fd;k x;k gS rks fTkl iSjkxzkQ
ij dlZj gksxk mlh iSjkxzkQ ij QkjesfVax dk izHkko iM+sxk A ;fn ,d lkFk lHkh iSjkxzkQksa ij fo'ks"k izHkko Mkyuk gks rks
lHkh dks igys lysDV djuk gksxkA iSjkxzkQ QkjesV ls lacaf/kRk dek.M QkjesfVax Vwyckj] QkjesV esuw ,oa Quick Menu ij Hkh miyC/k gS A
(e) ,ykbuesUV ( Alignment ) oMZ esa fofHké izdkj ds ,ykbuesUV fd;s Tkk ldrsa gSaA ,ykbuesUV dek.M QkjesfaVx Vwyckj ij miyC/k gksrs gSaA
ckWa;k ,ykbuesUV ( Left alignment ) dEI;wVj Loa; ckWa;k ,ykbuesUV ysRkk gSA blesa ys[ku dh izR;sd
iafDr ckWa;sls Hkkx ,d ,ykbUM gksrh gSAiSjkxzkQ dk nkfguk Hkkx ,d lh/k esa
ughsa gksrk gS A
nkfguk ,ykbuesUV ( Right alignment ) ck;kW ,ykbuesUV dk mYVk gksrk gSA blesa ys[ku dh izR;sd iafDRknk;sa ls ,ykbUM gksrh gSA iSjkxzkQ dh iafDRk;kWa cka;h vksj ls ,d lh/k esa ugh gksrh gSaA
2.34
B
UPPCC IT Basics II
lsUVj ,ykbuesUV (Center alignment ) iSjkxzkQ dh izR;sd iafDRk isTk ds e/; ls ,ykbUM gksrh gSA bldks izk;% lsaUVj esa gSfaMx vkfn fy[kus ds fy;s iz;ksx gksrk gSA t LVhQkbZ (Justify) bl izdkj ds ,ykbuesUV esa iSjkxzkQ dh izR;sd iafDRk nkfguh vksj v©j ckWa;h vksj nksuksa ls ,ykbUM gksrh gSa A
(f) 'kCn lajpuk (Character Format ) fdlh 'kCn dh lajpuk esa ifjoRkZu ds fy;s QkjesafVax dek.M
Vwyckj ij miyC/k jgrsa gSaSaA QkjesV esuw ds QkWaUV fodYi esa Hkh ;g dek.M miyC/k jgrs
gSaSaA fDod esuw }kjk Hkh QkUV dek.M izkIr fd;k Tkk ldRkk gSA
fdlh 'kCn lajpuk esa fo'ks"k izHkko Mkyus ds fy;s ml Hkkx dks lysDV djsa fTkl ij fo'ks"k izHkko Mkyuk gks A
tks izHkko Mkyuk gks ml ij ekml dk cVu ykdj fDyd djsa A 'kCnksa ds fo'ks"k izHkko Mkyus okys fuEu fyf[kRk dek.M
miyC/k gSa%&a
cksYM djuk (Bold effect) bl dek.M ds }kjk lysDV fd;k gqvk i=koyh dk va'k
;k 'kCn xk<+k RkFkk dqN cM+k gks TkkRkk gSA
fRkjNk izHkko ( Itailic Effect ) bl dek.M ds }kjk 'kCnksa dh lajpuk fRkjNh gks tkRkh gSA
js[kkafdRk djuk (Under line Effect) bl dek.M }kjk lysDV fd;s x;s va'k ds uhps js[kk cu TkkRkh
gSA LVªkbdFkzw (Strikethrough)
fdlh 'kCn dks ,d ykbu ls dkVus ds fy;s ml 'kCndks lysDV djds Format esuw ds Font fodYi ij fDyddjsa A fp= 2-5 ds vuqlkj Mk;ykx ckDl izznf'kZr gksxk mlesa Strikethrough okys psd ckDl ij fDyd djus ls ckDl ds vUnj lgh dk fu'kku yx Tkk;sxk fQj ok cVu ij fDyd djsaA T©ls Maximum
2.35
I
U
fp= 2-5
UPPCC IT Basics II
Mcy LVªkbdFkzw (Double Strikethrough) fdlh 'kCn dks nks ykbu ls dkVus ds fy;s ml 'kCn dks
lysDV djds Format esuw ds Font fodYi ij fDyd djsa Afp= 2-5 ds vuqlkj Mk;ykx ckDl izznf'kZr gksxkA mles double strikethrough okys psd ckDl ij fDyd djus ls ckDl ds vUnj lgh dk fu'kku yx Tkk;sxk fQj ok cVu ij fDyd djsaA T©ls& Maximum
jaxhu izHkko (Colour Effect) fdlh i=koyh esa lysDV fd;s x;s va'k dk jax cnyk Tkk ldRkk
gSA
(g) v{kj dk p;u djuk (Font Select ) blds }kjk 'kCn ds fy[kus ds <ax (Style)
dks cnyk Tkk ldRkk gS fp= 2-6 ds vuqlkj fTklRkjg ls pkgsa ml izdkj ds v{kjksa dks lysDV fd;kTkkRkk gSA
vkdkj ?kVkuk o c<+kuk ( Size Effect ) bl dek.M ds }kjk fdlh 'kCn ds
vkdkj esa ifjoRkZu fd;k TkkRkk gSAifjoRkZu djusokys Hkkx dks lysDV djsa fQj fp= 2-7 dsvuqlkj QkUV lkbTk dks fDyd djsa RkFkk tks vkdkj nsuk pkgsa ogWak ij ekml dk IokbUVj ykdj fDyd djsaA
(h) isTk lajpuk (Formatting Page) isTk esa ekfTkZu] isij lkbt o ys vkmV vkfn esa ifjoRkZu djus ds fy;s ist lSfVax dk iz;ksx djrs gSa A
isTk lsfVax djus gsRkq File Menu ds isTk Setup dek.M ij Tkkdj ekml dk cVu nck;sa ,slk djus ij Page setup Dialog Box fp= 2-8 ds vuqlkj [kqy Tkk;sxk fTkldh lgk;Rkk ls vko';dRkkuqlkj ys[k dk isTk lsV dj ldrs gSa A
2.36
fp= 2-6
fp= 2-7
A▼
UPPCC IT Basics II
fp= 2.8(i) fiDpj rFkk flEcy dk lekos'k djuk (Inserting Picture and Symbal)
Symbol Mkyuk ftl txg ij Symbol Mkyuk gks ogkWa dlZj j[ksa rRi'pkr~ Insert esuw ls Symbol dekUM ij fDyd djsaA Symbol Mk;Wykx ckDl ls okafNr Symbol lySDV djds OK cVu ij fDyd djus ls lySDVsM symbol bUlVZ gks tk;sxkA
Picture Mkyuk ftl txg ij fiDpj Mkyuk gks ogkWa dlZj j[ksa rRi'pkr~ Insert esuw ls Picture dekUM ij fDyd djds Clip art (dEi;wVj esa LFkkfir fiDpj) ij fDyd djsa VkLd iSu esa fn;s x;s Search Text ckDl esa lEcfU/kr Topic fy[kdj Search djsa mDr Topic ls lEcfU/kr fiDpj iznZf'kr gks tk;sxh okafNr fiDpj lySDV djds ekml dk nkfguk cVu fDyd djus ij iznZf'kr esuw esa Insert dekUM ij fDyd djus ls fiDpj insert gks tk;sxhA ;fn fdlh Qkby ls fiDpj insert djuk pkgrs gS rks From File dekUM ij fDyd djds Insert Picture Mk;Wykx ckDl ls okafNr Picture File lySDV djds insert cVu ij fDyd djus ls Picture bUlVZ gks tk;sxhA
(j) cqysV ,oa uEcj (Bullets and Numbers) :-isTk ij fy[ks gq, va'k ds fdlh Hkkx ij cqysV vFkok uEcj dk iz;ksx djuk pkgrsa gSa rks ;g lqfo/kk cqysV ,oa uEcj }kjk izkIRk gksrh gS fdlh ykbu ;k iSjkxzkQ ij ;k rks uEcj Mkys Tkk ldrsa gS vFkok ykbu ;k iSjkxzkQ dh vksj /;ku vkdf"kZRk djus ds fy;s dqN fo'ks"k fpUgksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSa fTkUgs cqysV dgrs gSaA fdlh lwph ij uEcj@cqysV fuEu fof/k }kjk Mkys tk ldrs gSaA blds fy;s igys List Type dj ysa A List dks lysDV djysa v©j fQj uEcj@cqysV okys cVu ij ekml dk
dlZj ykdj nck nsaA iwjh fyLV ij uEcj@cqysV iM+ Tkk;saxs AQkjesV esuw esa cqysV v©j uEcj fodYi dks lysDV djus ij fp= 2.15 ds vuqlkj Mk;ykx ckDl izznf'kZr gksxkA vko';drkuqlkj uEcj@cqysV dks lysDV djds OK cVu dks fDyd djsaA uksV%& lwph esa cus gq, cqysV vFkok uEcj dks lekIRk djus ds fy, cqysV vFkok uEcj ds cVu ij Tkkdj mls nqckjk nckus ij og izHkko lekIRk gks TkkRkk gS vFkok fp= 2.9 ds Mk;ykx ckDl ls None fodYi dks pqusa A
2.37
fp= 2.9
UPPCC IT Basics II
(k) Vscy (Table) ;fn text dks dkye v©j iafDRk;ksa ¼ Rows½ esa fy[kuk gks rks Vscy dk iz;ksx djrs gSa A Vscy esa tgkWa ij dkye v©j iafDRk feyrh gSa ml vk;rkdkj [kkus dks Cell dgrs gSaA Vscy cukus ds ckn mlesa vusd izdkj ls ifjoRkZu fd;k Tkk ldRkk gS T©ls Rows rFkk dkye dh la[;k c<+kdj vFkok ?kVk dj] dkye o Rows dh p©M+kbZ c<+kdj vFkok ?kVk dj ckMZj o 'ksfMax dk izHkko Hkh Mkyk Tkk ldRkk gSA Vscy cukuk (Creating Table) Table esuw dks lsysDV djsaA Insert Table ij ekml dk IokbUVj ykdj nck;sa fp= 2-10 ds vuqlkj Mk;ykx ckDl iznf'kZr gksxkA Vscy esa fTkRkuh Rows vFkok dkye cukus gSa lysDV djsa rFkk OK ij fDyd djsasa A
Vscy esa ifjoRkZu djuk (Modifying a Table) iafDRk ?kVkuk vFkok TkksM+uk ( Add/Remove a Row ) fTkl iafDRk ls Åij ;k uhps ,d vU; iafDRk TkksM+uh gS ml iafDRk dkss Select djsaTable Menu ds Insert- Row Above/ Row Below ij ekml fDyd djus ls ,d iafDRk c<+ Tkk;sxh blh izdkj Delete Row ij ekml fDyd djus ls Vscy esa ls lsysDV dh xbZ iafDRk;ka delete gks Tkk;sxhA dkye tksM+uk vFkok ?kVkuk (Add/ Remove a
Column)dkye c<+kus ds fy, ml dkye dks Select djsa Table Menu esa vkdj Insert -Column left /column right ij ekml fDyd djus ls ,d dkye c<+ Tkk;sxk blh izdkj Delete column ij ekml fDyd djus ls Vscy esa ls lsysDV fd;s x;s dkye delete gks Tkk;sxsaA
(l) Vscy esa fy[ks x;s vkys[k dks Øekuqlkj djuk (Sorting Table ) Vscy esa loZizFke Cell esa fy[ks
x;s vkys[k dks lySDV djsaA Table esuw esa Sort dekUM ij
fDyd djus ij fp= 2-11 ds vuqlkj LØhu iznZf'kr gksrh gS
2.38
fp= 2-10
UPPCC IT Basics II
ftl dkWye dks Sort djuk gks mls Sort By VSDLV ckWDl esa lySDV djs rFkk Type ckDl esa lEcfU/kr MkVk Vkbi lySDV djds okafNr Ascending ¼ vkjksgh ½vFkok Decending¼ vojksgh ½ lySDV djds OK cVu ij fDyd djsaA
(m) gSMj ,oa QqVj (Header & Footer) gSMj ,oa QqVj izR;sd iés esa Åij ¼Top
Header½ vFkok uhps (Bottom Footer½vkrk gSA View Menu ls gSMj&QqVj dek.M dks lysDV djus ij fp= ds vuqlkj Mk;ykx ckDl izznf'kZr gksxkA gSMj isTk ds Åijh ekfTk±u dks QqVj ist ds uhps ds ekftZu dks dgrs gSaA gSMj QqVj Vwyckj Loa; [kqy TkkRkk gSA gSMj ij vko';dRkkuqlkj fy[kdj QkjesV djsa A QqVj ij Tkkus ds fy;s Switch Between Header and Footer cVu dk iz;ksx djsaA QqVj ij vko';dRkkuqlkj fy[kdj QkjesV djsa A
Insert Autotext cVu dh lgk;rk ls isTk uEcj] fnukad] ;k vU; Features dks Header or Footer ij LFkkfir fd;k tk ldrk gSA lkekU; :i ls isTk ij gSMj o QqVj fn[kkbZ ugha nsrs gSaA Page Layout View esa gSMj QqVj gYds jax esa fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA Page Layout izkIRk djus ds fy;s View esuw ls Page Layout View dks lysDV djsaA Page Layout View esa ;fn gSMj o QqVj esa dqN fy[kuk gks rks gSMj vFkok QqVj okys Hkkx ij ekml dk IokbaVj yk dj fDyd djsaA
(n) nks ykbuksa ds e/; Tkxg (Character width & Line Spacing)
izR;sd nks iafDRk;ksa esa e/; tks Tkxg gksrh gSa mls ykbu Lisflax dgrsa gSa A lHkh ykbu Lisflax dek.M QkjesV esuw esa iSjkxzkQ ij miyC/k gSA Character Width ls nks iafDRk;ksa ds cTkk;s nks iSjkxzkQ ds e/; Tkxg cuk ldrsa gSa A dbZ iSjkxzkQ dks ,d lkFk lysDV dj ml ij Hkh bUgsa ykxw fd;k Tkk ldRkk gSAfizO;wwbZax MkD;wes.V (Previewing a Document)
Print Preview MkD;wes.V dks fizUV gksus ls igys dh RkLohj fn[kkRkk gSA fdlh Hkh MkD;wes.V dks fizUV djus ls iwoZ lnSo mldk fizO;w ns[k ysuk pkfg, Rkkfd mlesa tks dfe;kWa gksa mUgsa nwj fd;k Tkk ldsA blls le; o isij dh cpRk dh Tkk ldRkh gSA
2.39
Switch Between Header and Footer
fp= 2-
fp= 2-13
UPPCC IT Basics II
fizUV fizO;w ns[kus ds fy;s LVS.MMZ Vwyckj ds Print Preview cVu dks nck;sa ;k Qkby esuw esa Tkkdj Print Preview dek.M dk iz;ksx djsa] fp= 2.13 ds vuqlkj Mk;ykx ckDl izznf'kZr gksxk A
Print Preview iwjs MkD;wes.V dks LØhu ij fizUV dh n'kk esa fn[kk nsRkk gSA
lkFk gh Print Preview dk Vwyckj Hkh LoRk% LØhu ij vk TkkRkk gS iqu% eq[; MkD;wes.V esa vkus ds fy;s Print Preview Vwyckj ds Close cVu ij fDyd djus ls iwoZoRk fLFkfRk vk Tkk;sxh A
(o) MkD;wesaV dks fizUV djuk ( Print a document ) fdlh ys[k dks fizUV djus ds fy;s
LVSaMMZ Vwy ckj ij cus fizUV cVu dk iz;ksx fd;k TkkRkk gS A fizUV fizO;w ij cus fizUV cVu dk iz;ksx Hkh dj ldrs gSa A ;fn vfHkys[k dbZ i`"Bksa dk gS v©j dksbZ fo'ks"k i`"B fizUV djuk gS rks QkbZy esuw ds fizUV dek.M dks lysDV djsa] fp= 2-14 ds vuqlkj Mk;ykx ckDl izznf'kZr gksxk A ;fn 20 i`"B dh i=koyh gS v©j 1] 3 RkFkk 5 ls ysdj 12 Rkd ds i`"B fizUV djus gSa rks isTk ds lkeus [kkyh LFkku ij dlZj ykdj ¼1]3]5&12½ fy[ksxsa rFkk OK cVu dks fDyd djus ls okafNRk i`"B fizUV gks Tkk;sxsaA
(p) nks i=koyh esa dkih@ewo djuk (Copy & Moving two different Documents) loZizFke fuf'pr va'k dks lysDV djsaA ekml dk IokbaVj dV vFkok dkih ij ys Tkkdj fDyd djsa nwljh i=koyh dks Open djsa o fuf'pr va'k dks TkgWak ij isLV
djuk gS ogWak ij dlZj ys Tkk;saA isLV cVu ij IokbaVj ys Tkkdj fDyd djsaA
(q) ,d lkFk dbZ Hkk"kkvksa es fy[kuk (Typing More than one Langauge )
blds }kjk 'kCn ds rjhds (Type)dks cnyk Tkk ldRkk gS fp= 2-15 ds vuqlkj fTkl Rkjg ls pkgsa ¼fgUnh] bafXy'k vU; dksbZ LFkkuh; Hkk"kk ftl ds
2.40fp= 2-15
fp= 2.14
UPPCC IT Basics II
QkUV vkids dEI;wVj ij miyC/k gks½ ml izdkj ds v{kjksa dks lysDV fd;k TkkRkk gSA
(r) 'kkVZdV dh (Shortcut Keys)Ctrl + A Select all contents of the page.Ctrl + C Copy selected text.Ctrl + X Cut selected text.Ctrl + V, Shift + Insert Paste.Ctrl + B Bold highlighted selection.Ctrl + I Italic highlighted selection.Ctrl + U Underline highlighted selection.Ctrl + L Aligns the line or selected text to the left of the screen.Ctrl + E Aligns the line or selected text to the center of the screen.Ctrl + R Aligns the line or selected text to the right of the screen.
Shift + F3 Change the text in Microsoft Word from upper to lower case or a capital letter at the beginning of every word.
Ctrl + Shift + F Change the font.Ctrl + ] Increase selected font +1pts.Ctrl + [ Decrease selected font -1pts.Ctrl + Y Redo the last action performed.Ctrl + Z Undo last action.F4 Repeat the last action performed (Word 2000+)F7 Spell and grammar check selected text and/or document.Shift + F7 Runs a vocabulary check on the word highlighted.Ctrl + S, Shift + F12 Save.F12 Save as.Ctrl + F2 Display the print preview.Ctrl + P, Ctrl + Shift + F12 Open the print window.Alt + Ctrl + F2 Open new document.Ctrl + Shift + F6 Opens to another open Microsoft Word document.Ctrl + M Indent the paragraph.Ctrl + T Create a hanging indent.Ctrl + Shift + * View or hide non printing characters.Ctrl + F1 Open or Close the Task Pane.
2.41
UPPCC IT Basics II
Ctrl + K Insert link.Ctrl + F Open find box.Ctrl + H Open find Replace box.F5 Open the find, replace, and go to window in Microsoft Word.Ctrl + <left arrow> Moves one word to the left.Ctrl + <right arrow> Moves one word to the right.Ctrl + <up arrow> Moves to the beginning of the line or paragraph.Ctrl + <down arrow> Moves to the end of the paragraph.Ctrl + Del Deletes word to right of cursor.Ctrl + Backspace Deletes word to left of cursor.Ctrl + End Moves the cursor to the end of the document.Ctrl + Home Moves the cursor to the beginning of the document.Alt + Shift + D Insert the current date.Alt + Shift + T Insert the current time.F1 Open Help.
2.42
UPPCC IT Basics II
MS Excel¼,e-,l-,Dlsy½
(a) ,e-,l-,Dlsy dks vkjEHk djuk (Creating the New workbook) ,e-,l-,Dlsy ij dk;Z djus ds fy;s Start Program Microsoft Excel
ij fDyd djus ij ,e-,l ,Dlsy dEI;wVj dh eseksjh esa yksM gks TkkRkk gS ,Dlsy yksM gksus ij fp= 3-1 ds vuqlkj odZcqd 1 iznf'kZRk gksrh gSA
odZcqd (Workbook) ,e-,l- ,Dlsy esa ftl Qkby ij dk;Z fd;k tkrk gS ,oa MkVk dks
LVksj fd;k tkrk gSa mls odZcqd dgrs gSaA,d odZ cqd esa dbZ odZ'khV gksrh gSa Sheet 1, Sheet 2, Sheet 3 vkfn ds uke ls LØhu dh fupyh Hkkx (Status Bar) ij fLFkRk gksrh gSaA
odZ'khV (Work Sheet) ,d odZ'khV cgqRk lkjs dkye ,oa ykbuksa esa foHkkfTkRk
gksrh gS fTklls ;g xzkQ isij dh Rkjg fn[krh gS izR;sd 'khV dk vkdkj 256 dkye RkFkk 65536 ykbuksa dk gksRkk gSA
dkye gsfaMax (Column Heading ½ odZ'khV esa dkWye ds Top ij Letters A,B,C…… vkfn ds :i esa
fy[ks gksrs gSa ftldks dkye gsfMax dgrs gSa A dkWye ds uke A ls IV rd 256 gksrs gSaAjks & gsfaMax (Row-Heading ½
odZ'khV esa izR;sd Row ds ck;sa rjQ uEcj Åij ls uhps 1,2,3…… vkfn ds :i esa fy[ks gksrs gSa ftldks Row gsfMax dgrs gSa A
lsy (Cell)
2.43
odZÓhV
QkewZyk ckjVkLd iSu
ÓhV VSc
Lsky IokbaVj
dkWye gsfMax
jkss gsfMax
Lsky
fp= 3-1
UPPCC IT Basics II
OkdZ'khV ,d xzkQ isij dh Rkjg fn[kus okyk vk;Rkkdkj {ks= gS tks NksVs NksVs lsyksa esa caVk gksRkk gS] fTklesa MkVk j[krs gSa A OkdZ'khV ds [kkuksa dks vius dk;Z ds vuqlkj NksVk cM+k ;k QkjeSV fd;k Tkk ldRkk gSA ,Dlsy esa izR;sd lsy dk viuk Address gksrk gS ftls Cell Address dgrs gSa fTklesa igys dkye dk uke RkFkk ckn esa row dk uEcj gksRkk gSAT©ls%& D8, F2 vkfn & & & &fTklesa D dkye dk uke RkFkk 8 row dk uEcj gSAlsy IokbaVj (Cell Pointer) ,Dlsy dh odZ'khV esa ,d lsy vk;Rkkdkj [kkus dk tks pedRkk fn[kk;h nsRkk gS] lsy IokbaVj ;k ,fDVo lsy dgykRkk gS v©j og ;g ladsRk djRkk gS fd vHkh dh cksMZZ ij tks MkVk Vkbi djsaxs og ,fDVo lsy esa vk;sxk A ;fn MkVk fdlh nwljs lsy esa j[kuk pkgrs gSa rks ,fDVo lsy dks ewo djds ml lsy ij ys Tkk ldrs gSa A QkeZwyk ckj (Formula Bar ½
;g ckj ,fDVo lsy ds dUVsUV~l v©j mudh fLFkfRk fn[kkRkh gS ftl LFkku ij Active Cell dk Cell Address T©ls A4, C39, K145 vkfn iznf'kZRk gksrs gSa mls Name Box dgrs gSa ,oa ftl LFkku ij Active Cell ds Contents & Formula fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa mls Entry Area dgrs gSA Entry Area esa MkVk vafdRk dj ldrs gSaS bl LFkku ij tks MkVk vafdRk fd;k TkkRkk gS og ckn esa Active Cell esa LFkkukURkfjRk gks tkrk gS A
fp= 3.2
(b) igys ls cuh Qkby dks [kksyuk (Open an Existing File) igys ls cuk;s x;s FILE [kksyus ds fy;s Qkby esuw dks fDyd
djsa iznf'kZRk gksus okys iqy&Mkmu esuw ds fupys Hkkx esa mu pkj Qkbyksa dh lwph] QksYMj ds uke ds lkFk] vafdRk gksxh tks vHkh gky gh esa [kksyh Tkk pqdh gSa] ;fn okafNRk Qkby bl lwph esa miyC/k gS rks mls fDyd djsaA lEcfU/kr Qkby ,Dlsy esa [kqy Tkk;sxh v©j ;fn lEcfU/kRk Qkby bl lwph esa miyC/k ugh gS rks ‘Open’ fodYi dks fDyd djsa blls ‘Open’ Mk;ykx ckDl iznf'kZRk gksxkA bl Mk;ykx ckDl esa lEcfU/kRk QksYMj ls lEcfU/kRk Qkby p;fuRk djds ‘Open’cVu fDyd djus ls okafNRk Qkby [kqy Tkk;sxhA(c) Qkby lafpRk djuk (Saving a File )
odZ'khV dks lafpRk djus ds fy, Qkby esuw ds ‘Save As’ fodYi ij fDyd djus ij ‘Save As’ Mk;ykx ckDl iznf'kZRk gksxkAMk;ykx ckDl esa ‘File name’ ds lEeq[k ckDl esa Qkby dk uke Vkbi djds ‘Save’ cVu fDyd dj nsaA
2.44
UPPCC IT Basics II
(d) u;h odZ'khV Mkyuk] gVkuk ,oa uke cnyuk (Creating /Renaming/ Deleting Worksheet)
LØhu dh fupyh Hkkx (Status Bar) ij Sheet Tab dks Right Click djus ij Insert }kjk vko';dRkkuqlkj odZ'khV dh la[;k c<kbZ o Delete }kjk ?kVkbZ Tkk ldRkh gS RkFkk Rename }kjk bPNkuqlkj ukfeRk Hkh fd;k Tkk ldRkk gSA(e) MkVk ds izdkj (Type of Data )
,Dlsy odZ'khV esa lsy esa tks MkVk izfo"V djk;k TkkRkk gS og ik¡p izdkj dk gksrk gSA
la[;k (Numbers) 0&9] n'keyo(. )] #, %, +, -, /, ( )
ys[k (Text) A - Z , character(A-Z) ,oa numbers dk feJ.k
fnuk¡d (Date) le; (Time) QkeZwyk (Formula)
(f) lsy esa MkVk dh izfof"V (Entering Data in a Cell) fdlh lsy esa MkVk dh izfof"V ds lEcU/k esa fuEu dk;Zokgh
visf{kRk gS&loZizFke MkVk izfof"V fd;s Tkkus okys lsy dks ekml }kjk lysDV fd;k TkkRkk gS dh&cksMZ dh lgk;Rkk ls MkVk izfof"V djuk izkjEHk djsaA dh&cksMZZ dh lgk;Rkk ls Tkc MkVk dh izfof"V dh TkkRkh gS rks QkeZwyk ckj esa mldh izfof"V gksrh gS mlds lkFk gh lkFk p;fuRk lsy esa MkVk iznf'kZRk gksrk gSA MkVk esa fdlh izdkj dk la'kks/ku dk dk;Z QkeZwyk ckj esa Hkh fd;k Tkk ldRkk gSAMkVk izfof"V vFkok lEiknu dh lekfIRk ij dh&cksMZ dk ,UVj cVu nck;saA (g) lsYl lwpuk dks fMyhV djuk (Delete the Data of Cells )
fTkl lsy vFkok lsy lewg ds dUVsUV~l dks feVkuk gS mls lysDV djsa] esuwckj ls Edit esuw esa Clear fodYi dks fDyd djus ij lsy dk dUVsUV~l feV Tkk;sxk vFkok fMyhV Key dks nckus ij dUVsUV~l feV Tkk;sxkA<wWa<uk ,oa cnyuk ( Find & Replace ) fy[ks x;s MkVk ds vUrZxr fdlh Hkh ÓCn dks [kkstdj ml ÓCn dks fdlh vU; ÓCn ls cnyk Hkh tk ldrk gSA blds fy;s Edit esuw ls Find fodYi dks fDyd djus ij Find & Replace Mk;ykWx ckDl iznfÓZr gksrk gS bles Find What okys text ckDl esa og ÓCn ftldks <w<Wauk gS mls fy[kdj Find next cVu ij fDyd djus ls tgkW tgkW og 'kCn feyrk gS ogkWa&ogkWa oks 'kCn gkbykbV gksrk tkrk gS blh Mk;ykx ckDl ds }kjk 'kCn dks nwljs 'kCn ls cnyk Hkh tk ldrk
2.45
UPPCC IT Basics II
gS 'kCn dks cnyus ds fy;s Find Mk;ykWx ckDl esa Replace cVu ij fDyd djus ij ftl 'kCn dks cnyuk gS mls Find What okys text ckDl esa rFkk u;s 'kCn dks Replacewith okys text ckDl esa fy[ksaxs Replace cVu ij fDyd djus ij mDr text cny tkrk gSA
lsYl lwpuk dks dkih@ewo djuk (Copying and Moving the Data of Cells)
,Dlsy dh odZ'khV esa dk;Z djrs le; izk;% lsy vFkok lsy ds lewg ds MkVk dks ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij dkih vFkok ewo djus dh vko';dRkk iM+Rkh gS ;g dk;Z fuEu fof/k;ksa }kjk fd;k Tkk ldRkk gS&dV]dkih]isLV dek.M }kjk (Using Cut, Copy, Paste command)
fTku lsyksa ds dUVsUV~l copy/move djuk pkgrs gSa mUgsa ekml }kjk lysDV djsaA esuwckj ij fLFkRk Edit esuw dks fDyd djsa mi esuw ls Copy/Cut fodYi dks ekml }kjk fDyd djsa vFkok LVSaMMZ Vwyckj esa cus Copy/Cut cVu ij ekml }kjk fDyd djsaA Copy/Cut nksuksa dek.M lysDVsM va'k dks vLFkk;h eseksjh esa j[krsa gSaSa] fTkls fDyi cksMZ dgrs gSaA ekml dk IokbUVj ml LFkku ij j[ksa TkgkWa ij dUVsUV~l dks copy/move djuk gSA iqu% esuwckj ij fLFkRk Edit esuw ij fDyd djsa v©j iznf'kZRk gksus okys mi esuw ls Paste fodYi dks fDyd djsa vFkok LVSaMMZ Vwyckj esa cusa Paste cVu ij fDyd djsaA bl fof/k ls lysDV fd;s x;s lsy vFkok lsy lewg dk MkVk u;s LFkku ij copy/move gks tk;sxk AMzªSx v©j Mªzki }kjk ( Copy /Move by Dragging )
fTku lsyksa ds dUVsUV~l move djuk pkgrs gSa mUgsa ekml }kjk lysDV djs] lysDV fd;s x;s lsYl ds ckDl dks idM+dj Msªx djds ml LFkku Rkd ys Tkk;sa Tkgk¡ ;s dUVsUV~l ys Tkkuk pkgrs gSa vc ;g dUVsUV~l nwljh Tkxg fn[kk;h nsaxs Copy djus ds fy, ,d gkFk ls Ctrl Key dks nck dj nwljs gkFk ls ekml }kjk lysDV fd, x, lsYl ds ckDl dks idM+dj MSªx djds ml LFkku Rkd ys Tkk;sa Tkgk¡ ;s dUVsUV~l Copy djuk pkgrs gSa okafNRk LFkku ij igqWp dj nksuska cVuksa dks NksM+ nsa vc ;g dUVsUV~l nksuks Tkxg fn[kk;h nsaxs ;g MSªx ,oa Mªzki fof/k dgykRkh gSA
(h) QkjesfaVax (Formatting ) ,Dlsy odZ'khV esa Formatting djus dh fuEu fof/k;kWa gSa
Format menu }kjk
2.46
UPPCC IT Basics II
Formatting Toolbar }kjk AutoFormat Feature }kjk
QkjeSV esuw }kjk (Using Format Menu)
,Dlsy odZ'khV esa fTku lsYl dks QkjesV djuk gS mls Select djds QkjesV esuw esa Cell fodYi ij fDyd djus ij Format Cell Mk;ykWx ckDl fp= 3-3 ds vuqlkj Ldzhu iznf'kZr gksxh blesa Number, Alignment, Font, Border, Patterns ,oa Protection fodYi gksrs gSaA,ykbUesUV ¼ Alignment)
odZ'khV esa fdlh lsy esa izfof"V djus ij lkekU;r% text Left aligned ,oa numbers right aligned gksrs gSaa bldks cnyus ds fy;s fp= 3-3 ls Alignment VSc ij fDyd djus lss text Alignment ds Horizontal iqy Mkmu esuw ls vko';drkuqlkj (Left, right, center, justify etc.) ,oa Vertical iqy Mkmu esuw ls vko';drkuqlkj(Top, Bottom, Center) fodYi dks select djds Alignment fd;k tk ldrk gS ,oa Orientation }kjk degree fodYi ls degree select djds fy[ks x;s text dh fn'kk Hkh cnyh tk ldrh gSA Text control esas Wrap text psd ckDl dks select djds ,d gh lsy ds vUnj text dks Wrap fd;k tk ldrk gS ,oa Merge cell psd ckDl dks select djds dbZ lsyksa dks ,d lsy esa feyk;k tk ldrk gSA
lsy dks etZ djuk ( Merging Cell ) odZÓkhV esa lsy vFkok dkWye Merge djus ds fy, Range of
cells dksss Select djds Formatting Toolbar ls Merge and Center cVu ij fDyd djsA
(i) QkeZwyk (Formula) Calculation djus ds fy, formula dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS fTkldks =
fpUg ls izkjEHk djds fy[kk TkkRkk gSA Formula esa fuEu fpUg] iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSaAfpUg dk;Z
+ lsyksa ds ewY;ksa dks tksM+us esa bls iz;ksx fd;k TkkRkk gS T©ls =(A3+A4)
-bldk iz;ksx lsyksa ds ewY;ksa dks ?kVkus esa vFkok _.kkRed vad n'kkZus ds fy;s gksRkk gS T©ls =(N5-N9)
/ bl fpUg dk iz;ksx Hkkx nsus ds fy;s fd;k TkkRkk gS T©ls B6 dks D6 ls Hkkx nsus ds fy;s bl izdkj fy[kk
2.47
fp= 3-3
UPPCC IT Basics II
Tkk;sxk ‘=(B6/D6)’
*bl fpUg dk iz;ksx lsyksa ds ewY;ksa dks xq.kk djus ds fy;s fd;k TkkRkk gS T©ls B4 ls C4 ls xq.kk djus fy;s ‘=(B4*C4)’ fy[kk Tkk;sxkA
vkVks le (Auto SUM ) dbZ lsyksa ds MkVk dk Total
fudkyus ds fy;s Autosum cVu dk iz;ksx djrs gS A blds fy;s lsyksa dks lsysDV djds Standard Vwyckj ij Autosum cVu dks fDyd djus ij mlls vxyh lsy esa MkVk dk Total vk tkrk gSA
(j) o.kZekyk (Font) odZ'khV esa fTku lsYl ds
Font cnyus gks mUgs Select djds QkjesV esuw esa Cell fodYi ij fDyd djus ls iznf'kZr Ldzhu ds Font Tab dks lySDV djus ls fp= 3-5 ds vuqlkj Ldzhu iznf'kZr gksxh vko';drkuqlkj Font dk style, size vkfn cnyk tk ldrk gSA (k) iafDRk ?kVkuk vFkok TkksM+uk ( Add/Remove a Row )
fTkl iafDRk ls Åij ,d vU; iafDRk TkksM+uh gS ml iafDRk dkss Select djsaA Insert Menu ds - Row fodYi ij ekml fDyd djus ls ,d iafDRk c<+ Tkk;sxh blh izdkj Edit menu esa Delete ij ekml fDyd djus ls lsysDV dh xbZ iafDRk;ka delete gks Tkk;sxhA dkye tksM+uk vFkok ?kVkuk (Add/ Remove a Column)
dkye c<+kus ds fy, ml dkye dks Select djsa Insert menu esa Column ij ekml fDyd djus ls ml dkye ds ck;sa rjQ ,d dkye c<+ Tkk;sxk blh izdkj Edit menu esa Delete ij ekml fDyd djus ls lsysDV fd;s x;s dkye delete gks Tkk;sxsaAuksV%&Quick Menu ls Hkh Insert (Row/column)/ Delete (Row/column) Select fd;k Tkk ldRkk gS
(l) MkVk dks lksVZ djuk (Sorting Column)
Column esa fdlh Specific order(Name,City) esa MkVk Rearrange djus dks Sorting dgrs gSaA Specific
2.48
fp= 3-5
fp= 3-6
UPPCC IT Basics II
order dks gh Sort order Hkh dgrs gSaa MkVk dks Ascending(0-9 or A-Z) ,oa Descending order (9-0 or Z-A)esa Sort fd;k tk ldrk gSAMkVk dh Sorting dk dk;Z fuEu izdkj fd;k tkrk gSA
MkVk dks lsysDV djds Data Menu ls Sort Command ij fDyd djus ij Sort Mk;ykWx ckDl fp= 3-6 ds vuqlkj iznf'kZr gksxkA
Sort by Section esa Sort by ckDl ds Down arrow dks fDyd djds vko';drkuqlkj dkye ,oa Ascending /Descending cVu dks Select djsaA
;fn ,d ls T;knk dkye ds vuqlkj sorting djuh gS rks vko';drkuqlkj Then by Section ls dkye ,oa Ascending /Descending cVu dks Select djds ok cVu ij fDyd djus ij MkVk lcls igys sort by mlds ckn First Then by ,oa second then by dkye ds vuqlkj sort gks tk;sxkA (m) ist uEcj Mkyuk (Inserting Page Number)
Header/Footer Tab }kjk Custom Footer cVu }kjk Footer esa ist uEcj bUlVZ fd;s tk ldrs gS rFkk Page Tab esa First Page Number esa odZ'khV ds fy, dksbZ uEcj Vkbi dj ldrs gSa tks vkjfEHkd isTk la[;k ds LFkku ij Tkk,xkA
(n) ist ;k VsDLV ckMZj (Border) odZ'khV esa fTku Cells/ Row/
Coulmn ds Border Set djus gks mUgs Select djds QkjesV esuw esa Cell fodYi ij fDyd djus ls iznf'kZr Ldzhu ds Border Tab dks lySDV djus ls fp= 3-7 ds vuqlkj Ldzhu iznf'kZr gksxh vko';drkuqlkj Border ,oa Pattern VSc }kjk Color/Pattern dks cnyk tk ldrk gSA(o) isTk QkWjesfVax (Page Formatting)
File esuw esa Page Setup fodYi ij fDyd djsa A fp= 3-8 ds vuqlkj Mk;ykx ckDl iznf'kZRk gksxkA blesa Page VSc dks Select djsaA
ekftZu (Margin) Margin Tab }kjk
Top,Bottom,Left ,oa Right Margin lsV fd;k tk ldrs gSAIksij lkbt (Paper size)
2.49
fp= 3-7
fp= 3-8
Chart Wizard Button
UPPCC IT Basics II
Paper size esa vko';dRkkuqlkj isij dk Mkbesa'ku (Dimension) Vkbi dj nhfTk,A oSls ;g fMQkYV }kjk igys ls lsV jgRkk gS A vksfj,UVs'ku (Orientation)
;fn isTk dks Vertical j[k dj ml ij fizUV ysuk pkgrs gSa rks Orientation Section esa Portrait fodYi v©j ;fn odZ'khV ds vf/kd ls vf/kd dkye ,d gh isTk ij fizUV djuk pkgrs gSa rks Landscape fodYi pqfu,A
(p) Qkby fizUfVax (Printing) Sheet VSc dks fDyd djsa Print area esa odZ'khV dk og ,fj;k
(Area) fu/kkZfjRk djrs gSa] ftls fizUV djuk pkgrs gSaA vko';drkuqlkj Print djus ds fy;s Print cVu ij fDyd djus ds I'pkr~ Print What Section esa vko';drkuqlkj Active Sheet vFkok Entire Workbook dks Select djds OK cVu ij fDyd djsaA Print Preview cVu ij fDyd djds fizUV dh lfsVx ns[k ldrs gSaA (q) dV dkih djuk ( Copy/Moving text between worksheets and workbooks )
loZizFke VSDLV dks lysDV djds dV vFkok dkih djsaA Sheet Tab }kjk nwljh Sheet vFkok nwljh odZcqd [kksydj lsy dks lySDV djds isLV djsaA (r) pkVZ v©j xzkQ (Charts & Graphs)
,Dlsy esa MkVk ds mRkkj p<+ko ;k mldh Rkqyuk dks pkVZ ;k xzkQ ds ek/;e ls izLRkqRk djds mldk fo'ys"k.k vklkuh ls dj ldrs gSa A fof/k bl izdkj gS%& og MkVk lsysDV djsa fTkls pkVZ }kjk iznf'kZRk djuk pkgrs gSa A Insert Menu ls
Chart fodYi ij ;k Standard Vwyckj esa Chart Wizard cVu ij fDyd djus ls fp= 3-9 ds vuqlkj Mk;ykWx ckWDl iznfÓZr gksxkA
2.50
fp= 3-9
UPPCC IT Basics II
Standerd type Tab dks fDyd djsa vko';drkuqlkj
Chart type ,oa Chart sub-type Select djds Next cVu ij fDyd djsa Chart source data Mk;ykx ckDl fp= 3-10 ds vuqlkj iznf'kZr gksxkA
bl Mk;ykx ckDl esa fn[kus okyh MkVk jsUTk ;fn xyRk gS rks odZ'khV ,fj;k fQj lysDV djsa vFkok MkVk jsUTk ckDl esa MkVk dh jsUt fy[k nsa ,oa column fodYi dks select djds Next cVu ij fDyd djsa Chart option Mk;ykx ckDl fp= 3-11 ds vuqlkj iznf'kZr gksxkA Chart option esa Title , Axes, Grid lines , Legend, Data lebels ,oa Data table fodYi gksrs gSa A pkVZ ds Åij ;fn dksbZ Title nsuk pkgrs gSa rks Title VSc ij fDyd djds Chart Title okys ckDl esa Title dks VkbZi djsaA blh Rkjg Axes, Grid lines , Legend, Data lebels ,oa Data table fodYi dks vko';dRkkuqlkj fDyd djds muds fodYi dks pqudj Next cVu ij fDyd djsa A Chart location Mk;ykx ckDl fp= 3-12 ds vuqlkj iznf'kZr gksxkA Chart Location Mk;ykWx ckDl esa pkVZ dks mlh odZ'khV esa j[kus ds fy;s As object in cVu dks rFkk u;h
2.51
fp= 3-11
fp= 3-12
fp= 3-13
fp= 3-10
UPPCC IT Basics II
'khV esa j[kus ds fy;s As new sheet cVu dks Select djds Finish cVu ij fDyd djus ij odZ'khV esa fp= 3-13 ds vuqlkj pkVZ cu Tkk;sxk A
(s) 'kkVZdV dh (Shortcut Keys) Ctrl + Space Select entire column.
Shift + Space Select entire row.
Ctrl + A Select all contents of the worksheet.
Ctrl + B Bold highlighted selection.
Ctrl + I Italic highlighted selection.
Ctrl + U Underline highlighted selection.
F2 Edit the selected cell.
F5 Goto a specific cell. For example, C6.
F7 Spell check selected text and/or document.
F11 Create chart.
Alt + Shift + F1 Insert New Worksheet.
Shift + F3 Open the Excel formula window.
Shift + F5 Bring up search box.
Ctrl + Shift + ! Format number in comma format.
Ctrl + Shift + $ Format number in currency format.
Ctrl + Shift + # Format number in date format.
Ctrl + Shift + % Format number in percentage format.
Ctrl + Shift + ^ Format number in scientific format.
Ctrl + Shift + @ Format number in time format.
Ctrl + Arrow key Move to next section of text.
Ctrl + 5 Strikethrough highlighted selection.
Ctrl + P Bring up the print dialog box to begin printing.
Ctrl + Z Undo last action.
Ctrl + F9 Minimize current window.
Ctrl + F10 Maximize currently selected window.
2.52
UPPCC IT Basics II
Ctrl + F6 Switch between open workbooks / windows.
Ctrl + Page up Move between Excel work sheets in the same Excel document.
Ctrl + Page down Move between Excel work sheets in the same Excel document.
Ctrl + Tab Move between Two or more open Excel files.
Alt + = Create a formula to sum all of the above cells
Ctrl + ' Insert the value of the above cell into cell currently selected.
Ctrl + Shift + ; Enter the current time.
Ctrl + ; Enter the current date.
2.53
UPPCC IT Basics II
Web Browers & Internet (oscczkmtj ,oa bUVjusV½
(a) usVodZ (NETWORK) :nks ;k nks ls vf/kd dEI;wVj e'khuksa dks bl izdkj fdlh rkj vFkok fdlh vU; csrkj ek/;e ls tksM+us dks usVodZ dgrs gSa] rkfd ,d e'khu }kjk vU; tksM+h x;h e'khuksa ds lkFk lEidZ LFkkfir fd;k tk lds rFkk ,d e'khu ij cSBk O;fDr ¼;wtj½ fdlh Hkh vU; tqM+h e'khu ds lkFk lwpuk dk vknku iznku dj lds fp= 6-1 ns[kas A
ykHk (Advantages) : 1- gkMZos;j 'ks;fjax (Hardware Sharing) % ,d usVodZ esa tqM+h fdlh Hkh e'khu ds lkFk tqM+s vU; gkMZos;j tSls fizaVj] LdSuj] lhMh jk;Vj bR;kfn dk bLrseky] fcuk bUgs f'kQ~V fd;s gq;s fdlh Hkh vU; e'khu ds }kjk fd;k tk ldrk gS A2- lkWQ~Vos;j 'sk;fjax (Software sharing) % fdlh Hkh ,d e'khu tSls loZj ij yksM lkWQ~Vos;j dk bLrseky vU; tqM+h e'khuksa ij dk;Z djus okys O;fDr;ksa }kjk ,d lkFk fd;k tk ldrk gSa A 3- rhoz MsVk QhfMax (Quick Data Feading) % fdlh Hkh ,d dEI;wVj ;k loZj ij ,d lkWQ~Vos;j yksM dj] dbZ vyx vyx dEI;wVjlZ ij cSB dj MsVk QhfMax rhoz xfr ls dh tk ldrh gS A 3- lwpuk dk rhoz xfr ls vknku iznku (Quick Transfer of Data) % usVodZ esa tqM+h e'khuks ij lwpuk dk vknku iznku rhoz xfr ls gksrk gS o vius LFkku ij cSBs gq;s gh ;wtj ,d nwljs ls lEidZ dj ldrs gSa A
2.54
fp= 6-1
UPPCC IT Basics II
usVodZ ds izdkj (Types of Network) : usVodZ ewyr% fuEu izdkj ds gksrs gS&yksdy ,fj;k usVodZ (L.A.N.)
fdlh Hkh ,d dEiuh ;k vkWxZsukbts'ku }kjk ,d NksVs vius ,fj;k esa yxk;k x;k usVodZ] ;g lekU;r% ,d Hkou esa gh LFkkfir gksrk gS A tSls&m0iz0 iqfyl dEI;wVj dsUnz AesVªks ,fj;k usVodZ ( M.A.N.)
,d gh 'kgj ds fofHkUu LFkkuksa@dk;kZy;ksa esa LFkkfir usVodZ dks eSVªks ,fj;k usVodZ dgrs gS A tSls CID, Int., o DGP eq[;ky; dk usVodZ A y[kuÅ vFkok fdlh vU; tuin esa fLFkr iqfyl ds lHkh dk;kZy; AokbM ,fj;k usVodZ (W.A.N.)
vUrZtuinh; Lrj vFkok vkSj cM+s ,fj;k esa yxk;k x;k usVodZ okbM ,sfj;k usVodZ dgykrk gS A tSls& jsyos fjtosZ'ku iz.kkyh rFkk ,u-vkbZ-lh- usVodZAbUVjusV (Internet)
bUVjusV dk fuekZ.k ;wukbVsM LVsV~l ds j{kk foHkkx }kjk lu~ 60 ds vklikl APRANET ds uke ls 'kq: fd;k x;k Fkk A ySu] eSu vFkok oSu ds ek/;e ls tqM+s dEI;wVjksa dks tc fdlh Hkh ek/;e ls fo'o Lrj ij tksM+ dj lwpukvksa dk vknku iznku fd;k tkrk gS rks bl izdkj mRiUu usVodZ~l ds tky esa dk;Z djus dks bUVj & usV ¼dEI;wVj usV ;k tky ds e/;½] ij dk;Z djuk dgrs gS] tks czkmftax ;k lfQZax Hkh dgykrk gSA vFkkZr Internet is a network of Networks.
bUVjusV dk bLrseky vkt yxHkx lHkh O;fDr rFkk laLFkk,a dj jgh gSa vr% fdlh Hkh fo"k; ls lEcfU/kr lwpuk dksbZ Hkh] dgha ls] dHkh Hkh izkIr dj ldrk gS A D;ksafd bUVjusV ij dk;Z djrs oDr ;wtj ,d ,sls usVodZ ls tqM+k gksrk gS tks 24 ?kaVs fdz;'khy jgrk gS A bUVjusV dh ,d fo'ks"k lsok bZ&esy (E-mail) ds tfj;s dkQh de [kpZ esa lwpukvksa dk vknku iznku fd;k tk ldrk gS A vkt bUVjusV ij gh dEifu;ka vkWu ykbu fcfyax] 'kkfiax] bUVjusV VsyhQksuh] fjtosZ'ku bR;kfn ds dk;Z dj jgh gSa A mnkgj.kkFkZ& gokbZ@ jsyos fjtoZs'ku flLVe A
(b) osc lkbV [kkstuk (Searching Web) izR;sd dkWef'kZ;y osc lkbV ij ;g lqfo/kk miyC/k jgrh gS
fd ;wtj fdlh Hkh djsDVj] vYQkcsV dh [kkst gsrq fn;s VSDLV ckWDl esa fy[kdj ml ij lpZ dj mlls lEcfU/kr leLr osc lkbV~l dze okj ,d Mk;jsDVªh ds :i esa Ldzhu ij iznf'kZr dj ldrk gSA tSls& m0iz0 iqfyl dh osc lkbV "http://uppolice.up.nic.in" esa mijksDr Xykscy lpZ dh lqfo/kk iznku dh xbZ gSA fp= 6-2 ns[ksaA
2.55
UPPCC IT Basics II
blds vfrfjDr osc lkbV~l dks [kkstus gsrq dqN eq[; lpZ batu uhps fn;s x;s gSA
Yahoo http://www.yahoo.com
Google http://www.google.com
Ask http://www.ask.com
HotBot http://www.hotbot.com
AltaVista http://www.altavista.com
Gigablast http://www.gigablast.com
Live Search http://www.live.com/
LookSmart http://www.looksmart.com
Lycos http://www.lycos.com
Netscape Search http://search.netscape.com
(c) bZ esy (E-mail) bZ esy djus o izkIr djus ds fy;s ;wtj dks fdlh ,slh dkWef'kZ;y
osc lkbV tks bZ esy dh lqfo/kk eqQ~r iznku djrh gS ij viuk iathdj.k djokdj ,d esy ,dkmUV [kksyuk gksrk gS ftles og nwljs O;fDr ls bZ esy izkIr dj ldrk gS o Hkst ldrk gS A mnkgj.kkFkZ&1. http://yahoo.com2. http://rediffmail.com3. http://hotmail.com4. http://indiatimes.com5. http://up.nic.in ( For Govt Officers Only)
mijksDr osc lkbV~l fu%'kqYd bZ esy lqfo/kk;sa iznku djrh gS A mDr lkbV [kksydj ;wtj esy ij fDyd dj u;s ;wtj esa tkdj QkeZ Hkjdj iathdj.k djokdj] u;k esy ,dkmUV [kksy ldrk gS A bl izdkj cuk;k x;k bZ esy ,Mªsl nwljs O;fDr dks nsus ij mlds }kjk Hksth x;h bZ esy blds esy ckWDl esa Lor% izkIr gksrh jgrh gS AbZ&esy ,dkmUV [kksyus dh fof/k (Procedure to open new E- mail Account)
mijksDr osc esa ls fdlh Hkh lkbV dk ,Mªsl nsdj lkbV [kksyus ij Ldzhu ij vk;s gkse ist esa fn;s x;s VkWfiDl eas ls esy ij fDyd djus
2.56
fp= 6-2
UPPCC IT Basics II
ij u;s ;wtj ds fy;s sign up new user ij fDyd djus ls fp= 6-3 ds vuqlkj QkeZ [kqyrk gS &
fp= 6-3mijksDr QkeZ Hkjus ds fy;s fn;s x;s funsZ'kksa dk ikyu djrs
gq;s leLr lwpuk QkeZ esa Hkjdj tek (submit) djus ij ;fn ;wtj }kjk cuk;k x;k ;wuhd bZ esy vkbZ Mh ¼tks igys fdlh dks vkoafVr u gks½ feyrk gS vU;Fkk igys fn;s x;s uke esa vkaf'kd ifjorZu dj iqu% ogh izfdz;k viuk;h tkrh gS rks lkbV ij mldk bZ esy ,Mªsl cu tkrk gS vkSj esy vdkmUV tks fuEu izdkj [kqyrk gS] & bZ esy ,Mªsl&
[email protected] [email protected]
mijksDr bZ esy ,Mªsl tks vyx vyx osc lkbV ij fdlh ds }kjk cuk;s x;s gS ckWDl esas iznf'kZr ;wtj dh esy vkbZMh gS tks fd ;kgw vFkok bfUM;kVkbe~l dh osc lkbV ij gS o bls @ ds fu'kku ls n'kkZ;k x;k gSAbZ esy izkIr djus dh fof/k (Procedure for receiving E-mails) % esy vkbZ-Mh- cuus ds ckn ;wtj osc lkbV esa esy ij fDyd djus ij vk;s QkeZ esa ;wtj vkbZMh o cuk;k x;k ikloMZ Mkyus ij vius esy ckWDl [kksy ldrk gS vkSj bZ&esy izkIr o Hkst ldrk gS A esy ckWDl [kqyus ij fp= 6-4 ds vuqlkj izdkj Ldzhu ij fn[kkbZ iM+rk gS &
2.57
UPPCC IT Basics II
fp= 6-4mijksDr esy ckWDl esa Inbox esa izkIr gksus okyh ubZ esy gksrh gS o mudh la[;k vkxs czsfdV es fy[kh gksrh gS A bl ij fDyd djus ls fp= 6-5 ds vuqlkj Ldzhu fn[kkbZ nsrk gS tks buckWDl esa ekStwn esy dks n'kkZrh gS&
fp= 6-5
mijksDr esa sender, subject, date bR;kfn esa Hkstus okys dk uke] i= dk lctsDV fn;k gksrk gS ftl ij fDyd djus ij ;wtj i= dk iw.kZ fooj.k vko';drkuqlkj i<+ ldrk gS o mldk fizaV vkmV ys ldrk gS vFkok gkMZfMLd esa lafpr dj ldrk gS AbZ esy Hkstus dh fof/k (Procedure to Send E-mails): esy Hkstus ds fy;s esy ckWDl esa compose ij fDyd djus ij fp= 6-6 ds vuqlkj QkeZ dks Hkjdj esy Hksth tkrh gS A fuEu QkeZ esa TO esa
2.58
UPPCC IT Basics II
ftldks esy Hkstuh gS mldk bZ esy irk] cc esa vU; O;fDr;ksa ds bZ esy irs ftudks bl i= dh dkWih Hksth tkuh gS o subject esa fo"k; ,oa lcls uhps fn;s cM+s VSDlV ckWDl esa lEiw.kZ i= vaxzth esa fy[kdj send dk cVu fDyd djus ij esy pyh tkrh gSA
fp= 6-6mYys[kuh; gS fd Hkstus okyh lkekxzh Word pad lk M.S. Word esa QhM dj yh tk;s rFkk ckn esa bUVjusV tksM dj mijksDr fof/k dk iz;ksx esy Hkstus@ izkIr djus gsrq djsaA ,slk djus ls VsyhQksu Hkh de le; ds fy;s bUxst jgsxk rFkk vkfFkZd n`f"V ls Hkh ferO;;h gksxkAbZ&esy ls Qkby vVSp djus dh fof/k (Procedure for attaching the File)% bZ esy }kjk Qkby vVSp djds Hkstus dh lqfo/kk Hkh miyC/k gS A fgUnh ;k vU; Hkk"kk esa i= rS;kj djds dEI;wVj ij Qkby lso djus ds ckn bZ esy dh lgk;rk ls Qkby vVSp djds fn;s x;s esy irs ij Hksth tk ldrh gS blh izdkj ls vU; izdkj dh /ofu] fp= bR;kfn dh Qkby Hkh vVSPk djds Hksth tk ldrh gSA Qkby vVSp djus ds fy;s fp= 6-7 ds esa dkys rhj ds lkeus
2.59
s fp= 6-7
fp= 6-7
UPPCC IT Basics II
Attach File ij fDyd djsA bl ij fDyd djus ds ckn fp= 6-8 ds leku Ldzhu iznf'kZr gksrh gS]Ldzhu esa VSDLV ckWDl ds lkeus Brows ij fDyd djds fu/kkZfjr lhek ls de vkdkj dh ,d ckj esa vf/kd ls vf/kd rhu Qkby vVSp dh tk ldrh gSa
fp= 6-8 esa Brows ij fDyd djus ij fp= 6-9 ds vuqlkj fuEu Ldzhu iznf'kZr gksrh gS
2.60
fp= 6-8
fp= 6-9
UPPCC IT Basics II
fp= 6-9 esa Qkby dks fDyd djus ds ckn Qkby vVSp gks tkrh gS vVSp Qkby send djus ls fn;s x;s bZ esy irs ij Hkst nh tkrh gS A dk;Zokgh "http://yahoo.com " dh osc lkbV ij fn[kkbZ x;h gSA
2.61
UPPCC IT Basics II
Trouble Shooting(eq[; leL;k;sa½
a. dEI;wVj ls lEcfU/kr ( Computer Related ) dEI;wVj ON ugha gks jgk gS?Ans- loZizFke UPS dks ON djsa ;fn ogkWa ls Current lgh vk jgk
gS rks Switch nckdj dEI;wVj dks On djsa dqN nsj i'pkr~ dEI;wVj ON gks tk;sxk ;fn ,slk u gks jgk gks rks dEI;wVj ds ihNs ds lHkh rkjksa dks dl nsaA
Windows Start ugha gks jgh gS?Ans- Windows lkQV~os;j dh CD dks CD Drive esa Mkydj Repair
djsa ;fn vc Hkh dqN ughs gksrk gS rks Windows lkQV~os;j dks iqu% yksM djuk gh bldk ,d ek= bykt gS
dEI;wVj Hang dj x;k gS?Ans- ;fn Key Board dh dksbZ Key nckus ij Beep Sound ugha vkrh gS rks Alt+ F4 nck;sa izrh{kk djs ;fn 10 lsds.M rd dksbZ Response ugha feyrk gS rks Alt +Ctrl+Delete nck;sa Task Manager iznZf'kr gksxk blesa ftlds vkxs Not Responding fy[kk gksxk rks mls Highlight dj End Task nck;sa dqN izrh{kk djsa ;fn vc Hkh dqN ughs gksrk gS rks dEI;wVj dks Restart djsaA
b. fizUVj ls lEcfU/kr ( Printer Related ) Printer ls print ugha gks jgk gS?Ans- ;fn Printer ls print ugha gks jgk gS loZizFke Printer On
djsa ;fn ogkWa ls Current vk jgk gS rks Printer ls Computer dks tksM+us okyh Cable ,oa Port dks PkSd djsa ,oa dl nsaA ;g Hkh ns[k ysa fd Printer dk driver Load gS A
Paper jammed gks x;k gS?Ans- ;fn Printer es paper jam gks x;k gS rks Printer dk manual i<s
Instruction ds vuqlkj Cover [kksydj paper fudkysa Printing dh Quality lgh ugh gS?Ans- ;fn Printer dh Ink cartridge, ribbon ,oa toner check djsa ;fn lgh
gSa rks company bathfu;j dks cqykdj print heads vkfn PkSd djk ysaA
c. usVodZ ls lEcfU/kr ( Network Related ) Network dk;Z ugh dj jgk gS ?Ans- computer ij network cable properly attached gsS ;k ugh ;fn gS rks network settings pSd djsa
Network ij dksbZ ,d computer fn[kkbZ ugh ns jgk gS ?Ans- domain name ; workg group dk uke lgh ugh gSa
2.62
UPPCC IT Basics II
d. ;wih,l ls lEcfU/kr ( UPS Related )
UPS ON ugha gks jgk gS?Ans- loZizFke UPS dks ON djsa ;fn ogkWa ls Current ugh vk jgk
gS rks Power Cable dh PkSd djsa ,oa dl nsaA ;fn UPS ls Current vk jgk gS rks Switch nckdj dEI;wVj dks On djsa ;fn dEI;wVj ON u gks jgk gks rks UPS dks Charge djsaA
Battery Charge ugha gks jgh gS?Ans- ;fn UPS Battery Charge ugh gks jgh gS rks Battery dks change
djuk gh bldk ,d ek= bykt gS
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2.63
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