MT5: Theories of MotivationBy: Adriana Lopez, Angela Pabon, Janelly Perez

Essential Questions• What are the differences between Extrinsic and Intrinsic

Motivation?• What drives one to progress in school and progress within the

work place (in life)?• How are these motivations different between the different age

groups?

What is motivation?• Motivation is • an internal state that

arouses, directs, and maintains behavior• A desire to fulfill a

personal need• Internal mechanisms

that arouse and direct a persons behavior• Direction of ones

effort

Extrinsic Motivation• Motivation created by external factors.• Rewards • Punishments• Consequences

• Not interested in the activity for its own sake, but instead for possible gains.

Intrinsic Motivation• Associated with seeking out and conquering challenges in

pursuit of personal interests and the exercise of capabilities.• Examples:• Activities that are their own reward• Enjoyment of a task or the sense of accomplishment that it brings

Media• Extrinsic motivation• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFrrbDSEc2o

• Intrinsic motivation• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u5WY2RWWVkA

What drives one to progress in the work place or at school?

When applied to student learning…

Intrinsic • Eager to learn• Enjoy learning• Welcome challenges• Process information

effectively

Extrinsic • Reluctant to engage in

learning tasks• Dislike learning• Avoid challenges• Process information

superficially

How motivation affects students in their education:• Directs behavior toward goals• Increases effort and energy expended• Commencement in activities is sooner• Increases persistence in activities• Enhances thought processes• Determines what consequences are reinforcing• Leads to improved performance

Motivation Hygiene Theory (Frederick Herzberg)• Frederick Herzberg

concluded• Salary, fringe benefits,

and working conditions (hygiene factors aka extrinsic motivation)• Prevent dissatisfaction

however don’t motivate a worker

*Theory helped to focus on the importance of the intrinsic aspects*

Example• Adrianna has a job where she is paid well and where they offer

stable working conditions • However, she is not motivated because intrinsic factors only

contribute to satisfaction not motivation • Things that would motivate her would be• Recognition • Love for what she does• Achievement/Growth

Cognitive Evaluation Theory• Edward Deci and his colleges determined• Under certain conditions extrinsic rewards could decrease a

persons intrinsic motivation• If people believe that rewards provide positive information about

their own accomplishments intrinsic motivation increases• However, if they interpret the rewards as external control,

intrinsic motivation decreases

Example• Angela enjoys reading books• If she was asked to read books to elementary children

(knowing she loves working with children) for her grade in her Careers and Ed class her intrinsic motivation would still increase although there is an extrinsic factor

• However, if she didn’t like children but enjoyed reading, her intrinsic motivation would decrease because she is being forced to associate with children for her grade

The Overjustification Effect (Attribution Theory)• Intrinsic motivation may be decreased by extrinsic incentives• Rewarding people leads them to favor their behavior to the

extrinsic reward rather than to their intrinsic interest in the activity

*Intrinsic motivation is lower than if there were no extrinsic reward*

Example:• Angela enjoys writing• If her friends offer to pay her to write essays for them• Her intrinsic motivation would decrease only because Angela is

focusing on getting paid for writing rather than writing out of joy

The Expectancy Value Theory• Motivation is governed by

two things• Expectancy of success• Point of view and value

someone has towards success

• Value of goal• In terms of costs in pursuing

goal

• Everyone has a need for achievement• But in different amounts

• Combination of task value and expectation for success

Example:• If Janelly studies for her Physiology test, she has less time to

participate in her other activities such as ASB.• Thus…• if cost is too high, a person may avoid an activity

• In this case, she would avoid studying for the Physiology EOT in order to be able to engage in her ASB activity.

How are the two types of motivation different between age groups?

Children • Children are motivated

extrinsically rather than focusing on their own effort

• However, a child does seek approval from teachers and peers so they won’t looked upon negatively

• They are influenced by their environment

• At this age..• Intrinsic motivation is difficult

to teach/learn • Achievement rises faster with

extrinsic rewards

Teens• The significance of

extrinsic motivation is still there

• However, we begin to develop needs for intrinsic motivation/rewards

• The environment and their self esteem contributes to how a teen succeeds • Because teens still have

their own self actualization needs

Adults• High Intrinsic

motivation is more likely found in adults • External rewards can

be offered but this may decrease their intrinsic motivation• Extrinsic motivation

occurs when there is a serious fundamental need(s)

Work Cited • http://www.psychologyandsociety.com/motivation.html• http://www2.fiu.edu/~cryan/motivation/intrinsic.htm• http://www.education.com/reference/article/intrinsic-and-extrinsic-m

otivation/

• http://www.academia.edu/1323999/The_Difference_Between_Extrinsic_and_Intrinsic_Motivation

• http://ceo.usc.edu/pdf/Ledford_Fang_Gerhart_2013_Intrinsic_Rew_WaWJ.pdf

• http://www.slideshare.net/jtneill/intrinsic-extrinsic-motivation-and-goalsetting

• https://www.westminstercollege.edu/myriad/index.cfm?parent=2514&detail=4475&content=4798

• http://sitemaker.umich.edu/356.omo/young_child_motivation• http://

ruby.fgcu.edu/courses/80337/Friday/EDF6215%20Research.html• http://userpages.umbc.edu/~koconne1/605TheAdultLearner/ivse.htm