MSA

• Define Metropolitan Statistical Area –

• Which areas are included with the MSA Winston-Salem belongs to?

• Why are these areas grouped together?

•Illustrates the difference between strict city proper definitions and broader urban agglomerations.

•To define urbanized areas, the U.S. Census Bureau uses the term Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Consolidated MSA (CMSA) if two of them overlap.

Megalopolis & Conurbations

• Megalopolis – large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world (like Boston to Washington, DC)

• Conurbation – a continuous, extended urban area formed by the growing together of several formerly separate, expanding cities (like Raleigh to Atlanta)

• I can’t tell the difference between these 2 definitions????

• But what this means is there is very little/no rural or undeveloped land between urban/suburban areas

BosNYWash

• I wish I could tell you why it is labeled conurbation rather than megalopolis.

• Think about your drive from Winston to Atlanta – how many miles must you drive between exits with a gas station or fast food? Compared to the rate of development from Raleigh to the SC beaches?

• Agglomeration – the spatial group of people or activities for mutual benefit (business park at highway access point)

• Remember – we learned about agglomerations in Economics

Activity

• Pretend you are the booking manager for the hottest new band.

• Pick American cities for a 10 stop tour. Remember you want to make as much money possible.

• What are your top 10 cities?

• The first 10 went well – If you expanded for 5 more stops – What would be your next 5 cities?

Activity

• I’m psychic – Did your list look something like this

• NY, LA, Chicago

• Atlanta, Miami, Houston (or Dallas), Seattle, Boston, St. Louis, Denver for the top 10

• Next 5 – less predictable – Cleveland, Vegas, Washington DC, Philadelphia, Detroit, etc.

Activity Explained

• NY and LA have the most population and are geographically dispersed. Chicago runs 3rd.

• The next cities have a lot of population and are dispersed but are certainly in a different class than NY.

• The reason why you shouldn’t have had Philly, Cleveland, Detroit, Boston and Washington in your top 10 is because they are too close together.

Activity Explained

• Cities have a hierarchy.

• I call NY and LA “A-list” cities. A-list cities serve as national headquarters and lead the nation in culture, finance, etc.

• Chicago, Washington DC and others are “B-list.” B list cities are regional headquarters and are well-known nationally

Activity Explained

• “C-list” cities serves as sub-regional centers. Charlotte is a C-list. Charlotte is in the shadows of Atlanta.

• Places like Raleigh are lower, still lower is Greensboro, still lower is Winston. Pull out the microscope to find Clemmons.

• Think about which cities host movie premiers, national sport teams, and concerts. Charlotte gets the legendary concerts, Greensboro gets good concerts if there are a lot of cities, Winston gets “big” country bands.

City Hierarchies

Start hereThese cities are known for trans. Because they are major airport hubs. Why did the airlines choose these cities?

These cities are military bases or major national government centers. Which cities are also transp. Centers?

These cities are known being financial headquarters. Why is there more in the NE?

Map of City Specialties

These cities are known for manufacturing. Why are there more in the NE? Does this have anything with the financial center locations?

City Hierarchies

• Map classification of tier of world cities

City Hierarchies• Map classification of tier of US cities

Activity in Relation to the Maps

• Do you see what I mean about the national leaders vs. regional centers vs. regional sub-centers?

Moving in and out of cities

• Urbanization – transformation of a population from rural to urban status; the process of city formation and expansion

• Counterurbanization- the net loss of population from cities to smaller towns and rural areas

• Migration trend in US is urban to suburban (intraregional)

Rural/Farms Suburbs

City/CBD

The same information we keep discussing – the NE is losing population to the S and SW (interregional). Did you see this reflected in the city specialties map? Manufacturing and financial centers are in the NE because they have been around longer and NY still is a major financial center. But retail and transportation are moving to the S and SW because that is where the population is moving to.

Moving in and out of cities

• Reurbanization – the growth of population in metropolitan central cores, following a period of absolute or relative decline in population

• Gentrification – invasion of older, centrally located working-class neighborhood by higher-income households seeking the character and convenience of less expensive and well-located residences

• Redlining – lenders identified risky neighborhoods in cities, refuse to offer loans to those in the districts

• Blockbusting – realtors would sell a house in the neighborhood to a minority, then encourage the white owners to sell, produced white flight

• Racial steering – realtors directing clients to buy homes in neighborhoods of like ethnicity

• This is review

• Houses that are supersized and all alike are called McMansions

• Gated communities are becoming more common. Used to be only the very wealthiest. Now even moderate homes or older boomers are gated

• The basic sector activities of a city’s economy include production of goods and services for

a. Resident of the city itself

b. Areas outside the city

c. The poorest people in the city

d. Basic needs, such as housing and food

e. People and businesses in the CBD only

The Economic Base

• Inside – producing goods & services for those inside the city– This one circulates money but is

revenue neutral– Businesses like the daycare, hair salon,

locally owned restaurants

• Outside – producing goods & services to export– This one brings money into the city– Businesses like Hanes Mill or Wake

Forest

The Economic Base

• Basic Sector – the combined export (outside) economic activities

• Service (nonbasic) Sector – recirculation activities (inside)– Crucial to continual operation of the city– Professional Offices– City Government– Local Transit Systems– Schools

• Basic/Nonbasic Ratios – similar for urban units of similar size– As settlement inc., the number of nonbasic personel grows faster

than the number of basic. With a pop. of 1 mil. – 2 non/1 basic• Multiplier Effect: The multiplier works both ways – growth &

decline– The size of the multiplier effect is determined by the community’s

basic/nonbasic ratio

• The basic sector activities of a city’s economy include production of goods and services for

a. Resident of the city itself

b. Areas outside the city

c. The poorest people in the city

d. Basic needs, such as housing and food

e. People and businesses in the CBD only

• The basic sector activities of a city’s economy include production of goods and services for

a. Resident of the city itself

b. Areas outside the city

c. The poorest people in the city

d. Basic needs, such as housing and food

e. People and businesses in the CBD only