MSL Review

Why did Stone Age people practice slash-and burn agriculture?

A. To fulfill spiritual beliefsB. To make irrigation easierC. To drive away wild animalsD. To clear land for farming

Jewish and Christian beliefs differ from the Greco-Roman tradition in matters concerning the importance of

A. the role of law.B. individual morality.C. belief in one God.D. the family unit.

Who believed that in an ideal society the government should be controlled by a class of “philosopher kings”?

A. MuhammadB. PlatoC. Lao-tzuD. Thomas Aquinas

He who trusts any man with supreme power gives it to a wild beast, for such his appetite sometimes makes him: passion influences those in power, even the best of men, but law is reason without desire…

-Aristotle

Which feature of modern Western democratic government reflects Aristotle’s views as given above?

A. The direct election of members of the legislatureB. The power of the courts to review the lawC. The granting of emergency powers to the chief executiveD. The requirement that government actions must adhere to

the law

When a country’s constitution requires the branches of government to remain independent of each other, it is adhering to the constitutional principle ofA. popular sovereignty.B. separation of powers.C. federalism.D. direct democracy.

The English philosopher John Locke argued that life, liberty, and property are

A. natural rights that should be protected by government.

B. political rights to be granted as determined by law.C. economic rights earned in a capitalistic system.D. social rights guaranteed by the ruling class.

In medieval Europe, law and order were maintained by the

A. legions.B. merchants.C. nobility.D. serfs.

How did the Magna Carta (1215) contribute to the development of the English government?

A. It created a two-house parliament.B. It extended voting rights.C. It provided for a bill of rights.D. It limited the power of the monarch.

The principles of the American Revolution and the French Revolution are similar in many ways. Which of the following best summarizes their similarities?A. Both favored representative governments.B. Both limited voting rights to an economic elite.C. Both retained certain hereditary rights for

aristocrats.D. Both supported equal rights for women.

In which of the following documents is the principle of limitation of governmental power first stated?A. Magna CartaB. Declaration of IndependenceC. English Bill of RightsD. French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the

Citizen

Unlike the French Revolution, the American Revolution produced

A. women’s suffrage.B. short-term military rule.C. strategic alliances.D. a lasting constitution.

When members of the Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath (1789) at the start of the French Revolution, they were attempting to

A. establish a military government.B. draft a new national constitutionC. restore the king to power.D. persuade Napoleon to take power.

Which leader was inspired by the ideas of the American Revolution and Enlightenment to lead the liberation of much of South America from Spain?A. Simon BolivarB. Padre Miquel HidalgoC. Jose MartiD. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Which of these first demonstrated that popular protest would play a role in the French Revolution?A. The reign of the Committee of Public SafetyB. The trial of Louis XIVC. The fall of the BastilleD. The Civil Constitution of the Clergy

What was one factor that enabled Napoleon to seize control of France?

A. The weakness of the French governmentB. The endorsement by foreign governmentsC. The support Napoleon received from French

aristocratsD. The strong democratic reforms Napoleon advocated

The agricultural changes which took place in England during the 1600s contributed to England’s later industrial development by

A. Strengthening the importance of the family farm.B. Breaking large estates into smaller farms.C. Encouraging city dwellers to return to farming.D. Producing more food with fewer workers.

To increase production output during the Industrial Revolution, businesses primarily invested inA. workers’ wages.B. machinery.C. training.D. marketing.

In the mid-1700s, how did trade contribute to the early growth of an industrial economy in Great Britain?

A. It allowed the British to educate their workforce.B. It provided funds to pay high wages to the new labor

class.C. It enabled British merchants to hire skilled foreign

laborers.D. It gave British entrepreneurs the capital needed to open

new factories.

In the nineteenth century, labor unions developed mostly in response to

A. increasing unemployment.B. government ownership of businesses.C. wages and working conditions.D. racial and gender discrimination.

At the end of the 1800s, colonies were generally seen as a

A. place to banish criminals.B. sign of a country’s relative power.C. location to train military forces.D. method for suppressing nationalism.

According to some historians, Europe’s system of alliances prior to 1914 increased the likelihood thatA. democratic ideals would spread throughout the

continent.B. nations would be protected from economic

exploitation.C. colonization of undeveloped nations would cease.D. small disputes would develop into large-scale wars.

In 1900, anti-foreign sentiment in China led to an uprising known as the

A. Nian Rebellion.B. Boxer Rebellion.C. Taiping Rebellion.D. Sepoy Rebellion.

Mohandas Gandhi used his philosophy of nonviolent noncooperation in an effort to

A. form a Marxist government in India.B. convince his fellow Indians to support the Allies in

World War II.C. persuade Pakistanis to separate from India.D. achieve India’s independence from Great Britain.

During World War I, U.S. propaganda posters often portrayed German soldiers as

A. honorable opponents.B. violators of human rights.C. unbeatable enemies.D. liberators of oppressed peoples.

1914, Ethiopia and Liberia were the only two African countries to

A. establish democratic governments.B. develop industrial economies.C. retain their independence.D. colonize other nations.

Why did Great Britain, France, and Russia form the Triple Entente in 1907?

A. To protect their colonies from invasion by other nations

B. To develop an economic alliance based on open markets

C. To suppress minority nationalists in their own countries

D. To respond to the increased military power of Germany

One major reason for the tension between France and Germany before World War I was thatA. France had begun to surpass Germany in industrial

output.B. Germany wanted to join the Triple Entente with Great

Britain.C. Germany controlled French access to the North SeaD. France wanted to regain lands previously seized by

Germany

How did Russia’s participation in World War I affect its empire?A. A string of decisive military victories gained land from the Central

Powers.B. Russia’s sale of supplies to its western allies strengthened its

economy.C. The czar adopted the reforms necessary to win the support of the

Russian people.D. Economic hardships brought on by the war resulted in the

downfall of the czar.

Great Britain’s stated reason for declaring war on Germany in 1914 was the

A. French attacks on German colonies.B. U.S. entry into the war.C. Serbian assassination of Archduke Franz

Ferdinand.D. German invasion of Belgium.

Why did most of the combat on the Western Front in World War I take place in a relatively small area?

A. There is only a small amount of flat land in all of Europe.

B. The armies became immobile because of trench warfare.

C. Each side cut off the fuel supply of the other.D. Germany’s military tactics were based on “static

warfare.”

Which of the following most affected the course and outcome of World War I?

A. Allied withdrawal from the Turkish peninsula of Gallipoli.

B. British victories in the Sinai that secured the Suez Canal.

C. American military and financial intervention in the war.

D. The switch in allegiance of Italy from the Central Powers to the Allies.

The Schlieffen Plan was designed by the German military to

A. address U.S. troop deployments in France.B. strengthen the defense of Germany’s colonies in

Africa.C. neutralize Great Britain’s naval control of the North

Sea.D. avoid the problem of fighting Allied powers on two

fronts.

One contribution of overseas colonies to the Allied effort during World War I was that they providedA. large numbers of soldiers to reinforce the Allied

armies.B. protected sites for new Allied industrial factories.C. most of the agricultural labor in the Allied nations.D. places of refuge for displaced Allied civilian

populations.

President Wilson said that his Fourteen Points would provide a framework for

A. a lasting and just peace.B. determining war reparations.C. expanding colonial empires.D. punishing aggressor nations.

A major goal of France and Great Britain at the Conference of Versailles following World War I was toA. create a politically unified Europe.B. keep Germany from rebuilding its military forces.C. restore pre-war imperial governments to power.D. help Germany rebuild its industrial economy.

Constructed Response Warm-Up

1. Give three lasting achievements of the Greeks and three lasting achievements of the Romans that can still be seen in today’s society. (may use bullet format or sentences to answer question)

One way fascist leaders in the 1920s and 1930s gained popular support was by

A. Promising to maintain peace with other countries.B. Attracting foreign investment for industrial

development.C. Limiting military influence in the government.D. Appealing to national pride.

Lenin hoped that the Russian Revolution of 1917 would

A. Inspire the Russians to continue the European war effort.

B. Incite similar socialist rebellions throughout Europe.C. Persuade the combatants in Western Europe to

sign an armistice.D. Counter U.S. military presence in Eastern Europe.

Stalin’s Great Purge from 1934 to 1939

A. Eliminated the army’s dominance in state decisions.

B. Expanded Soviet agriculture at the expense of industry.

C. Brought about the death of millions of people.D. Replaced agricultural workers with technology.

In 1939, France and Great Britain declared war on Germany as a direct result of the German

A. Annexation of Austria.B. Occupation of the Rhineland.C. Seizure of the Sudetenland.D. Invasion of Poland.

Both the Italian Fascists and the German Nazis gained power partly because they

A. Had the support of an electoral majority of their nations’ peoples.

B. Carefully followed accepted democratic political practices.

C. Used terror tactics against political opponents.D. Represented the ideas of compromise and prudent

government.

The economic recovery of Japan following World War II focused primarily on

A. Rebuilding its military and weapons capabilities.B. Exporting raw materials in exchange for consumer

goods.C. Developing an agricultural economy and marine

resources.D. Developing industry and an export economy.

What was one major goal of the Soviet Union during the early years of the Cold War?

A. To establish a competitive market economyB. To create a defensive buffer zone in Eastern

EuropeC. To expand individual liberties in the Baltic

republicsD. To attract foreign economic investments

Which of the following was a primary cause of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union?A. A competition for political influence over other

countriesB. Direct, armed conflict between the two nationsC. A deep reduction in military expendituresD. The founding of the United Nations

U.S. intervention of the Vietnam came as a result of the Cold War policy of

A. Détente.B. Brinkmanship.C. Appeasement.D. Containment.

What crisis brought the Soviet Union and the United States to the brink of nuclear war in 1962?A. An attempt by leaders in communist Hungary to withdraw from

the Warsaw Pact.B. The creation of East Germany as a separate Soviet military

occupation zone.C. An invasion of South Korea by armed communist forces from

North Korea.D. The installation in Cuba of Soviet offensive intermediate-range

missiles.

The Arab oil embargo against the United States in 1973 was initiated because of U.S. support forA. Egypt in the Suez Canal.B. Iraq in its conflict with Iran.C. Israel in the Yom Kippur War.D. Greece in its conflict with Turkey.

NATO was created in order to

A. Develop goodwill between Eastern and Western Europe.

B. Encourage diplomatic solutions to regional problems in North Africa.

C. Facilitate regional economic development in North America.

D. Create a unified military defense between the U.S. and Western Europe

During medieval times, which of these groups was legally tied to the land?

A. SerfsB. KnightsC. Parish priestsD. Minor nobility

The Warsaw Pact was developed in 1955 as a response to the

A. Formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

B. Start of the Communist revolution in Cuba.C. U.S. development of the hydrogen bomb.D. UN intervention in Korea.

China’s influence on Medieval Japan is illustrated by Japan’s development of

A. A writing system.B. The samurai tradition.C. Haiku poetry.D. a civil service exam.

How did the Crusades affect the economies of Central and Western Europe?A. Gold and silver brought back by crusaders caused

monetary inflation.B. The Crusades led to a decline in the production of crafts

and food crops.C. Cloth and spices brought back by crusaders led to greater

interest in trade.D. The Crusades limited access to luxury goods from China dn

India

The signing of the Magna Carta was important because itA. Promoted a feudal society in the New World.B. Gave all government power to the king and noblemen.C. Concentrated government power in a few individuals.D. Established the principle of limited government power

All of the following factors contributed to the decline of feudalism in Europe except the

A. Spread of the bubonic plague.B. Military failure of the Crusades.C. Travels of Marco Polo.D. Growth of an urban merchant class.

European farmers in the Middle Ages rotated the use of their land. Each year they planted crops on only two-thirds of the farmland, and the remaining one-third was left unused. As a result, the soil was not depleted of nutrients. This is an example ofA. Urbanization.B. Supply and demand.C. Sustainable resource use.D. Desertification.

All of the following were lasting contributions of the Muslim Empires except

A. Achievements in science, technology, and mathematics.

B. Achievements in art and architecture.C. Extensive trade networks in Africa and Asia.D. Colonization of the Western Hemisphere.

What was the main contribution of Emperor Shi Huangdi to China?

A. He unified most of China under one government.B. He established a public education system in

China.C. He required citizens to use the Mongol language.D. He encouraged acceptance of the Hindu religion.

How did the rise to power and reign of Alexander most affect Greece?A. He established a peaceful relationship with the Persian

Empire.B. He strengthened greatly the concept of democratic rule.C. He made Macedonia into the intellectual center of the

Hellenistic world.D. He ended the power of the city-states and established a

unified nation

What was a major accomplishment of the Justinian code?

A. The right of free speech was established.B. Greek and Roman laws were preserved.C. Chinese and Japanese architecture was copied.D. The right to practice any religion was permitted.

Which characteristic did Aztec and Incan societies share?

A. Laws that made slavery illegalB. Families dominated by womenC. Government by direct democracyD. Complex religious ceremonies

Artifacts are objects left behind by humans. Scientists and historians study artifacts to

A. Create museum displays.B. Learn about earlier people.C. Predict the future.D. Make movies.

Which earlier civilization most influenced the Roman Empire?

A. PhoenicianB. GreekC. IncanD. Etruscan

The government of the Roman Republic was characterized by all of the following features except

A. The rule of law.B. Separation of powers.C. The idea of civic duty.D. Voting rights for women.

Mesopotamians built ziggurats to be used as

A. SchoolsB. Theaters.C. Burial chambers.D. Religious temples.

Which of the following is a primary source from ancient Mesopotamia?

A. A novel about HammurabiB. A Sumerian cuneiform tabletC. A textbook on Assyrian cultureD. An encyclopedia article about Ur

The Nile River often floods its banks. These floods were an advantage to the people of ancient Egypt because the floodwatersA. Fertilized the farmland in the river valley.B. Protected the treasures buried in the pyramids.C. Made it easier for ships to carry goods upstream.D. Prevented invading armies from reaching Egyptian

cities.

How did geographic features influence the diffusion and settlement of the Phoenician and Greek traders?

a. Both had access to the Mediterranean Sea

b. The monsoon winds made ocean travel easier.

c. The arid climate encouraged migration.

d. Russia’s rivers provided ease of travel.

The epilogue laws of justice which Hammurabi, the wise king, established; a righteous law, and pious statute did he teach the land. . . . the decisions which I have made will this inscription show him; let him rule his subjects accordingly, speak justice to them, give right decisions, root out the miscreants and criminals from this land, and grant prosperity to his subjects. Hammurabi, the king of righteousness, on whom Shamash has conferred right (or law) am I. My words are well considered; my deeds are not equaled; to bring low those that were high; to humble the proud, to expel insolence.- Code of Hammurabi, Epilogue

How did the implementation of codified laws such as the Code of Hammurabi affect the people of ancient societies?

a. It unified the various peoples and laws within the empire.b. It reduced the authority of the king over the citizens.c. It limited the role of government in the lives of citizens.d. It established the separation of government and religion.

Which geographic features determined the location of the early civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, and India?

a. oceans and coastlinesc. fertile soils and plainsb. rivers and valleysd. rainy seasons and forests

How did Pericles influence the functioning of Athenian government?a. He introduced representative

democracy.b. He expanded direct democracy to

new classes of free men.c. He increased the salaries of

government officials.d. He greatly strengthened the

authority of military leaders in society.

In the Middle Ages, European monarchs claimed to rule by “divine right”. What purpose was served by this claim?a. It enabled the separation of church

and state.b. It demonstrated that religion was

stronger than political power.c. It enabled rulers to seize church lands.d. It strengthened the monarch’s

authority to rule.

All merchants, unless they have been previously and publicly forbidden, are to have safe and secure conduct in leaving and coming to England and in staying and going through England both by land and by water to buy and to sell, without any evil exactions, according to the ancient and right customs, save in time of war, and they should be from a land at war against us and be found in our land at the eginning of the war, they are to be attached without damage to their bodies or goods until it is established by us or our chief justiciar in what way the merchants of our land are treated who at such a time are found in the land that is at war with us, and if our merchants are safe there, the other merchants are to be safe in our land.

- Magna Carta, 1297

Based on this passage from the Magna Carta, which basic rights were improved by the English barons?a. trading rights c. civil rightsb. rights of the accused d. religious rights

How did the printing revolution contribute to increased global interaction?a. by making texts available to broader

audiences, leading to the spread of new ideas

b. by creating interchangeable parts that made repairing the printing press easier

c. by mass producing the press to make it available to small towns

d. by using color to gain the interest of more people

Effects of the Plague (Black Death) - Europe lost a third of its population. - Labor shortages brought higher wages for many workers. - Peasants left their manors, weakening the feudal system.

Which conclusion about effects of the plague can be drawn from the listed information?

a.Catastrophic events can trigger changes in human institutions.

b.Tragic events can strengthen religion as people seek answers in their faith.

c. People seek the comfort of traditional, familiar ways following traumatic events.

d.Societies flourish during many types of disasters and epidemics.

How did the new ideas and scientific advances of the Renaissance challenge the Catholic Church?a.New Renaissance universities, which

emphasized scientific research, gave most citizens educational opportunities that challenged the religious institutions.

b.Individualism and humanist ideas from the Renaissance challenged citizens to seek answers for themselves rather than from religious institutions.

c.New merchant guilds formed by the middle class owed allegiance to the leaders of the Renaissance rather than the Catholic Church.

d.Feudal noble landowners accepted the scientific advances of the Renaissance that were supported by the Catholic Church.

How was European society affected by the Crusades?a. Access to Asian luxury goods was

severely limited by war.b. Invading Islamic armies destroyed

farms and cities.c.Importation of Asian luxury goods

created a greater interest in trade.d. Peasant rebellions diminished as

the power of the Church grew.

28] No bailiff is henceforth to put any man on his open law or on oath simply by virtue of his spoken word, without reliable witnesses being produced for the same.

29] No freeman is to be taken or imprisoned or disseised [disposessed] of his free tenement or of his liberties or free customs, or outlawed or exiled or in any way ruined, nor will we go against such a man or send against him save by lawful judgment of his peers or by hte law of the land. we will sell to no man, we will not deny or defer to any man either Justice or Rights.

Which right had King John of England most likely abused, according to these two clauses from the Magna Carta?a. right to privacec. right to free speechb. right to a fair trial d. right to petition

What was an important effect of the Black Death (bubonic plague pandemic) on the populations of Europe in the late 1340s?a. decrease in public confidence in the

Churchb. elevated position of lesser nobles

and local leadersc. decline in average worker wagesd. increase in medical and

Which was an environmental effect of the process of early industrialization?a. the introduction of smallpox to

American Indiansb. the diffusion of new animal and

plant species to Afro-Eurasiac. the process of desertification in

Africa and Asiad. the widespread deforestation in

Europe and North America

How is laissez-faire economics more productive than an economy controlled by a government?a. Laissez-faire economics creates

competition which leads to innovation, greater profits for investors, and lower product prices.

b. Laissez-faire economics creates competition which results in improved working conditions, higher wages, and healthcare benefits.

c. Laissez-faire economics creates a more nationalistic economy in which local production is always preferred.

d. Laissez-faire creates an economy which is regulated by government in order to create ideal working conditions.

Which is an effect of European exploration of the Americas?

a. Germany extended its New World empire.

b. Spain dominated North and South America.

c. Africans were enslaved to work in mines and on plantations.

d. American Indians maintained resistance to African and Eurasian diseases.

What was a significant result of European exploration through the Columbian Exchange?a.Europeans became dependant on crops

from America.b.The bubonic plague spread throughout

Europe.c.European disease caused millions of

deaths among American Indians.d.Raw materials from America became very

expensive due to scarcity.

Which was an environmental effect of the process of early industrialization?

a. The introduction of smallpox to American Indians.

b. The diffusion of new animal and plant species to Afro-Eurasia.

c. The process of desertification in Africa and Asia.

d. The widespread deforestation in Europe and North America.

Timeline of Japan from 1850 to 1910• 1853 – Commodore Perry of the United States ends Japanese isolation• 1868 – Meiji Restoration• 1870s – Japanese government develops manufacturing and railroad

industries• 1872 – Western dress enforced for government ceremonies• 1905 – Japan wins the Russo-Japanese War• 1910 – Japan annexes Korea

What conclusion about Japan is supported by the timeline above?

a. Japan stopped farming rice.b. Japan industrialized and became imperialistic.c. Japan engaged in wars with western Europed. Japan became economically competitive with

Britain.

International Violence Before WWII• Japan invades Manchuria – 1931• Italy invades Ethiopia – 1935• Japan invades China – 1937• Germany annexes Czechoslovakia – 1939• Germany invades Poland – 1939

Using the information provided in the timeline above, which historical conclusion can be drawn about the cause of World War II?

a. Military alliances created many obligations to engage in wars.

b. The Nazi party dominated politics in many European nations.

c. The United Nations was too weak to prevent the spread of totalitarianism.

d. Some nations were aggressive and imperialistic in their efforts to expand.

How did Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies of Glasnost and Perestroika affect the Soviet Union?a. The power of the Soviet Union’s

Communist Party was strengthened.b. Many Soviet citizens demanded more

economic and political freedom.c. Soviet powers were centralized under a

totalitarian dictator.d. The Soviet Union increased its influence

in the nations of Eastern Europe.

Twentieth-Century International Developments• Berlin Blockade (1948)• Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)• Brezhnev Doctrine (1968)

How did the developments above affect international politics?

a. They inspired the creation of the United Nations.b. The intensified the Cold War conflicts and tensions.c. They started cooperation between the United

States and the former Soviet Union.d. They represented a global preference for

democratic values, institutions, and governments.

Which shared purpose explains the operations of the groups in the regions below?

• Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in Israel• Chechens in Russia• Irish Republican Army (IRA) in the United Kingdom

a. To create vast land empires across Eurasiab. To destroy capitalist and democratic systemsc. To create independent nations under their

authorityd. To control petroleum exports to Western nations

Terrorism [takes] us back to ages we thought were long gone in we allow it a free hand to corrupt democratic societies and destroy the basic rules of international life

- Jacques ChiracBut for all these problems [a terrorist’s] only solution is the demolition of the whole

structure of society. No partial solution, not even the total redressing of the grievance he complains of, will satisfy him –until our social system is destroyed or delivered into his hands.

- Benjamin Netanyahu

According to the quotes, how have terrorist groups and their movements impact society in various countries?

a. Terrorists create panic by breaking basic rules of society and attempting to destroy the social systems of target countries.

b. Terrorists create tensions by bringing adversaries together to resolve differences in democratic processes.

c. Terrorist groups have influenced many governments to join their efforts and create their own terrorist networks.

d. Terrorist groups have caused governments to eliminate corruption and to apply laws equally within societies.

1. How did agricultural improvements transform daily life during the Neolithic Revolution and early history? Give two examples.

2. European nations such as Portugal, Spain, France, and England led explorations to new lands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. These voyages extended from the coast of Africa to the Americas and beyond. Explain how the voyages of exploration affected global interactions and patterns of trade. Give two examples: one for impact on global interactions and another for new patterns of trade.

3. How did the 1973 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) oil crisis affect international affairs? Give three examples.