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REGULATIONS(w.e.f. 2012-13 admitted batch)
1.0 ADMISSIONS1.1 Admissions into M.Tech. (Power System & Automation) programme of
GITAM University are governed by GITAM University admission
regulations.
2.0 ELIGIBILTY CRITERIA2.1 A pass in B E / B Tech / AMIE or equivalent in ECE / EIE / EEE / CSE / IT/
ICE
2.2 Admissions into M.Tech will be based on the following:
(i) Score obtained in GAT (PG), if conducted.
(ii) Performance in Qualifying Examination / Interview.
The actual weightage to be given to the above items will be decided by the
authorities before the commencement of the academic year. Candidates with valid
GATE score shall be exempted from appearing for GAT (PG).
3.0 STRUCTURE OF THE M.Tech. PROGRAMME3.1 The Programme of instruction consists of :
(i) A core programme imparting to the student specialization of
engineering branch concerned.
(ii) An elective programme enabling the students to take up a group of
departmental courses of interest to him/her.
(iii) Carry out a technical project approved by the Department and submit a
report.
3.2 Each academic year consists of two semesters. Every branch of the M.Tech
programme has a curriculum and course content (syllabi) for the subjectsrecommended by the Board of Studies concerned and approved by Academic
Council.
3.3 Project Dissertation has to be submitted by each student individually.
4.0 CREDIT BASED SYSTEM4.1 The course content of individual subjects - theory as well as practicals is
expressed in terms of a specified number of credits. The number of credits
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assigned to a subject depends on the number of contact hours (lectures &
tutorials) per week.
4.2 In general, credits are assigned to the subjects based on the following contact
hours per week per semester.
One credit for each Lecture hour.
One credit for two hours of Practicals.
Two credits for three (or more) hours of Practicals.
4.3 The curriculum of M.Tech programme is designed to have a total of 70 -85
credits for the award of M.Tech degree. A student is deemed to have
successfully completed a particular semesters programme of study when he /
she earns all the credits of that semester i.e., he / she has no F grade in any
subject of that semester.
5.0 MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTIONThe medium of instruction (including examinations and project reports) shall be
English.
6.0 REGISTRATION
Every student has to register himself/herself for each semester individually at the
time specified by the College / University.
7.0 CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT AND EXAMINATIONS7.1 The assessment of the students performance in each course will be based on
continuous internal evaluation and semester-end examination. The marks for
each of the component of assessment are fixed as shown in the Table 1.:
Table 1: Assessment Procedure
S.No. Component of
assessment
Marks
allotted
Type of
Assessment
Scheme of Examination
1
Theory
Total
40 Continuous
evaluation
1. Best two mid examinations of the threemid examinations for 15 marks each for a
total of 30 marks
2. Remaining 10 marks are given by the
teacher by conducting quiz/assignments/
surprise tests etc
60 Semester-end
examination
The semester-end examination in theory
subjects will be for a maximum of 60
marks.
100
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2 Practicals 100
Continuous
evaluation
(i) 40 marks are allotted for record workand regular performance of the student in
the lab.
(ii) One examination for a maximum of
20 marks shall be conducted by the
teacher handling the lab course at themiddle of the semester
(iii) One examination for a maximum of
40 marks shall be conducted at the end of
the semester (as scheduled by the Head of
the Department concerned).
3 Project work 100 Project
evaluation
(i) 50 marks are allotted for continuous
evaluation of the project work throughout
the semester by the guide.(ii) 50 marks are allotted for the
presentation of the project work & viva-
voce at the end of the semester.*
4
Comprehensive
Viva 100 Viva-voce
100 marks are allotted for comprehensive
viva to be conducted at the end of
programme.** Head of the Department concerned shall appoint two examiners for conduct of the examination.
8.0 REAPPEARANCE
8.1 A Student who has secured F Grade in any theory course / Practicals of any
semester shall have to reappear for the semester end examination of that
course / Practicals along with his / her juniors.
8.2 A student who has secured F Grade in Project work shall have to improve
his report and reappear for viva voce Examination of project work at the
time of special examination to be conducted in the summer vacation after the
last academic year.
9.0 SPECIAL EXAMINATION
9.1 A student who has completed the stipulated period of study for the degree
programme concerned and still having failure grade (F) in not more than 5
courses ( Theory / Practicals), may be permitted to appear for the specialexamination, which shall be conducted in the summer vacation at the end of
the last academic year.
9.2 A student having F Grade in more than 5 courses (Theory/practicals) shall
not be permitted to appear for the special examination.
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10.0 ATTENDANCE REQUIREMENTS
10.1 A student whose attendance is less than 75% in all the courses put together in
any semester will not be permitted to attend the end - semester examination
and he/she will not be allowed to register for subsequent semester of study. He
/She has to repeat the semester along with his / her juniors.
10.2 However, the Vice Chancellor on the recommendation of the
Principal/Director of the University college / Institute may condone the
shortage of attendance to the students whose attendance is between 66% and
74% on genuine medical grounds and on payment of prescribed fee.
11.0 GRADING SYSTEM11.1 Based on the student performance during a given semester, a final letter
grade will be awarded at the end of the semester in each course. The lettergrades and the corresponding grade points are as given in Table 2.
Table 2: Grades & Grade Points
11.2 A student who earns a minimum of 5 grade points (C grade) in a course is
declared to have successfully completed the course, and is deemed to have
earned the credits assigned to that course. However, a minimum of 24 marks
is to be secured at the semester end examination of theory courses in order to
pass in the theory course
12.0 GRADE POINT AVERAGE
12.1 A Grade Point Average (GPA) for the semester will be calculated according to
the formula:
[ C x G ]
GPA = ----------------
C
Where
C = number of credits for the course,
G = grade points obtained by the student in the course.
Grade Grade points Absolute Marks
O 10 90 and above
A+ 9 80 89
A 8 70 79
B+ 7 60 69
B 6 50 59
C 5 40 49F Failed, 0 Less than 40
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12.2 Semester Grade Point Average (SGPA) is awarded to those candidates who
pass in all the subjects of the semester.
12.3 To arrive at Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA), a similar formula is
used considering the students performance in all the courses taken in all the
semesters completed up to the particular point of time.
12.4 The requirement of CGPA for a student to be declared to have passed on
successful completion of the M.Tech programme and for the declaration of the
class is as shown in Table 3.
Table 3: CGPA required for award of Degree
Distinction 8.0*
First Class 7.0
Second Class 6.0
Pass 5.0
* In addition to the required CGPA of 8.0, the student must have necessarily passed all the
courses of every semester in first attempt.
13.0 ELIGIBILITY FOR AWARD OF THE M.TECH DEGREE
13.1 Duration of the programme:
A student is ordinarily expected to complete the M Tech. programme in four
semesters of two years. However a student may complete the programme in
not more than four years including study period.
13.2 However the above regulation may be relaxed by the Vice Chancellor in
individual cases for cogent and sufficient reasons.
13.3 Project dissertation shall be submitted on or before the last day of the course.
However, it can be extended up to a period of 6 months maximum, with the
written permission of the Head of the Department concerned.
13.4 A student shall be eligible for award of the M.Tech degree if he / she fulfils all
the following conditions.
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a) Registered and successfully completed all the courses and projects.
b) Successfully acquired the minimum required credits as specified in the
curriculum corresponding to the branch of his/her study within the
stipulated time.
c) Has no dues to the Institute, hostels, Libraries, NCC / NSS etc, and
d) No disciplinary action is pending against him / her.
13.5 The degree shall be awarded after approval by the Academic Council.
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RULES
1. With regard to the conduct of the end-semester examination in any of the practical
courses of the programme, the Head of the Department concerned shall appoint one
examiner from the department not connected with the conduct of regular laboratory
work, in addition to the teacher who handled the laboratory work during thesemester.
2. In respect of all theory examinations, the paper setting shall be done by an external
paper setter having a minimum of three years of teaching experience. The panel of
paper setters for each course is to be prepared by the Board of Studies of the
department concerned and approved by the Academic Council. The paper setters are
to be appointed by the Vice Chancellor on the basis of recommendation of Director
of Evaluation / Controller of Examinations.
3. The theory papers of end-semester examination will be evaluated by two examiners.
The examiners may be internal or external. The average of the two evaluations shallbe considered for the award of grade in that course.
4. If the difference of marks awarded by the two examiners of theory course exceeds 12
marks, the paper will have to be referred to third examiner for evaluation. The
average of the two nearest evaluations of the three shall be considered for the award
of the grade in that course.
5. Panel of examiners of evaluation for each course is to be prepared by the Board of
Studies of the department concerned and approved by the Academic Council.
6. The examiner for evaluation should possess post graduate qualification and a
minimum of three years teaching experience.7. The appointment of examiners for evaluation of theory papers will be done by the
Vice Chancellor on the basis of recommendation of Director of Evaluation /
Controller of Examinations from a panel of examiners approved by the Academic
Council.
8. Project work shall be evaluated by two examiners at the semester end examination.
One examiner shall be internal and the other be external. The Vice Chancellor can
permit appointment of second examiner to be internal when an external examiner is
not available.
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PG PROGRAMME CODE: EPRPA200802
M.Tech (POWER SYSTEM & AUTOMATION)Scheme of Instruction and Examination
wef 2012-13 admitted batch
1
st
Semester:
Code No. Subject L T P
Totalhours
Marks
Credits
Sessionals
Endexam
Total
EPRPA 101 Analysis of Dynamic Systems 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
EPRPA 102 Optimization Techniques 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
EPRPA 103 Advanced Power System Protection 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
EPRPA 104 Power System Stability & Control 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
EPRPA 121 to 123 Elective-I 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4EPRPA 111 Simulation Lab. - - 3 3 100 -- 100 2
Total Credits 22
2nd
Semester:
Code No. Subject L T P
Totalhours
Marks
Credits
Sessionals
Endexam
Total
EPRPA 201 EHVAC Transmission 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4EPRPA 202 Power System Operation and Control 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
EPRPA 203 HVDC Transmission 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
EPRPA 204 Process Control & Automation 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
EPRPA 221 to 223 Elective-II 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
EPRPA 211 Power Systems Lab. - - 3 3 100 -- 100 2
Total Credits 22
Elective - I: (E- I)
Code No. Subject
EPRPA 121 Energy Auditing, Conservation & ManagementEPRPA 122 Renewable Energy Sources
EPRPA 123 Power System Reliability
Elective II : (E II )
Code No. Subject
EPRPA 221 Reactive Power Control & FACTS
EPRPA 222 Power Quality
EPRPA 223 Artificial Neural Networks & Fuzzy Systems
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3rd
Semester:
Code No. Subject L T P
Totalhours
Marks
Credits
Sessi
onals
Endexam
Total
EPRPA 311 Comprehensive Viva-Voce - - - - - 100 100 2
EPRPA 312 Project Phase I - - 12 12 50 50 100 12
Total Credits 14
4th
Semester:
Code No. Subject L T P
Totalhours
Marks
Credits
Sessionals
Endexam
Total
EPRPA 411 Seminar - - - - 100 - 100 2
EPRPA 412 Project Phase II - - 24 24 50 50 100 16
Total Credits 18
Total Credits : 76
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M.Tech. (PS&A) I SEMESTER
EPRPA 101: ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS
L T P Total
hours
Marks
Credits
Sessionals End exam Total
3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
Unit-I
Discrete-time systems:
Introduction, Spectrum analysis of sampling process, difference equations, z-
transform, properties of z-transform, z-transfer function (pulse transfer
function) for linear discrete systems, analysis of sampled-data systems, z and s
domain relationship, Jurys stability test, bilinear transformation, root locus
technique, concepts of controllability and observability.
Unit-II
Design of discrete data systems:
Introduction, digital implementation of analog controllers, PID controllers, lag
and lead controllers, phase lead and phase lag controllers in w-domain, design
with dead-beat response, state feedback and pole placement, tracking problems,
observer design, full and reduced order observer design.
Unit-III
Advanced state space methods:
Introduction, Linear Quadratic Problem, Properties of LQR design, Kalman
filter, Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) problem, H control.
Unit-IV
Nonlinear Systems:
Introduction, behavior of nonlinear systems, common physical nonlinearities,
phase-plane method, singular points, Isocline method, Delta method,
linearization of nonlinear systems, properties of nonlinear systems, describing
function analysis of nonlinear systems.
Unit-V:
Stability of Nonlinear Systems:
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Stability analysis through describing function, Liapunovs stability criterion,
basic Liapunov stability theorems, Liapunov functions, direct method of
Liapunov, application to linear & nonlinear systems, variable gradient method,
Krasooviskis method.
Text Books:
1. Control System Engineering, I.J.Nagrath and M.Gopal, New Age International
Publishers, (3rd
Edition).
2. Design of Feedback Control Systems, Stefane, Shahian, Savant, Hostetter,
Oxford University Press, (4thEdition).
3. Nonlinear Control System Analysis by M. Vidyasagar, 2nd
edition, PH Inc,
1991.
Reference Books:
1. Automatic Control Systems, Benjamin C.Kuo, (7thEdition).
2. Modern Control Engineering, Ogata, Prentice Hall, (3rd
Edition).
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M.Tech. (PS&A) I SEMESTER
EPRPA 102 : OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
L T P Total
hours
Marks
Cred
its
Sessionals End exam Total
3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
Unit-I
Introduction to Optimization:
Optimization, classification of optimization problems, engineering applications
of optimization, optimization problem formulation.
Unit-II
Classical Optimization Techniques:
Necessary and sufficient conditions of the general problem, single variable
optimization, multivariable optimization with no constraints, multivariable
optimization with equality constraints, solution by direct substitution method,
method of constrained variation, method of Lagrangian multipliers,
multivariable optimization with inequality constraints, Kuhn Tuckerconditions.
Unit-IIILinear Programming :Basic terminology and definitions, exceptional cases, Simplex method, Big M
method, Two phase method, duality, Revised Simplex method.
Unit-IV
Non Linear Programming:
Unconstrained optimization: Powells method, steepest descent method,
Newtons method. Constrained optimization: Genetic Algorithm:- Introduction,
Terminology- Coding, Fitness Function, GA operators, Reproduction,Crossover, Mutation.
Unit-V
CPM and PERT:
Basic Terminology, network representation of project critical path, the PERT
method, optimum scheduling by CPM, LP formulation of CPM, PERT
problems.
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Text Books:1. Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice, S.S. Rao, New Age
International (P) Ltd., 3rd
Edition.
2. Operations Research, S.D.Sharma, Kedar Nath & Ram Nath & Co., 12th
Edition.3. Power System Optimization, D P Kothari, J S Dhillon, Prentice Hall of India
Pvt Ltd., 1stEdition.
Reference:1. HigherEngineeringMathematics, Dr. B.S.Grewal, Khanna Publishers, 34
th
Edition.
2. Operations Research An Introduction, Hamdy.A. Taha, Prentice Hall of
India, 7thedition.
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M.Tech. (PS&A) I SEMESTER
EPRPA 103 ADVANCED POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
L T P Total
hours
Marks
Cr
edit
Sessionals End exam Total3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
Unit-I
Introduction to Protective Relays:
Current transformers for protection, Coupling capacitor voltage transformers,
transient performance of CCVT potential transformer, review of
electromagnetic relays static relays. Over current relays-time current
characteristic, current setting time setting, directional relay, static over currentrelays.
Unit-II
Distance protection-I:
Impedance, reactance, mho, angle impedance relays, Input quantities for
various types of distance relays, effect of arc resistance on the performance of
distance relays, selection of distance relays, MHO relay with blinders,
quadrilateral relay, elliptical relay, Restricted mho, impedance directional,
reactance relays, Swiveling characteristics.
Unit-III
Distance protection-II:
Compensation for correct distance measurement, reduction of measuring units,
switched schemes, Pilot relaying schemes, Wire pilot protection, circulating
current scheme, balanced voltage scheme, transley scheme, carrier current
protection, phase comparison carrier current protection, carrier aided distanceprotection.
Unit-IV
Digital relaying techniques:
Digital relaying algorithms, differential equation technique, discrete Fourier
transform technique, Walsh-Hadamard transform technique, rationalized Haar
transform technique, removal of dc offset.
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Unit-V
Microprocessor based protective relays:
Over current, directional, impedance, reactance relays, generalized
mathematical expressions for distance relays, mho and offset mho relays,
quadrilateral relay, Microprocessor implementation of digital distance relaying
algorithms.
Text books:
1. Power System Protection & Switchgear, Badriram & Vishwakarma, TMH
Publication, New Delhi, 2011
2. Power System Protection: Static Relays with microprocessor Applications,
Madhava Rao, TMH publication, 2004.Reference:
1. Power System Protection and Switch Gear, Ravindra Nath and Chandar,
New Age International Pvt Limited, 1977.
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M.Tech. (PS&A) I SEMESTER
EPRPA 104:POWER SYSTEM STABILITY & CONTROL
L T P Total
hours
Marks
Credits
sessionals End exam Total
3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
Unit-I
Synchronous Machine Modeling:
Review of Classical model of SMIB. Synchronous machine: flux linkage
equations, Parks transformation, per unit conversion, normalizing theequations, equivalent circuit, current space model, flux linkage state space
model; Sub-transient and transient inductances, time constants, Simplifiedmodels (one axis and constant flux linkage), steady state equations and phasor
diagrams.
Unit-II
Machine Controllers:
Exciter and voltage regulators: Function and types of excitation systems, typicalexcitation System configuration, block diagram and state space representation
of IEEE types-1,2,3 & 4 excitation system, saturation function, stabilizing
circuit. Speed governing systems: Block diagram and state space representationof IEEE governor, turbine systems.
Unit-III
Transient Stability:
State equation for multi-machine system with one axis model and simulation;
modeling of multi-machine power system with one axis machine model
including excitation system and speed governing system and simulation using
R-K method of fourth order (Gills technique) for transient stability analysis;
power system stabilizer.
Unit-IV
Dynamic Stability:
System response to small disturbances: Linear model of the unregulated
synchronous machine and its modes of oscillation, regulated synchronous
machine, linearization of the load equation for the one machine problem,
simplified linear model, effect of excitation on dynamic stability, approximate
system representation, supplementary stabilizing signals, dynamic performance
measure -small signal performance measures.
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Unit-V
Voltage stability:
Introduction to voltage stability, Factors affecting voltage instability and
collapse, Comparison of Angle and voltage stability, Analysis of voltage
instability and collapse, integrated analysis of voltage and Angle stability,Control of voltage instability.
Text Books:1. Power System Control and Stability, P.M. Anderson and A.A.Fouad, Galgotia
Publications, New Delhi, 2003.
2. Power System Stability and Control, P. Kundur, McGraw Hill Inc., USA, 1994.
Reference Books:1. Power System Dynamics and Stability, M.A.Pai and W.Sauer, Pearson
Education Asia, India, 2002.2. Electric Systems, Dynamics and stability with Artificial Intelligence applications,
James A.Momoh, Mohamed.E. EI-Hawary, Marcel Dekker, USA 1st ed., 2000.
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M.Tech. (PS&A) I SEMESTER
EPRPA 121 ENERGY AUDITING, CONSERVATION AND
MANAGEMENT
L T P Total
hours
Marks
Credit
Sessionals End exam Total
3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
Unit-I
Energy auditing:
System approach and end use approach to efficient use of electricity, electricity
tariff types, energy auditing, types and objectives, audit instruments, ECO
assessment and economic methods, specific energy analysis, minimum energy
paths, consumption models, case study.
Unit-II
Energy Efficiency of Electrical Equipments:
Electric motors, energy efficient controls and starting efficiency, motor
efficiency and load analysis, energy efficient /high efficient motors, case study,
load matching and selection of motors, transformer loading/efficiency analysis,
feeder/cable loss evaluation, case study.
Unit-III
Reactive Power Management:
Reactive power management, capacitor sizing, degree of compensation,
capacitor losses, location, placement, maintenance, case study, peak demand
controls, methodologies, types of industrial loads, optimal load scheduling, case
study, lighting, energy efficient light sources, energy conservation in lighting
schemes, electronic ballast, power quality issues, luminaries, case study.
Unit-IV
Cogeneration:
Cogeneration, types and schemes, optimal operation of cogeneration plants,
case study, variable speed drives, pumps and fans, efficient control strategies,
optimal selection and sizing, optimal operation and storage, case study.
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Unit-V
Electric loads of Air conditioning & Refrigeration:
Electric loads of air conditioning & refrigeration, energy conservation
measures, cool storage, types, optimal operation, case study, electric water
heating, geysers, solar water heaters, power consumption in compressors,
energy conservation measures, electrolytic process.
Textbooks:
1. Art and Science of Utilisation of Electrical Energy, Partab H., Dhanpat Rai
and Sons, New Delhi.
2. Electric Energy Utilization And Conservation, Tripathy S.C., Tata McGraw
Hill.
Reference Books:
1. Recommended Practice for Energy Conservation and cost effective planning in
Industrial facilities, IEEE Bronze Book, IEEE Inc, USA.
2. Plant Engineers and Managers Guide to Energy Conservation Albert Thumann,
P.W,Seventh Edition, TWI PressInc, Terre Haute.
3. Energy Efficiency Manual, Donald R. W.,Energy Institute Press.
4. Guide Book on Promotion of Sustainable Energy Consumption, NESCAP.
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M.Tech. (PS&A) I SEMESTER
EPRPA 122 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
L T P Total
hours
Marks
Credits
Sessionals End exam Total
3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
Unit-I
Introduction:
Introduction to Energy Conversion, Principle of Renewable Energy Systems,
Technical and Social Implications, Solar Radiation, Thermoelectric Conversion,
Principles of Solar Energy collection, Characteristics and principles of different
types of collectors and their efficiencies. Solar energy applications, water
heaters, air heaters, solar cooling, solar cooking, solar drying and power
generation, solar tower concept, solar pump, Introduction to Photovoltaic cells,
PV array and PV module, Maximum power point tracking system.
Unit-II
Wind energy:
Wind energy, Characteristics, Aerodynamics, Power extraction, Types of windmachines, Performance of Wind Machines, Wind Mills, Applications,
Economics of wind power.
Unit-III
Ocean & Geothermal Energy:
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Systems, Tidal and Wave power-
applications. Principle of working of Geothermal Power Plants, Advantages and
Disadvantages over other energy forms, Applications of Geothermal Energy.
Unit-IV
Bio- Energy:
Energy from Bio-mass, Bio conversion processes. Bio-gas generation and
utilization, Bio-gas plants various types, Industrial Wastes, Municipal waste,
Burning, Plants, Energy from the Agricultural wastes.
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Unit-V
MHD Power Generation, Fuel Cells & Hybrid- Energy System:
MHD Generators, Application of MHD generation, Fuel cells types,
applications. Diesel Generator and Photo-Voltaic System, Wind-Diesel Hybrid
System, Wind-Photovoltaic Systems.
Textbooks:1. Non-Conventional Energy Sources, G.D.Rai, Khanna publishers, Fourth
Edition, 2009.
2. Wind electrical systems, S.N.Bhadra, D. Kastha, S. Banerjee Oxford
University press.
References:1. Solar Energy: Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage, Sukhatme, S.P.,
Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
2. Fuel Cell Systems, James Larminie , Andrew Dicks , John Weily & Sons Ltd.
3. Wind Energy Explained , J.F.Manwell,J.G.McGowan,A.L.Rogers ,John
Weily& Sons Ltd.
4. MHD Power Generation Engineering Aspects, E.J. Womack, Chapman and
Hall Publication.
5. Wind Electrical Systems, S.N.Bhadra, D. Kastha, S. Banerjee Oxford
University press.
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M.Tech. (PS&A) I SEMESTER
EPRPA 123: POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY
L T P Total
hours
Marks
Cre
dits
Sessionals End exam Total
3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
Unit-I
Basics of Probability theory & Distribution:
Basic probability theory,rules for combining probabilities of events,Bernoulli's
trials, probability density and distribution functions, binomial distribution,
expected value and standard deviation of binomialdistribution.
Unit-II
Network Modelling and Reliability Analysis:
Analysis of series, parallel, series, parallel networks, complex networks,decomposition method, reliability functions f(t), F(t), R(t), H(t) and their
relationships, exponential distribution, expected value and standard deviation of
exponential distribution, reliability analysis of series parallel networks using
exponential distribution, bath tub curve, reliability measures MTTF, MTTR &
MTBF.
Unit-III
Markov Modelling:Markov chains, Concept of stochastic transitional probability matrix (STPM),
evaluation of limiting state probabilities, Markov Process of one component
repairable system, time dependent probability, evaluation using Laplace
Transform approach, evaluation of limiting state probabilities using STPM, twocomponent repairable models.
Unit-IVFrequency & Duration Techniques:
Frequency and duration concept, evaluation of frequency of encountering state,
mean cycle time for oneand two component repairable models, evaluation of
cumulative probability and cumulative frequency of encountering of merged
states.
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Unit-V
Generation& Distribution System Reliability Analysis:
Reliability model of a generation system, recursive relation for unit addition and
removal, load modeling, merging of generation load model, evaluation of
transition rates for merged state model, cumulative probability, cumulativefrequency of failure evaluation, LOLP, LOLE. distribution systems: basicconcepts, evaluation of basic and performance reliability indices of radial
networks.
Text Books:1. Reliability Evaluation of Engineering System, R. Billinton, R.N.Allan, Plenum
Press, New York, Second edition,2010.
2. Reliability Evaluation of Power systems, R. Billinton, R.N.Allan, Pitman
AdvanceI Publishing Program,New York,Second edition, Reprint 2010.
Reference Books:1. An Introduction to Reliability and Maintainability Engineering. Charles E.
Ebeling, TATA-McGraw Hill edition.
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M.Tech. (PS&A) II SEMESTER
EPRPA 201: EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE AC TRANSMISSION
L T P Total
hours
Marks
Credits
Sessionals End exam Total
3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
Unit-I
Introduction to E.H.V. A.C:
Role of EHVAC transmission: transmission line trends and preliminary aspects
standard transmission voltages, power handling capacities and line losses,mechanical aspects.
Unit-II
Calculation of line parameters:
Resistance, inductances and capacitance, resistance of conductors, temperature
rise of conductor and current carrying capacity, inductance of two conductor
lines and multiconductor lines. Line capacitance calculation: capacitance of
two conductor lines, capacitance of multi conductor lines, mechanical design of
towers, sag-tension calculations.
Unit-III
Voltage Gradient on conductors:
Surface voltage gradient on conductors, surface gradient on two conductor
bundle and cosine law, maximum surface voltage gradient of bundle with morethan three sub conductors, Mangolt formula electro static field of single circuit
three phase line and double circuit three phase line.
Unit-IVCorona:
Corona in EHV lines, I2R loss and corona loss, charge voltage diagram and
corona loss, corona loss formulate, attenuation of traveling waves due tocorona, audio noise due to corona, its generation, characteristics and limits
measurement of audio noise.
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Unit-V
Power Frequency voltage control:
Problems at power frequency, generalized constants, no load voltage conditions
and charging currents, voltage control using synchronous conductor, cascade
connection of components: shunt and series compensation, sub synchronousresonance in series, capacitor compensated lines.
Text Book:
1. Extra High Voltage AC Transmission Engineering, Rakosh Das Begamudre,
Wiley Eastem Ltd., New Delhi, 3rd
edition, 1987.
Reference Books:
1. EHVAC, HVDC Transmission & Distribution Engineering, S.Rao, Khanna
Publications, 3rd
edition, 2003.2. EHV Transmission line reference book, Edision Electric Institute (GEC), 1986.
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M.Tech. (PS&A) II SEMESTER
EPRPA 202: POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL
L T P Total
hours
Marks
Cred
its
sessionals End exam Total
3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
Unit-I:
Unit Commitment:
Introduction, constraints in unit commitment, thermal unit constraints, unit
commitment solution methods, priority-list methods, Dynamic-Programming
solution, forward DP Approach, Lagrange relaxation solution. State Estimation-
Power System State Estimation, Weighted Least Square Estimation, StateEstimation of an AC Network.
Unit-II:
Load Frequency Control:Necessity of keeping frequency constant, definition of control area, single area
control, block diagram representation of an isolated power system, steady state
analysis, dynamic response, uncontrolled case, load frequency control of 2-area
system, uncontrolled case and controlled case, tie-time bias control.
Unit-III:
Generation with Limited Energy Supply:
Introduction, take-or-pay fuel supply contract, composite generation productioncost function, solution by gradient search techniques, hard limits and slack
variables, fuel scheduling by linear programming.
Unit-IV:
Hydrothermal Coordination:
Introduction, long range hydro scheduling, short-range hydro-scheduling,hydroelectric plant models, scheduling problems, types of scheduling problems,scheduling energy, the short term hydro-thermal scheduling problem, short term
hydro scheduling, gradient approach, pumped storage hydro plants, dynamic
programming solution to the hydrothermal scheduling problem.
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Unit-V:
Interchange of Power and Energy:
Introduction, economy interchange between interconnected utilities, inter-utility
economy energy evaluation, interchange evaluation with unit commitment,
multiple-utility interchange transactions, types of interchange, capacityinterchange, diversity interchange, emergency power interchange, inadvertentpower exchange, power pools, transmission effects and issues, problems.
Text Books:1. Power Generation Operation and Control, Allen J. Wood, Bruce F.Wollenberg,
2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2006.
2. Electrical Energy Systems Theory , O.I.Elgerd, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing
Company Ltd, 2nd
edition.
References Books :1. Modern Power System Analysis, I.J. Nagrath & D.P. Kothari, TMH,3
rd edition, 9
th
reprint, 2007.
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M.Tech. (PS&A) II SEMESTER
EPRPA 203: HVDC TRANSMISSION
L T P Total
hours
Marks
Cred
its
Sessionals End exam Total
3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
Unit-IHVDC Transmission: General considerations, comparison of AC and DC
transmission, applications of DC transmission, types of DC links, converterstation and terminal equipment, planning for HVDC transmission, modern
trends in DC transmission, power handling capabilities of HVDC lines.
Unit-II
Static Power Converters: Basic AC/DC conversion principles, static converterconfiguration, 3-pulse, 6-pulse and 12-pulse converters, commutation process,
rectifier and inverter operation, equivalent circuit for converter, special features
of converter transformers.
Unit-IIIControl of HVDC Converters and systems: Converter control charecterstics,constant current, constant extinction angle and constant Ignition angle control,
firing angle control, DC power flow control.
Unit-IVConverter faults and protection: Introduction, converter faults, protection
against over currents and over voltages in a converter station, surge arresters,
smoothing reactors, corona effects, dc line insulators, transient over voltages in
DC line, protection of DC line, DC breakers.
Unit-VHarmonics in HVDC Systems and MTDC Systems: Harmonics in HVDC
systems, harmonic elimination, AC and DC filters, multi-terminal DC links and
systems, series, parallel and series parallel systems, their operation and control.
Text Books:1. High Voltage Direct current Transmission, K.R.Padiyar,New age publishers,2005.
2. HVDC Transmission, S Kamakshaiah, V Kamaraju, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2011.
Reference Books:
1. HVDC Transmission, EW Kimbark, John Wiley Publishers.
2. H.V.D.C. Transmission, J. Arillaga, Peter Peregrines Ltd., London, UK,
1983.
3. EHV-AC, HVDC Transmission & Distribution Engineering, S.Rao, Khanna
publishers, 3rd
edition, 2003.
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M.Tech. (PS&A) II SEMESTER
EPRPA 204: PROCESS CONTROL & AUTOMATION
L T P Total
hours
Marks
C
redits
Sessionals End exam Total
3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
Unit-I
Fundamentals of Process Control: Definition of industrial processes and
control, Hierarchies in process control systems block diagram representation of
process control system, Control system instrumentation, Codes and Standards,
preparation of P& I diagrams.
Unit-IIStrategies for Computer-Aided Process Control : Open loop control systems,
closed loop (feed back) control system, feed forward control system, cascade
control system, ratio control, controller design, controller tuning, tuning of P,PI and PID controllers, Ziegler-Nichols tuning method, selection of controllers,
predictive control, model based predictive control, multi-variable control
system.
Unit-IIIProgrammable Logic Controllers (PLCs): Introduction, principles of
operation, architecture of programmable logic controllers, programming the
programmable controllers, software, configurations, applications.Unit-IV
Distributed Control Systems: Introduction, functional requirements ofdistributed control system, system architecture, distributed control systems
configuration and applications of distributed control systems.
Unit-VIndustrial control Applications: Automation of Thermal power plant,
automation strategy, distributed system structure, automatic boiler controller,
diagnostic function and protection, digital electro-hydraulic governor, automatic
start-up system, thermal stress control, man-machine interface, software system,communication system, variable pressure control, combined plant control.Textbooks:
1. Computer based Industrial Control, Krishna Kant, Prentice-Hall India, 2003.
2. Computer Aided Process Control, S.K.Singh, Prentice-Hall India, 2005.
Reference books:
1. Process Dynamics and Control, Seborg, D.E., T.F. Edgar, and D.A. Mellichamp, John
Wiley, 2004.
2. Johnson D Curtis, Instrumentation Technology, Prentice-Hall India, 7th
Ed., 2002.
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M.Tech. (PS&A) II SEMESTER
EPRPA 221 : REACTIVE POWER CONTROL AND FACTS
L T P Total
hours
Marks
Cred
its
Sessionals End exam Total
3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
Unit-I
Reactive Power Flow and Voltage control Problems:
Introduction, Reactive Power-Voltage (Q-V) Coupling Concept, Reactive
Power requirement for control of Voltage in Transmission Lines, BasicPrinciple of System Voltage Control, Reactive Power Flow Constraints and
their Implications in Loss of Voltage.
Unit-II
Improvement of Voltage Stability in Power Transmission Systems:Methods of Improving Voltage Stability, Introduction to FACTS- Basic Types
of FACTS controllers, Brief Description and Definitions of FACTS Controllers.
Static Var Compensator(SVC): Principle of operation, configuration and
control. Static Compensator (STATCOM): Principle of operation,
configuration and control.
Unit III
Static Synchronous Series Compensator:
Introduction, Operation of SSSC and the Control of Power Flow, Modeling and
Control of SSSC, SSSC with an Energy Source, Analysis of SSR with a SSSC,Applications of SSSC.
UnitIV
Unified Power Flow Controller:
Introduction, Operation of a UPFC, Control of UPFC, Protection of UPFC,Interline Power Flow Controller, Convertible Static Compensator, Modeling of
UPFC, IPFC, SSR Characteristics of UPFC, Applications of UPFC.
UnitV
Oscillation Stability Analysis and Control:
Introduction, Linearised model of power systems installed with FACTS based
Stabilizers, Heffron-Phillips model of a SMIB system installed with SVC,
Heffron-Phillips model of a SMIB system with UPFC.
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Text Books:1. Reactive Power Control in Power Systems, T J E Miller, John Wiley, 1982.
2. Understanding FACTS, N G Hingorani and L Gyugyi, IEEE Press, 2000.
3. FACTS controllers for transmission and Distribution systems, K.R.Padiyar,
New Age International Publishers 1st edition -2007.References:1. Computer modeling of Electrical Power Systems, J Arriliga and N R Watson,
Wiley, 2001.
2. An Introduction to Reactive Power Control and Voltage Stability in Power
Transmission Systems, Abhijit chakrabarti, D.P.Kothari, A.K.Mukhopadhyay,
Abhinandan De., PHI publications, 2010.
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M.Tech. (PS&A) II SEMESTER
EPRPA 222: POWER QUALITY
L T P Total
hours
Marks
Credits
Sessionals End exam Total
3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
Unit-I
Introduction:
Introduction of the Power Quality (PQ) problem, Terms used in PQ: Voltage,
Sag, Swell, Surges, Harmonics, over voltages, spikes, Voltage fluctuations,Transients, Interruption, overview of power quality phenomenon, Sources of
PQ problems, Remedies to improve PQ, power quality monitoring.
Unit-II
Long & Short Interruptions:
Long Interruptions: Terminology, causes and origin of Interruptions, Limits for
the Interruption frequency and duration, costs of Interruption. Short
interruptions: Terminology, origin of short interruptions- basic principle, fusesaving, voltage magnitude events due to re-closing, voltage during the
interruption and monitoring, difference between medium and low voltage
systems. Multiple events, single phase tripping - voltage and current duringfault and post fault period.
Unit-III
Voltage sag - characterization:
Voltage sag - definition, causes of voltage sag, voltage sag magnitude-
monitoring, theoretical calculations, voltage sag calculation in non-radial
systems, meshed systems, voltage sag duration, Types of three phase
unbalanced sags, phase angle jumps, magnitude and phase angle jumps for three
phase unbalanced sags, load influence on voltage sags.
Unit-VI
Harmonics:
Harmonic distortion, Voltage versus Current distortion, Harmonic indexes,
Harmonic sources from commercial loads, Harmonic sources from industrial
loads; Locating Harmonic sources, System response characteristics. Effects ofHarmonic Distortion.
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Unit-V
Custom Power Devices - An Introduction: Overview of mitigation methods -
from fault to trip, reducing the number of faults, reducing the fault clearing
time, changing the power system, installing mitigation equipment, improving
equipment immunity, different events and mitigation methods. Utility-CustomerInterface, Introduction to CP devices-Network Reconfiguring Devices, LoadCompensation and Voltage Regulation using DSTATCOM, Protecting
Sensitive loads using DVR, Unified Power Quality Conditioner(UPQC).
Text Books:1. Understanding Power Quality Problems, Math H J Bollen, IEEE Press, Standard
Publishers Distributors, 1stedition, 2001.
Reference Books:1. Power Quality Enhancement Using Custom Power Devices, Arindham Ghosh,
Gerard Ledwich, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1stedition, 2002.
2. Electrical Power System Quality, Roger C.Dugan, Mark F.McGranaghan, Surya
Santoso, H. Wayne Beaty, MC Graw-Hill, 2ndedition, 2004.
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M.Tech. (PS&A) II SEMESTER
EPRPA 223: ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY
SYSTEMS
L T P Total
hours
Marks
Credits
Sessionals End exam Total
3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4
Unit-I
Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks:
Biological foundations, ANN models: Feed forward & Feedback Networks,
Types of activation functions. Network architectures: Single Layer FeedForward Network (MLFFN) & Multi Layer Feed Forward Network (MLFFN),
Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) training.
Unit-II
Learning processof Neural Networks:Learning process, Supervised and unsupervised learning, Error-correction
learning, Perceptron learning, Delta Learning & Widrow-Hoff learning,
Hebbian learning, Boltzmann learning, Single layer and multilayer perceptrons:
Back propagation algorithm, applications in forecasting and pattern recognition.
Unit-III
Introduction to Fuzzy Logic:
Fuzzy sets, classical sets, fuzzy sets, operations of fuzzy sets, properties of
fuzzy sets, The cardinality of fuzzy sets, resolution identity, convex fuzzy sets,Fuzzy Relations, Fuzzy arithmetic, numbers and extension principle.
Unit-IV
Fuzzy Membership functions:Membership functions, Fuzzy to crisp conversion, Fuzzification and
defuzzification methods, applications in engineering problems, Fuzzy logic and
approximate reasoning, other forms of the implication operation and other
forms of composition operation.
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Unit-V
Fuzzy Control & Applications:
Fuzzy control systems, Introduction, simple fuzzy logic controllers with
examples, classical fuzzy control problems, inverter pendulum, image
processing, Home heating system, Adaptive fuzzy systems, hybrid systems.
Texts Books:
1. Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems, J.M. Zurada, Jaico Publishers,
2001.
2. Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation, Simon Haykins, Pearson
Education, Asia, 2nd
edition.
3. Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross, McGraw Hill,
New York, 2nd
edition.
Reference Books:
1. Fuzzy Set Theory and its Applications, H.J. Zimmermann, Kluwer Academic
Publishers, London, 3rd
edition.
2. Understanding Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic: Basic Concepts and
Applications, Stamatios V Kartalopoulos, Prentice Hall of India (P) Ltd.,
New Delhi, 2000.