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8/14/2019 MSW Treatment State of the Art Gualtieri
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MSW TreatmentState of the Art
Stefano Gualtieri
Kozany5th May 2009
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Suez EnvironnementResults 2008
• EMPLOYEES
65 382
•CONSOLIDATED REVENUES
€ 12,4 Billion
Turnover by geographical areaThe diversity of SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT’s
international positions is the result of a
selective strategy aimed at seizing
opportunities for profitable growth.
Employees by geographical area65,000 employees, 30,000 of whom
Are in France (75,000 including
AGBAR employees
Turnover by activitySUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT’s business is based on two
balanced activities: a solid and growing European
base as well as an international platform geared
towards profitable and growing markets.
SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT IS THE SOLE
PLAYER OF GLOBAL SIZE DEDICATEDSOLELY TO THE ENVIRONMENT.
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WASTE KEY FIGURES
More than 400,000 industrials and commercial clients
42 millions tons of waste treated
1,024 waste treatment and reuse/ recovery/ recycling
sites, including :
252 sorting centres
116 composting platforms
146 open landfills
133 hazardous waste platform
48 non-hazardous Energy from Waste units
11 hazardous Energy from Waste units
9 medical waste treatment sites
312 transfer stations
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WASTE KEY FIGURES
SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT
Operates All Types of WasteManagement Systems
(No Proprietary Technologies)
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INTRAKAT & SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENTCooperation
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Table of Contents
• What strategy for MSW Treatment
• EU Packaging Directive 94/ 62/ EC
• Segregated Collection / Sorting P lant
• EU Landfill Directive 1999/ 31/ EC
• Energy from Waste (EfW)
• Mechanical, Biological Treatment (MBT)
• European Trends
• Conclusions
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What strategy for MSW Treatment
Regulation :
Waste Frame Directive (Hierarchy)
Packaging Directive
Landfill Directive
National Legislation
Tools :
Separate collection & sorting
plant
Mechanical Biological Treatment
Energy from Waste
Landfill
OUTLETS :
Recycling (metals, glass, paper, …)
Agriculture (compost, …)
Industry accepting SRF
Energy from Waste (Recovery)
Landfill
Drivers:1. Regulation2. Outlets3. Proven Technology
4. Cost efficiency / Affordability
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Packaging
Directive 94/62/EC
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EU Pack ag in g Di r ect iv e
•a minimum of 50 % by weight of the packagingwaste has to be recovered
•Within this general target:
- a minimum of 25 % by weight of the
totality of packaging materials contained inpackaging waste has to be recycled
- with a minimum of 15 % by weight for
each packaging material (Metals, Paper, Glass,Wood, Plastics, …)
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Segr egat ed Col lect ion
•The target of the Packaging Directive can only bereached with a segregated collection
•After this collection a sorting plant is necessaryto clean and separate the different fractions
•The ratio of segregated collection in WesternEurope is between 20 and 45% of MSW weight
•Typically 70 - 80 % of the segregated collectedwaste are recycled. The balance has to be treated(EfW, Landfill)
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LandfillDirective1999/31/EC
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100
0
75
50
35
0
20
40
60
80
100
%
1995 Date 5 Y 8 Y 15 Y
Bio fraction of MSW allowed to be landfilled
EU Landfill Directive
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How t o ach ieve EU Land f i l l D i rect i ve Targ e t
•Energy from Waste divert:± 100% biodegradable waste diversion
•Mechanical Biological Treatment:as a minimum stabilises biodegradablefraction prior to landfilling
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Energy from Waste
(EfW)
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Ef W Ar eas o f f ocu s
•EfW is an Integrated recovery stand alone solution
•Low dependency on external OUTLETS
•Proven technology (600 EfW worlwide)
•Strong Energy Production (500 to 600 kWh/t MSW and possibility to
use the heat) – Waste Frame Directive = Recovery (R1)
•Renewable Energy
Ef W A f f
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Ef W Ar eas o f f ocu s
•Material Recovery− Ferrous & Non Ferrous (5%)
− Bottom ash after sorting for Sub-base Road
Construction (20%) – depending on the national legislation (the case inGermany – France – Netherlands – Belgium – Luxembourg forbidden in Italy)
•Small Residue in landfill: 3 % Fly ash to be stabilized(Germany: Salt Mine as a recovery material)
•High Capital Investment Cost compared with landfill
•Limited operational cost due to the Energy Production
•The higher is the plant the lower are the global costtreatment
S E i t
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Suez EnvironnementRecent EfW Projects - Kirklees (UK)
•390 000 people•136 000 t•70 GWh/a
S E i t
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Suez EnvironnementRecent EfW Projects – Zorbau (Germany)
•Merchant plant•300 000 t/a•448 GWh/a
Suez Environnement
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Suez EnvironnementRecent EfW Projects – Isle of Man
•70 000 people•60 000 t/a
Suez Environnement
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Suez EnvironnementRecent EfW Projects – Argenteuil (Paris)
•510 000 people•200 000 t•120 GWh/a•Heat supplier
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Mechanical Biological
Treatment (MBT)
MBT OUTLETS!
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MBT OUTLETS!
± 50%
DRY fraction
MSW Trommel SRF-like ± 5 - 10 %
CO2 + H2O
Fine Fraction (High organic content)
Aerobic maturation
± 10 - 20 %Refining Stabilised
Residue
± 10 - 20 %
Compost
± 5 %Recyclables (Metals)
Mech an ical Bio log ical Tr eat m ent
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Mech an ical Bio log ical Tr eat m ent Ar eas o f fo cu s
• A complex process with succession of treatment steps (high operation cost)
• Difficulties to manage large quantity of waste
• MBT Plant itself has a Lower Capital CostInvestment than EfW but this is no longer the
case if a dedicated SRF Plant is taken intoaccount and has no interest if this Plant is anEfW!
Mech an ical Bio log ical Tr eat m ent
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High dependency on w aste composition & external outlets
SRF: ± 50%
Co combustion (Cement Kiln or Power Plant) at additional cost
EfW at cost of an EfW
Landfill
Stabilised Reject in Landfill: ± 10 – 20 %
Compost: 10 – 20 %
Agricultural reuse depends on National legislation
Spain & France allow it but under very stringent standards
Forbidden in Germany, Belgium, ItalyOdours & Dust require a specific management
Note: 1. Often sustainability of outlet market is not in the hand of the
public sector. In case of co combustion it is necessary to convinceIndustry and their neighbours to accept it.
2. Any Waste Treatment requires long term investments and securedoutlets for end products / residues, which is difficult to achieve with MBTtreatment.
Mech an ical Bio log ical Tr eat m ent Ar eas o f f ocu s
Mech an ical Bio log ical Tr eat m ent
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MBT is a Pre Treatment solution and not a endsolution
Global cost depend on external constraints and
In particular on Landfill taxes and cost
High Landfill taxes lead to more complex
treatment to find alternative outlets (refining
compost for example) but this complexity has a
cost
Mech an ical Bio log ical Tr eat m ent
Suez Environnement
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Suez EnvironnementRecent MBT Projects – Crobern (Germany)
300 000 t/a of MSW & CIW
Suez Environnement
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Suez EnvironnementRecent MBT Projects – Montpellier (Fr)
173 000 t/a MSW
Suez Environnement
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Suez EnvironnementRecent MBT Projects – Bruchsal Germany
100 000 t C&IW (no biological treatment)
European Trends (Eurosat)
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European Trends (Eurosat)
A practical example BELGIUM
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A practical example BELGIUM
Similarities with Greece
•Population: 10,5 Million people•Annual Waste Production: 5 Mt/a
A practical example BELGIUM
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A practical example BELGIUM
MSW Mt/a in Belgium - Treatment Evolution
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Landfill EfW Recycling Composting
Trends:•Landfill decrease due to the implementation of taxes and a landfill ban law in the North
•Incineration remain a way of treatment (note in Belgium, Incineration has increaseddue to the incineration of C&I Waste – not included in the graph)•Segregated Collection and sorting allows to increase the recycling and composting(very few MBT plant because there is no specific market for SRF in Belgium)
CONCLUSIONS
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•Treatment Strategy is highly influenced by local
regulations which can be more stringent than EUDirective (e.g. Germany with landfill “ban”)
•Taxes are also a strong driver (UK 40 £/t and 72 £/t
in 2013, Netherlands 100 €/t)•To achieve EU Directives:
Segregated Collection is needed
For the rest of MSW, there is not “one” uniquesolution
•Trends: Large quantities are managed at more
efficient cost on EfW
SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT
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SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT
Thank you for your attention