Msp430 Crossworks Reference Manual

CrossWorks for MSP430 Reference Manual

Version: 2.2.0.2013011000.17172

1997-2013 Rowley Associates Ltd.

CrossWorks for MSP430 Reference Manual

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CrossWorks for MSP430 Reference Manual Contents

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ContentsIntroduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 31

What is CrossWorks? ......................................................................................................................................................................... 33What we don't tell you ..................................................................................................................................................................... 34Activating your product .................................................................................................................................................................. 35Text conventions ................................................................................................................................................................................. 37Additional resources ......................................................................................................................................................................... 39Release notes ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 40

CrossStudio Tutorial ............................................................................................................................................................................... 47Activating CrossWorks ...................................................................................................................................................................... 49Managing support packages ......................................................................................................................................................... 51Creating a project ............................................................................................................................................................................... 54Managing files in a project ............................................................................................................................................................. 60Setting project options .................................................................................................................................................................... 65Building projects ................................................................................................................................................................................. 67Exploring projects .............................................................................................................................................................................. 70Using the debugger ........................................................................................................................................................................... 79Low-level debugging ........................................................................................................................................................................ 85Debugging externally built applications ................................................................................................................................. 89

CrossStudio User Guide ........................................................................................................................................................................ 93CrossStudio standard layout ......................................................................................................................................................... 94

Menu bar ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 95Title bar .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 96Status bar ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 97


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Editing workspace ......................................................................................................................................................................... 99Docking windows ........................................................................................................................................................................ 100Dashboard ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 101

CrossStudio help and assistance ............................................................................................................................................... 102Creating and managing projects .............................................................................................................................................. 104

Solutions and projects .............................................................................................................................................................. 105Creating a project ........................................................................................................................................................................ 108Adding existing files to a project ......................................................................................................................................... 109Adding new files to a project ................................................................................................................................................. 110Removing a file, folder, project, or project link ............................................................................................................. 111Project macros .............................................................................................................................................................................. 112

Building your application ............................................................................................................................................................. 114Creating variants using configurations .................................................................................................................................. 116Project properties ............................................................................................................................................................................. 118

Unique properties ....................................................................................................................................................................... 119Aggregate properties ................................................................................................................................................................ 120

Configurations and property values ........................................................................................................................................ 121Dependencies and build order .................................................................................................................................................. 123Linking and section placement .................................................................................................................................................. 124Using source control ....................................................................................................................................................................... 126

Source control capabilities ...................................................................................................................................................... 127Choosing your source-control provider ............................................................................................................................ 128Connecting to the source-control system ........................................................................................................................ 129Opening a project from source control ............................................................................................................................. 130Files source-control status ....................................................................................................................................................... 131Source-control operations ....................................................................................................................................................... 132Adding files to source control ............................................................................................................................................... 133Checking files out ........................................................................................................................................................................ 134Checking files in ........................................................................................................................................................................... 135Undoing a check out .................................................................................................................................................................. 136Getting the latest version ........................................................................................................................................................ 137Showing differences between files ..................................................................................................................................... 138Merging files .................................................................................................................................................................................. 139Source-control explorer ............................................................................................................................................................ 140Source-control properties ........................................................................................................................................................ 141Visual SourceSafe provider ..................................................................................................................................................... 142SourceOffSite provider .............................................................................................................................................................. 143Subversion provider ................................................................................................................................................................... 144CVS provider .................................................................................................................................................................................. 146

Package management .................................................................................................................................................................... 148Exploring your application ........................................................................................................................................................... 152


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Project explorer ............................................................................................................................................................................ 153Source navigator window ........................................................................................................................................................ 158Symbol browser ........................................................................................................................................................................... 160Memory usage window ............................................................................................................................................................ 165

Editing your code ............................................................................................................................................................................. 168Basic editing ................................................................................................................................................................................... 169

Moving the insertion point ................................................................................................................................................ 170Selecting text ............................................................................................................................................................................ 171Adding text ................................................................................................................................................................................ 172Deleting text ............................................................................................................................................................................. 173Using the clipboard ............................................................................................................................................................... 174Undo and redo ......................................................................................................................................................................... 175Drag and drop .......................................................................................................................................................................... 176Searching .................................................................................................................................................................................... 177

Advanced editing ........................................................................................................................................................................ 178Indenting source code .......................................................................................................................................................... 179Commenting out sections of code .................................................................................................................................. 180Changing letter case ............................................................................................................................................................. 181Indenting .................................................................................................................................................................................... 182

Bookmarks ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 183Find and Replace window ....................................................................................................................................................... 185Clipboard-ring window ............................................................................................................................................................. 187Regular expressions ................................................................................................................................................................... 189

Debugging windows ....................................................................................................................................................................... 191Locals window .............................................................................................................................................................................. 192Globals window ............................................................................................................................................................................ 194Watch window .............................................................................................................................................................................. 196Register window .......................................................................................................................................................................... 199Memory window .......................................................................................................................................................................... 202Breakpoints window .................................................................................................................................................................. 205Call Stack window ....................................................................................................................................................................... 209Threads window ........................................................................................................................................................................... 212Execution Profile window ........................................................................................................................................................ 216Trace window ................................................................................................................................................................................ 217Debug file search editor ........................................................................................................................................................... 218

Breakpoint expressions ................................................................................................................................................................. 220Debug expressions .......................................................................................................................................................................... 221Utility windows .................................................................................................................................................................................. 222

Output window ............................................................................................................................................................................ 223Properties window ...................................................................................................................................................................... 224Targets window ............................................................................................................................................................................ 225


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Terminal emulator window ..................................................................................................................................................... 229Script Console window ............................................................................................................................................................. 230Debug Immediate window ...................................................................................................................................................... 231Downloads window .................................................................................................................................................................... 232Latest News window .................................................................................................................................................................. 233

Memory-map editor ........................................................................................................................................................................ 234Environment options dialog ........................................................................................................................................................ 237

Building Environment Options .............................................................................................................................................. 238Debugging Environment Options ........................................................................................................................................ 240IDE Environment Options ........................................................................................................................................................ 243Programming Language Environment Options ............................................................................................................. 248Source Control Environment Options ................................................................................................................................ 252Text Editor Environment Options ........................................................................................................................................ 254Windows Environment Options ............................................................................................................................................ 258

Target interfaces ............................................................................................................................................................................... 261CrossConnect Target Interface .............................................................................................................................................. 264MSP430 Flash Emulation Tool Target Interface ............................................................................................................. 265MSP430 DLL Target Interface ................................................................................................................................................. 266MSP430 Core Simulator Target Interface ......................................................................................................................... 267

C Compiler User Guide ....................................................................................................................................................................... 269Command line options .................................................................................................................................................................. 270

-ansi (Warn about potential ANSI problems) .................................................................................................................. 271-D (Define macro symbol) ........................................................................................................................................................ 272-g (Generate debugging information) ............................................................................................................................... 273-I (Define user include directories) ...................................................................................................................................... 274-J (Define system include directories) ................................................................................................................................ 275-m (Set MSP430 code memory size) .................................................................................................................................... 276-mcpux (Enable MSP430X processor) ................................................................................................................................. 277-mmpy (Enable hardware multiplier) ................................................................................................................................. 278-msd (Treat double as float) ................................................................................................................................................... 279-o (Set output file name) .......................................................................................................................................................... 280-O (Optimize code generation) .............................................................................................................................................. 281-Or (Optimize register allocation) ........................................................................................................................................ 282-Rc (Set default code section name) ................................................................................................................................... 283-Rd (Set default initialized data section name) .............................................................................................................. 284-Ri (Set default ISR section name) ........................................................................................................................................ 285-Rk (Set default read-only section name) ......................................................................................................................... 286-Rv (Set default vector section name) ................................................................................................................................ 287-Rz (Set default zeroed section name) ............................................................................................................................... 288-V (Version information) ........................................................................................................................................................... 289-w (Suppress warnings) ............................................................................................................................................................ 290


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-we (Treat warnings as errors) ............................................................................................................................................... 291Preprocessor predefined symbols ............................................................................................................................................ 292Pragmas ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 294

#pragma codeseg ........................................................................................................................................................................ 295#pragma dataseg ......................................................................................................................................................................... 296#pragma constseg ....................................................................................................................................................................... 297#pragma zeroedseg .................................................................................................................................................................... 298#pragma vectorseg ..................................................................................................................................................................... 299#pragma isrseg ............................................................................................................................................................................. 300#pragma vector ............................................................................................................................................................................ 301

Section control .................................................................................................................................................................................. 302Section overrides ......................................................................................................................................................................... 303Absolute data object placement .......................................................................................................................................... 304

Type-based enumerations ............................................................................................................................................................ 305Special functions ............................................................................................................................................................................... 306

Interrupt functions ...................................................................................................................................................................... 307Monitor functions ........................................................................................................................................................................ 309Top-level functions ..................................................................................................................................................................... 310

External naming convention ....................................................................................................................................................... 311Data representation ........................................................................................................................................................................ 312Register use ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 313

Assembler User Guide ......................................................................................................................................................................... 315Command-line syntax .................................................................................................................................................................... 316

-D (Define macro symbol) ........................................................................................................................................................ 317-g (Generate debugging information) ............................................................................................................................... 318-I (Define user include directories) ...................................................................................................................................... 319-J (Define system include directories) ................................................................................................................................ 320-o (Set output file name) .......................................................................................................................................................... 321-Rc (Set default code section name) ................................................................................................................................... 322-Rd (Set default initialized data section name) .............................................................................................................. 323-Ri (Set default ISR section name) ........................................................................................................................................ 324-Rk (Set default read-only section name) ......................................................................................................................... 325-Rv (Set default vector section name) ................................................................................................................................ 326-Rz (Set default zeroed section name) ............................................................................................................................... 327-V (Version information) ........................................................................................................................................................... 328-w (Suppress warnings) ............................................................................................................................................................ 329-we (Treat warnings as errors) ............................................................................................................................................... 330

Source format .................................................................................................................................................................................... 331Types ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 333Built-in types ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 334Array types .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 335


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Pointer types ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 336Structure types .................................................................................................................................................................................. 337Compilation units and libraries ................................................................................................................................................. 338Directive reference .......................................................................................................................................................................... 339

ALIGN ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 340BREAK ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 341BSS ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 342CODE .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 343CONST ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 344DATA .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 345DB ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 346DC.B ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 347DC.W .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 348DC.L .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 349DL ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 350DS.B .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 351DSECT ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 352DS.L .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 353DS.W .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 354DV ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 355DW ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 356ELSE .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 357END .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 358ENDIF ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 359EQU .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 360EVEN .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 361EXPORT ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 362FILL ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 363IF .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 364IMPORT ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 365INCLUDE ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 366INCLUDEBIN .................................................................................................................................................................................... 367INIT ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 368ISR ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 369KEEP ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 370PSECT ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 371RMB .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 372RML .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 373RMW ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 374RODATA ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 375ROOT ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 376


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RSEG ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 377SET ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 378TEXT ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 379USECT ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 380VECTORS .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 381ZDATA ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 382

Expressions .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 383Labels ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 385Operators ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 386

! ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 387$ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 388+ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 389- ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 390* ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 391/ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 392% ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 393^ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 394& .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 395&& ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 396== ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 397!= ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 398< ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 399= ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 403>> ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 404| ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 405|| ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 406ASHR .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 407DEFINED ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 408ENDOF ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 409EQ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 410GE ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 411GT ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 412HBYTE ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 413HIGH ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 414HWORD ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 415LAND .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 416LBYTE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 417LE ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 418


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LNOT .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 419LOR ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 420LT ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 421LHALF ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 422LOW .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 423LWORD .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 424NE ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 425OR ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 426SHL ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 427SHR ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 428SIZEOF ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 429STARTOF .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 430THIS .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 431UHALF ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 432XOR .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 433

Macros ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 434C Library User Guide ............................................................................................................................................................................ 437

Floating point .................................................................................................................................................................................... 438Single and double precision ................................................................................................................................................... 439

Multithreading ................................................................................................................................................................................... 441Thread safety in the CrossWorks library ........................................................................................................................... 442Implementing mutual exclusion in the C library ........................................................................................................... 443

Input and output .............................................................................................................................................................................. 444Customizing putchar .................................................................................................................................................................. 445

Complete API reference ................................................................................................................................................................. 450 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 452

__assert ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 453assert ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 454

................................................................................................................................................................... 455debug_abort ............................................................................................................................................................................. 458debug_break ............................................................................................................................................................................. 459debug_clearerr ......................................................................................................................................................................... 460debug_enabled ........................................................................................................................................................................ 461debug_exit ................................................................................................................................................................................. 462debug_fclose ............................................................................................................................................................................. 463debug_feof ................................................................................................................................................................................ 464debug_ferror ............................................................................................................................................................................. 465debug_fflush ............................................................................................................................................................................. 466debug_fgetc .............................................................................................................................................................................. 467debug_fgetpos ......................................................................................................................................................................... 468debug_fgets .............................................................................................................................................................................. 469


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debug_filesize .......................................................................................................................................................................... 470debug_fopen ............................................................................................................................................................................ 471debug_fprintf ........................................................................................................................................................................... 472debug_fprintf_c ....................................................................................................................................................................... 473debug_fputc .............................................................................................................................................................................. 474debug_fputs .............................................................................................................................................................................. 475debug_fread .............................................................................................................................................................................. 476debug_freopen ........................................................................................................................................................................ 477debug_fscanf ............................................................................................................................................................................ 478debug_fscanf_c ........................................................................................................................................................................ 479debug_fseek .............................................................................................................................................................................. 480debug_fsetpos ......................................................................................................................................................................... 481debug_ftell ................................................................................................................................................................................. 482debug_fwrite ............................................................................................................................................................................ 483debug_getargs ......................................................................................................................................................................... 484debug_getch ............................................................................................................................................................................. 485debug_getchar ......................................................................................................................................................................... 486debug_getd ............................................................................................................................................................................... 487debug_getenv .......................................................................................................................................................................... 488debug_getf ................................................................................................................................................................................ 489debug_geti ................................................................................................................................................................................. 490debug_getl ................................................................................................................................................................................. 491debug_getll ............................................................................................................................................................................... 492debug_gets ................................................................................................................................................................................ 493debug_getu ............................................................................................................................................................................... 494debug_getul .............................................................................................................................................................................. 495debug_getull ............................................................................................................................................................................. 496debug_kbhit .............................................................................................................................................................................. 497debug_loadsymbols .............................................................................................................................................................. 498debug_perror ............................................................................................................................................................................ 499debug_printf ............................................................................................................................................................................. 500debug_printf_c ........................................................................................................................................................................ 501debug_putchar ........................................................................................................................................................................ 502debug_puts ............................................................................................................................................................................... 503debug_remove ......................................................................................................................................................................... 504debug_rename ......................................................................................................................................................................... 505debug_rewind .......................................................................................................................................................................... 506debug_runtime_error ........................................................................................................................................................... 507debug_scanf .............................................................................................................................................................................. 508debug_scanf_c ......................................................................................................................................................................... 509debug_system 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debug_time ............................................................................................................................................................................... 511debug_tmpfile .......................................................................................................................................................................... 512debug_tmpnam ....................................................................................................................................................................... 513debug_ungetc .......................................................................................................................................................................... 514debug_unloadsymbols ......................................................................................................................................................... 515debug_vfprintf ......................................................................................................................................................................... 516debug_vfscanf .......................................................................................................................................................................... 517debug_vprintf ........................................................................................................................................................................... 518debug_vscanf ........................................................................................................................................................................... 519

................................................................................................................................................................................. 520__float32_add ........................................................................................................................................................................... 526__float32_add_1 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 527__float32_add_asgn .............................................................................................................................................................. 528__float32_div ............................................................................................................................................................................ 529__float32_div_asgn ................................................................................................................................................................ 530__float32_eq ............................................................................................................................................................................. 531__float32_eq_0 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 532__float32_lt ................................................................................................................................................................................ 533__float32_lt_0 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 534__float32_mul ........................................................................................................................................................................... 535__float32_mul_asgn .............................................................................................................................................................. 536__float32_neg ........................................................................................................................................................................... 537__float32_sqr ............................................................................................................................................................................ 538__float32_sub ........................................................................................................................................................................... 539__float32_sub_asgn ............................................................................................................................................................... 540__float32_to_float64 ............................................................................................................................................................. 541__float32_to_int16 ................................................................................................................................................................. 542__float32_to_int32 ................................................................................................................................................................. 543__float32_to_int64 ................................................................................................................................................................. 544__float32_to_uint16 .............................................................................................................................................................. 545__float32_to_uint32 .............................................................................................................................................................. 546__float32_to_uint64 .............................................................................................................................................................. 547__float64_add ........................................................................................................................................................................... 548__float64_add_1 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 549__float64_add_asgn .............................................................................................................................................................. 550__float64_div ............................................................................................................................................................................ 551__float64_div_asgn ................................................................................................................................................................ 552__float64_eq ............................................................................................................................................................................. 553__float64_eq_0 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 554__float64_lt ................................................................................................................................................................................ 555__float64_lt_0 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 556


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__float64_mul ........................................................................................................................................................................... 557__float64_mul_asgn .............................................................................................................................................................. 558__float64_neg ........................................................................................................................................................................... 559__float64_sqr ............................................................................................................................................................................ 560__float64_sub ........................................................................................................................................................................... 561__float64_sub_asgn ............................................................................................................................................................... 562__float64_to_float32 ............................................................................................................................................................. 563__int16_asr ................................................................................................................................................................................ 564__int16_asr_asgn .................................................................................................................................................................... 565__int16_div ................................................................................................................................................................................ 566__int16_div_asgn .................................................................................................................................................................... 567__int16_lsl .................................................................................................................................................................................. 568__int16_lsl_asgn ...................................................................................................................................................................... 569__int16_lsr .................................................................................................................................................................................. 570__int16_lsr_asgn ..................................................................................................................................................................... 571__int16_mod ............................................................................................................................................................................. 572__int16_mod_asgn ................................................................................................................................................................. 573__int16_mul ............................................................................................................................................................................... 574__int16_mul_8x8 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 575__int16_mul_asgn .................................................................................................................................................................. 576__int16_to_float32 ................................................................................................................................................................. 577__int16_to_float64 ................................................................................................................................................................. 578__int32_asr ................................................................................................................................................................................ 579__int32_asr_asgn .................................................................................................................................................................... 580__int32_div ................................................................................................................................................................................ 581__int32_div_asgn .................................................................................................................................................................... 582__int32_lsl .................................................................................................................................................................................. 583__int32_lsl_asgn ...................................................................................................................................................................... 584__int32_lsr .................................................................................................................................................................................. 585__int32_lsr_asgn ..................................................................................................................................................................... 586__int32_mod ............................................................................................................................................................................. 587__int32_mod_asgn ................................................................................................................................................................. 588__int32_mul ............................................................................................................................................................................... 589__int32_mul_16x16 ............................................................................................................................................................... 590__int32_mul_asgn .................................................................................................................................................................. 591__int32_to_float32 ................................................................................................................................................................. 592__int32_to_float64 ................................................................................................................................................................. 593__int64_asr ................................................................................................................................................................................ 594__int64_asr_asgn .................................................................................................................................................................... 595__int64_div ................................................................................................................................................................................ 596__int64_div_asgn .................................................................................................................................................................... 597


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__int64_lsl .................................................................................................................................................................................. 598__int64_lsl_asgn ...................................................................................................................................................................... 599__int64_lsr .................................................................................................................................................................................. 600__int64_lsr_asgn ..................................................................................................................................................................... 601__int64_mod ............................................................................................................................................................................. 602__int64_mod_asgn ................................................................................................................................................................. 603__int64_mul ............................................................................................................................................................................... 604__int64_mul_32x32 ............................................................................................................................................................... 605__int64_mul_asgn .................................................................................................................................................................. 606__int64_to_float32 ................................................................................................................................................................. 607__int64_to_float64 ................................................................................................................................................................. 608__uint16_div ............................................................................................................................................................................. 609__uint16_div_asgn ................................................................................................................................................................. 610__uint16_mod .......................................................................................................................................................................... 611__uint16_mod_asgn .............................................................................................................................................................. 612__uint16_mul_8x8 .................................................................................................................................................................. 613__uint16_to_float32 .............................................................................................................................................................. 614__uint16_to_float64 .............................................................................................................................................................. 615__uint32_div ............................................................................................................................................................................. 616__uint32_div_asgn ................................................................................................................................................................. 617__uint32_mod .......................................................................................................................................................................... 618__uint32_mod_asgn .............................................................................................................................................................. 619__uint32_mul_16x16 ............................................................................................................................................................. 620__uint32_to_float32 .............................................................................................................................................................. 621__uint32_to_float64 .............................................................................................................................................................. 622__uint64_div ............................................................................................................................................................................. 623__uint64_div_asgn ................................................................................................................................................................. 624__uint64_mod .......................................................................................................................................................................... 625__uint64_mod_asgn .............................................................................................................................................................. 626__uint64_mul_32x32 ............................................................................................................................................................. 627__uint64_to_float32 .............................................................................................................................................................. 628__uint64_to_float64 .............................................................................................................................................................. 629

........................................................................................................................................................................................ 630isalnum ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 631isalpha .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 632isblank .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 633i

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Msp430 Crossworks Reference Manual