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 AmScope MT  USER MANUAL Version: 3.0.0.1

MT9000 and MA Series Cameras_Complete Manual_PC

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AmScope MT USER MANUAL 

Version: 3.0.0.1

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Operation Manual of AmScope MT

1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 2

Precautions 2

I.  Software & Driver Installation 3

II.  Using your camera for the first time 4

III.  Getting live video on screen 4

IV.  Live streaming video tools 5

V. 

Introduction to image processing 9a.  Standard toolbar 9

b.  Measurement toolbar 10

c.  Image toolbar 12

VI.  Calibration Wizard 14

VII.  Managing calibrations 16

VIII.  Advanced image processing functions 18

a. 

Image menu 18

b.  Filters menu 20

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Operation Manual of AmScope MT

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Introduction

Congratulations on the purchase of your new AmScope Microscope Camera! This manual is

designed for the MT series camera and software. The MT series camera is compatible with

microscopes equipped with 23mm, 30mm, 30.5mm, or C-mount trinocular (photo) ports. If

your microscope does not have a trinocular port, it is still possible to use the camera byinserting it into the 23mm, 30mm, or 30.5mm eyetube of the microscope. The MT series

software and driver is compatible with Windows based PC’s.

Please take a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the features and functions of your new

microscope camera. Do keep in mind that there may be slight variations between the

graphics and step-by-step instructions provided in this manual and what you see on your PC

screen while using the AmScope MT software. Because we are continually working to

improve our products, this manual is only meant to provide general guidelines for use and

operation. If you want more information on microscopes, cameras, parts, and accessories,

please visit our website at:

www.AmScope.com 

We recommend that you study this manual thoroughly before operating the microscope

camera and that you keep it on hand for future reference. If you have any doubts, concerns,

additional questions, or need assistance, please send us an email at:

[email protected] 

Please include the camera’s model number and invoice or order #in your email so that we

can identify your model and provide immediate help.

Precautions

(1)  As the microscope camera is a precision instrument, always handle it with care. Please

avoid shaking or dropping the device during transportation as this may damage the optical

components of the camera.

(2)  Avoid touching the glass lenses of the camera so that oil and dirt from your fingerprints

do not cause distortions in your view.

(3)  Do not place the microscope camera in direct sunlight or in high heat. Keep it indoors in

a dry and clean place with temperatures between 32°-100°F (0°-40°C), maximum relative

humidity: 85%

(4)  Never immerse the camera in water or any other liquid. To clean the body of the

camera, simply wipe it with a cloth slightly dampened with water. Do not use alcohol. To

clean the lenses of the camera, use only compressed air.

(5)  Always replace the protective lens cover after use. This is important since it prevents

dust and particles from accumulating on the lenses of your camera and obstructing your

view.

© Copyright 2010 by AmScope

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Operation Manual of AmScope MT

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I.  Software & Driver Installation

Whether you are installing from a disc or from the web, make sure to install both the

application (AmScope MT Software) and the driver that corresponds to your camera’s

model number (MT_ _ _).

FROM DISC1.  Insert CD into PC’s CD-rom

2.  Wait for your computer to detect the disc, then “Open folder to view files”

3.  Double click on the “Application” folder and run the “AmScope MT-en-Setup.exe”

4.  Follow the Setup Wizard prompts to install the AmScope MT software

5.  When finished, go back and double click on the “Driver” folder. Then run the Driver

Setup.exe that corresponds to the model number of your camera. You can locate

this number on your camera just below its USB plug

6.  Follow the Setup Wizard prompts

7.  Follow the Device Driver Installation Wizard prompts to install the AmScope MT

driver

8.  Setup is now complete!

NOTE: If your AmScope MT camera did not come with a disc or if your disc is

damaged, you may download both the software and driver from our website at

the URL below. Make sure to uninstall the non-working AmScope MT program

before reinstalling from the web.

FROM WEB

1.  Go to: www.amscope.com/download-mt 

2.  Click on the first link “amScope-mt.zip” folder and select “Open with WinRAR.zip”.

Click “OK”

3.  Open the folder that begins with “AmScope_MT_3…”

4.  Double click the application that begins with “AmScope MT-e…”

5.  Follow the Setup Wizard prompts to install the AmScope MT software

6.  When finished, go back to www.amscope.com/download-mt and click on the second

link, the “driver.zip” folder. Select “Open with WinRAR.zip”. Click “OK”

7.  Double click the application that begins with “MT_ _ _ Driver” making sure that the

numbers correspond to the model number of your camera. You can locate this

number on your camera just below its USB plug

8.  Follow the Setup Wizard prompts

9.  Follow the Device Driver Installation Wizard prompts to install the AmScope MTdriver.

10. Setup is now complete!

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II.  Using your camera for the first time

1.  Unscrew the lens protector from the camera head. Then carefully peel of the

protective plastic covering underneath.

2.  Unscrew the lens protector from the top of the camera tube (near the colored line).

Screw this end into the head of the camera.3.  Determine the size of your microscope’s photo port. If it is 23mm in diameter, you

can drop the camera directly into the port after unscrewing the lens protector from

the bottom of the camera tube. If it is 30mm, 30.5mm in diameter, or uses a c-mount,

you will have to use one of the metal adapters that came with your camera to make it

fit snugly into the port.

a.  Make sure the numbers on the adapter are right side up when you insert it

into the trinocular port of the microscope

b.   You may insert one of the rubber O-rings into the groove of the adapter if

you choose. The O-ring seals the connection between the adapter and the

photo port. This prevents the camera and adapter from moving around once

inserted into the microscope, which gives you a consistent image. However,

it also makes it more difficult to putting on and removing the adapter from

the microscope’s port. Since this a matter of personal preference, using the

O-Ring is optional.

4.  Once the camera is attached to the microscope, you may connect it to your PC using

the USB cord.

5.  After turning on your microscope and making sure your trinocular port is open, you

are now ready to open the AmScope MT software to make live observations, snap

photos, and record video! 

III.  Getting live video onscreen

1.  Locate the AmScope MT shortcut in the Start Menu, at the bottom left of your

desktop

2.   The program will start after you select its icon, and the start page will look like this:

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3.  Make sure your camera is attached to the computer via the USB cable.

4.  Double-click on the Camera icon to see streaming video from your microscope

camera. This live-view will appear in a new window labeled “AmScope MT” (below).

5.  However, if you get this pop up window instead (right), it

means your PC does not detect the camera. In this

case, make sure the correct driver was installed and

double check the USB cord’s connection to the camera

and the PC.

IV.  Live streaming video tools 

From the live-view window, you may adjust the image’s configuration (white balance, color,

contrast, exposure, cropping, etc.), snap photos, record video, and adjust photo and video sett ing

using the buttons on the lower left-hand corner of the screen. You may hide/show these buttons

by right clicking the toolbar, or with keyboard shortcut F11.

1.  Preview button 

Adjusts the resolution of the streaming video

a.  High Speed- displays the minimum resolution of the camera,

provides slightly smaller field of view

b.  Low Speed- displays the maximum resolution of the camera, provides slightly

wider field of view

2.  Snap button 

a.  Snap- takes a still image from the streaming video on screen and

saves them in .bpm, .jpeg, or .tiff format to the location of your

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choice. Wherever you choose to save the image file, it will also be displayed

on your start page.

b.  Snap Config- by selecting “Config…” from the drop down Snap

menu, you may change the settings of the still image that is saved to

the start page

i.  Use File Save Dialog- asks you for the name and file format of eachshot you take

ii.  Use File Save Config- allows you to preset naming and format rules

for each shot

1.  Name by sequence (Name +

numerical value) or by time-stamp

2.  Determines the format that the image will be

saved in

iii.   Time Lapse- when checked, this features tells the

software to take a series of pictures each time

“Snap” is pressed. “Count” indicates the

number of continuous shots to be taken.

“Space(s)” refers to the amount of seconds between each shot.

iv.  Resolution of Snap- use the drop down menu

to select the resolution (size) of the still

images to be taken. It is

recommended that you keep the

resolution constant for calibration

purposes (refer to section VI.

Calibrating Measurements)

v.  Use Fine Mode- when checked, this

feature will allow the live image tobe previewed at a high frame-rate,

but will images will be captured at a

low frame-rate. This feature only

comes with select camera models.

vi.  Click “OK” to save your settings

3.  Start Video button

a.  Start Video- starts recording video in .avi format from the

live-view window. Once this button is pressed, it turns into

the Stop Video button. Press it to stop recording video.

b.  Start Video Config- by selecting “Config…” from the drop

down Start Video menu, you may change the settings of the

video file that is saved to the start page.

i.  Use File Save Dialog- asks you for the name and file format of each

video you take

ii.  Use File Save Config- allows you to preset the

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names of videos recorded either by sequence (Name +numerical

value) or by time-stamp

iii.  Video Compressor – allows you to choose the compression of video

being recorded. Only certain cameras come with this feature.

iv.  Click “OK” to save your settings

4.  Auto WB button 

Automatic white balance is applied to the streaming video  5.  Exposure button 

Sets the exposure time for the streaming video, which is reflected by the green progress

bar at the bottom of the live-view screen

i.  Auto Exposure format of each shot you take

ii.  Manually adjust exposure in milliseconds

NOTE: If you want to record using a long exposure, press the

Long Exposure button on the start page before taking the

video. Please note that this feature only comes with selectcamera models.

6.  Cut button 

Allows you to zoom in on a portion of the streaming video

a.  After clicking the Cut button, use the rainbow colored cursor to click and

drag a box around the area you wish to examine

b.  Click “OK” to zoom in on this area, or click “Cancel” to redraw the box

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c.  Click the Restore button to return to normal view

7.  Property button 

Allows users to adjust the camera settings using the pop up “Digital Camera

Sett ing” dialogue box

a.  Main tab i.  Auto Exposure: automatically adjusts Exposure time (shutter speed)

and Gain (ISO) settings to get the proper amount of light for the

image 

ii.  Manual Exposure: allows you to

customize the Exposure time (shutter

speed) (Exposure Time) and Gain

(ISO)

iii.  White Balance: automatically adjusts

white balance to remove unrealistic

colors (does same thing as White

Balance button)

iv.  Default: resets all parameters to their

original setting

b.  Image Adjustment tab

i.  Image Adjust: adjusts the image’s

Gamma and Contrast on a scale of -20

to +20.

ii.  Color Enhancement: checking this box

allows you to change the image’s color

Saturation.

iii.  Monochrome (not illustrated):

checking this box allows you tochange the image’s color palette to

grey scale.

iv.  Flip: mirrors the image horizontally (H

Flip) and/or vertically (V Flip)

v.  Use Back Correction: this feature is

still in development and does not

come with most camera models.

c.  Parameter tab

i.  RGB: adjusts the image’s color balance

using RGB color channels

ii.  Frame Speed: this feature is still in

development and does not come with

most camera models.

iii.  Light Frequency: customizes the image

according to your microscope’s light

source (50Hz or 60 Hz)

iv.  Image Quality: choose between

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emphasizing smoothness or sharpness in the image

v.  Parameter Mode: allows you to save up to 3 different sets of

parameters and load them again later. To save a set of parameters,

select A, B, or C and click “Save”. To load a previously saved set of

parameters, select A, B, or C and click “Load”. Checking “Load this

mode when next start” sets the selected set of parameters as thedefault settings for next time

V.  Introduction to image processing 

From the AmScope MT start page window, you may select images you have previously captured

for editing. Once you double click an image, it will become a tab in the window (below). From the

image tab, you can make measurements, draw shapes and text boxes, modify and save the

image using the Standard , M easur e , and Image  toolbars. You may select which toolbars are

displayed under “View”, or by right-clicking the toolbar. You may also customize which buttons

are included in each toolbar by right-clicking the toolbar and selecting “customize”.

1.  Standard Toolbar

Performs functions related to viewing and saving the image

a.  Open: opens an existing image file in AmScope MTb.  Save As: saves a modified image under a name and format of your

choice

c.  Undo: undoes previous steps of image processing

d.  Redo: redoes previously undone image processing

e.  Move: if the image exceeds the boundaries of the AmScope MT

software window, Move allows you to view different areas of the

image within the window by dragging it with the mouse

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Operation Manual of AmScope MT

f.  Zoom In and Zoom Out: changes the magnification of

the image on screen without changing the image’s

actual size in pixels (keyboard shortcuts Num+ and

Num -) 

g.  Help: Provides information on your version of AmScope MT software 

(also under Help

About AmScope MT)

2.  Measurement Toolbar

Draw and measure the distance between points, the circumference and area of shapes,

angles, and arches. Default distance and area measurements are in pixels. To calibrate pixels

to correspond with real units of measurement (mm, cm, um, etc…), you must first calibrate

your image using the Calibration Wizard (see sectionVI. Calibration Wizard  ).

a.  Line: draws a line between two points and measures the distance

between them (below).

i.  Click once to establish the line’s starting point

ii.  Click a second time to establish the line’s ending point

b.  Rectangle: draws a rectangle and measures its height, width, area,

and perimeter

i.  Click once to establish the rectangle’s fixed corner

ii.  Click a second time to establish the rectangle’s opposite corner

c.  Circle: draws a circle and calculates its radius, area, and perimeter

i.  Click 3 points on the circle’s circumference

ii.  A circle will then be drawn based on these 3 points

d.  Polygon: draws a polygon and calculates its area and perimeter.

i.  Click once to establish the starting point for the polygon

ii.  Each single click thereafter indicates a corner

iii.  Double click to complete the polygon

e.  Angle: draws an angle and measures it in degrees

i.   The first click establishes the first arm of the angle

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ii.   The second click establishes the vertex of the angle

iii.   The third click establishes the second arm of the angle

f.  Arc: draws an arc and measures its angle, radius, and lenArc

i.   The first click establishes the starting point of the arc

ii.   The second click represents any point along the arc

iii.   The third click establishes the ending point of the arcg.  Point: draws a point with each click of the mouse

h.  Remark: adds a text caption on the image where you click by popping

up the Remark window (below). From here you may:

i.  Edit your remark

ii.  Change the background color of the text box or make it transparent

iii.  Edit the font by clicking “ABC”

iv.  Click “OK” to save your changes and insert your text into the image 

i.  Precision: determines the number of decimal points shown for each

measurement j.   Table: pops up the Measure Table window, which contains the

specifications of each item drawn in chart format (below). From here

you may:

i.  Save as a txt file

ii.  Save as an Excel file

iii.  Copies information to your clipboard

iv.  C

o

p

t

h

e

k.  L

o

c

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k.  Lock: locks in the current calibration settings 

l.  Select: selects different items on the image

i.  Allows you to move the drawn shapes, points, measurement

info, remarks, and scale by dragging them with the mouse

ii.  By double-clicking a measurement or its info text box, the Properties

window pops up, which allows you to change the appearance of theShape and Text (below)

m.  Delete: allows you to delete previously drawn items and remarks

n.  Calibrate: opens the Calibration Wizard, which allows you to make

measurements in real units. For step-by-step guidelines on how to use the

Calibration Wizard, please refer to sectionVI. Calibration Wizard

o.  Calibration Table: shows previously saved calibrations from which you may

select one to be applied to your current image. For step-by-step guidelines

on how to use the Calibration Table, refer to sectionVII. Managing

Calibrations 

p.   To show and hide the scale in the upper right hand corner of the image, go

to MeasureShow Scale Line

3.  Image Toolbar

The Image Toolbar makes basic adjustments to the size and appearance of images

a.  Rotate: allows you to rotate the image using the pop up the Rotate window

(below). Different ways of rotating the image include:

i.  Pressing the 90 degree rotation arrows

ii.  Dragging the Angle [degrees] setting bariii.  Manually typing in the desired degree of rotation

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b.  Flip: flips the image vertically

Please note that the drawn components and measurements you have added

to the image will not be flipped with the image unless you Save As first (in some

cases, you may have to close the newly saved image and reopen)

c.  Mirror: flips the image horizontally

Please note that the drawn components and measurements you have added

to the image will not be mirrored with the image unless you Save As first (in some

cases, you may have to close the newly saved image and reopen)

d.  Skew: allows you to pivot and skew the image using x and y coordinates

Please note that the drawn components and measurements you have added to

the image will not be skewed accordingly with the image unless you Save As first

(in some cases, you may have to close the newly saved image and reopen)

e.  Resample: allows you to change the actual pixel size of the image using eitherSize factor or Pixel Width x Height

i.  Size factor- adjusts image size by multiplying it by a number

ii.  Pixel Width x Height- adjusts image size by specifying particular

length and/or width dimensions

Please note that the drawn components and measurements you have added to

the image will not get resized with the image unless you Save As first (in some

cases, you may have to close the newly saved image and reopen). Also, please

consider using Resample to adjust your image’s size only after you are done

drawing and making measurements. If you continue to make measurements with

the same calibration setting you were using before resizing, the new

measurements will not be accurate. For more information and detailed calibration

instructions please refer to section VI. Calibration Wizard  

f.  Crop: allows you to crop an image to reflect your selection.

i.  First go to Edit Tracker

ii.  Make your selection on the image

iii.  Click “Crop”

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However, the drawn components and measurements you have added to the

image will not get cropped accordingly with the image unless you Save As first (in

some cases, you may have to close the newly saved image and reopen)  

g.  Gray Scale: changes your color image to grey scale (below)

h.  Negative: inverts the colors of your image

VI.  Calibration Wizard 

If you are using a biological (or high-powered) microscope, you will need a micrometer (or micro

ruler) with an overall length of 1mm and increments of 0.01mm (or 10um) to calibrate your

software and convert pixel measurements to real units. It is recommended that the micrometer

used for calibration can be traced to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

or a similar organization (NIST micro rulers are available from AmScope at www.amscope.com  ).

If you are using a stereo or low-powered microscope, you can do this with a regular ruler.

1.  First, focus the micro ruler in your field of view and hook up your camera to your PC

as you would do with a normal slide2.   Take a separate picture of the micro ruler for each level of magnification you plan on

making measurements in. Also, please make sure the resolution of the micrometer

image and the resolution of the image to be measured on are the same

For example, if you use the MT camera with the 10X objective to take a

1600x1200 picture of a cell, you must also use the MT camera with the 10x

objective to take a 1600x1200 picture of the micro ruler. This ensures that your

measurements on the image of the cell will be accurate. For instructions on how

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to change the Snap resolution, please refer to section 2-b-iv under section IV. Live

streaming video tools  

3.  Open the image that you plan to make measurements on with the AmScope MT

4.  Once the image is open in its own tab, click “Calibrate” to make the Calibration

Wizard window pop up (below) 

a.  Click on the Load Image button and select the image

of the micro ruler you wish to use for calibration.

Click “open”

b.   The image will now pop up in the Calibration Wizard. Adjust the zoom using

the buttons in the upper left hand corner so that you can clearly see as much

of the image as possiblec.  Choose a vertical line on the micro ruler and click once to establish the

starting point of your calibrating measurement. Move your cursor to another

vertical line on the same plane as the first and click to establish the end point

(below):

The greater the distance between the starting and ending points, the more

accurate the measurement  

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d.  Now, you will fill in the Scale Info. When doing so, make sure you keep in

mind the appropriate unit of measure for the level of magnification you are

using. Once you apply the calibration setting to an image, all measurements

made on the image will reflect the units established in these following steps:

i.  Name the calibration: it is helpful to put the

magnification level of the objective here, aswell as the resolution of the image.

For example “10X, 1200*1600”

ii.  Length: tells the Calibration Wizard how

long the line is

iii.  MeaUnit: make sure the unit of measurement

corresponds to the length you just filled in

e.  Once you click “OK” a label will pop up to confirm the name of the

calibration and the length with units you just set (below)

f.  If you enter the wrong information or wish to choose another image at any

point, just press the Back key near the bottom of the screen

g.  Once you are satisfied with the settings, click “Finish” to save this calibration

and add it to your Calibration Table. The Calibration Wizard closes

automatically, bringing you back to the image tab

5.   You do not have to go through the above steps each time you open AmScope MT.

Once you save a calibration in the Calibration Wizard, you can apply it to any image

thereafter. Just be sure that the image you apply the calibration to has the same

magnification level and resolution of the calibration image. This is why it is helpful to

include both the magnification and resolution when naming the calibration (under this

section in step 4-d-i)

VII.  Managing Calibrations 

To apply a pre-saved calibration sett ing to an image, you will use the Calibration Table to select

the desired calibration. However, when you are selecting which calibration to use, make sure that

the magnification powers and the resolutions of the two images (calibration image and image

being measured) match.

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1.  Click “Calibration Table” to access the pop up window from which you can do the

following (below):

a.  View pre-saved calibrations

b.  Apply pre-saved calibrations to the current image

i.  Highlight the desired calibration

ii.  Click “Apply To Image”c.  Adding and Deleting pre-saved calibrations

i.  Deleting 

1.  Highlight the calibration to be deleted

2.  Click “Delete” 

ii.  Adding

1.  Make sure no pre-saved calibrations are highlighted 

2.  Fill in the Name, Pixels, Length, and select the

Measurement Unit for the new calibration 

3.  Click “Add” 

d.  Editing pre-saved calibrations

i.  Highlight the calibration to be edited (below) 

ii.  Make the desired changes to the Name, Pixels, Length, and

Measurement Unit sections on the right. Note that the “Length” will

not recalculate automatically when the unit of measurement is

modified under “MeaUnit”. Therefore, if you wish to change the unit

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of measurement, you must also make sure to change the Length

correspondingly

iii.  Click “Save” to preserve changes

2.  Checklist for ensuring accurate measurements:

a.   The image of the micro ruler used for calibration should have been taken

using the same magnification level as the image being measuredb.   The image of the micro ruler used for calibration should be the same

resolution (size) as the image of the image being measured

c.  Do not Resample (change the pixel size of) the image being measured until:

i.  All measurements have been made

ii.  Image has been saved with measurements

Resample should only be used to change the size of the entire image with

completed measurements as a whole. Do not use "Resample" if you are simply

adjusting the view of the image in the middle of making measurements. For this,

use the Zoom buttons instead.

VIII.  Advanced image processing functions 

In addit ion to the basic image processing functions covered in section V. Intro to Image

Processing, there are many advanced processes that can be applied to your image. These

processes can be found under the “Image” and “Filters” categories above the toolbars. Please

note that the drawn components and measurements you have added to the image will not be

processed along with the rest of the image unless you Save As first (in some cases, you may have

to close the newly saved image and reopen it)

1.  Image menu a.  Set Transparency: makes a splattering of pixels transparent when you click

the mouse (this feature does not come with all camera models)

b.  Remove Transparency: removes transparent pixels created with “Set

 Transparency”

c.  Alpha Channel

Refers to modifications that are made to the portion of each pixel’s data that is

reserved for transparency information

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i.  Opacity: allows you to modify the

opacity/transparency of your image

manually. Doing so prepares the image to

be processed by the Split, Strip, and Invert,

functions.

ii.  Remove: removes the transparency effect that the Opacity andCreate from Lightness functions apply to the image

iii.  Split: after applying “Create from Lightness” to the image, the Split

function automatically generates a new b/w image from the original

iv.  Strip: after applying “Create from Lightness” to the image, Strip

removes the transparency, creating a new, lighter, opaque image

v.  Invert: after applying “Create from Lightness” to the image, Invert

reverses the colors of the image

vi.   Toggle Alpha Palette: this feature is still in development and does not

come with all camera models

vii.  Create from Lightness: based on the level of lightness in the image,

“Create from Lightness” adjusts the image’sopacity so that it is semi-transparent. This

prepares the image to be processed by the Split,

Strip, and Invert, functions.

d.  Dither: pops up Dither menu, where you can choose

between different b/w dithering patterns to apply to the

image

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2.  Filters menu

a.   Threshold: converts an image into a

high-contrast black and white image depending

on the number you enter in the Threshold

pop-up window, all pixels brighter than the

number are converted into white, while thosethat are darker are converted into black

b.  Colorize: pops up the Colorize window

where you can adjust the RGB color and

HSL space of an image

i.  HSL: varies the hue, saturation and

blend in the image

ii.  Split: varies the values of red, green,

and blue in the image

iii.  Click “OK” to save changes

c.  Light/Contrast/Gamma: allows you to manually adjust the appearance of the

image using these 3 functions (below)

d.  Linear

i.  Blur: smoothes the entire image by slightly decreasing the color

contrast between neighboring pixels

ii.  Soften: smoothes out sharpness by applying the blur effect to

prominent edges

iii.  Gaussian 3x3: applies a thick blur effect using the Gaussian algorithm

iv.  Gaussian 3x5: applies a thick blur effect using the Gaussian algorithm

v.  Sharpen: sharpens the image by increasing contrast between

neighboring pixels

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vi.  Edge: underlines an image’s edges to draw attention to boundary

lines

vii.  Emboss: creates a raised 3D effect by emphasizing the image’s outline

and decreasing the color values of neighboring areas

e.  Non-linear

i.  Add Noise: creates random interference pixels in the imageii.  Median: adjusts each pixel in the image to reflect its medium intensity

iii.  Erode: gives the image a disintegrating effect

iv.  Dilate: widens and expands the image

v.  Contour: draws find lines along the edges of different colors in the

image, and identifies the contour lines of each color channel

vi.  Edge: creates prominent edges in the image based on boundary lines

vii.   Jitter: gives the image an undulation effect 

f.  Circle Transform

i.  Pinch: distorts the image by pinching it in the center

ii.  Punch: distorts the image by swirling it from the center

iii.   Twirl: distorts the image by giving it an overall swirled look

iv.  Cylinder: distorts the image by stretching it over a cylinder

v.  Bathroom: distorts the image by applying a watery texture to it

g.  Pseudo Colors: makes certain details more visible by applying shades of blue

to the image’s negative values and greens and browns to the image’s positive

values

h.  Split: splits the color images into several different channels, each with their

own tab, according to the systems below

i.  Split to RGB: based on an industry standard that divides color into

red, green, and blue

ii.  Split to HSL: based on an industry standard that divides color intohue, saturation, and lightness

iii.  Split to YUV: based on the color standard of European TV systems

with Y representing luma and UV representing color difference

iv.  Split to YIQ: based on the color standard of North American TV

systems with Y representing grayscale and I and Q representing

color and saturation

v.  Split to XYZ: based on the region-growing approach of XYZ space

vi.  Split to CMYK: based on a color standard adopted by the printing

industry- cyan, magenta, yellow, black

i.  Combine: pops up the Combine window where you can blend color channels

from 2 or more open images to create a new image (below)

i. 

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 j.  FFT: stands for “fast Fourier transformation”,

which represents a function that has many

applications, including separating and

removing periodical patterns and analyzing

and enhancing certain periodical patterns

i.  Real: selects the image to be transformedii.  Imaginary: selects the image towards which the transformation is

oriented

iii.  Inverse: checking this option allows the function to invert the image

during transformation

iv.  Compute Magnitude: checking this allows the function to calculate

absolute value during the transformation

v.  Force FFT: checking this option represents the approval to the

occurrence of Force FFT during the transformation

vi.  Click “OK” to initiate these changes

k.  Repair: pops up the Repair window where you

can use smart blurring to remove small defects

and artifacts in the image

i.  Color: choose between RGB, HSL, YUV,

 YIQ, and XYZ color spaces

ii.  Radius: normally between 0.01 and 0.5

iii.  Iteration: should correspond with the radius so that

(radius*iteration)<1

iv.  Click “OK” to initiate these changes

l.  Mix: pops up the Mix window where you can blend 2 or more open images

to create a new image without using color channels such as RBG, HSL, and

etc. (below)