MTU Large High Speed Ferry

Large HighLarge High--SpeedSpeedFerriesFerries

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The Era of the HydrofoilMTU Lifts Even the Biggest Hydrofoils out of the WaterCatamarans Offer an AlternativeReliability and Availability Mean Satisfied CustomersBigger, Faster, FurtherFrom Italy to Sardinia by ”Aquastrada”

Typical Examples for Fast Passenger/Car Ferries- Trimaran- Catamaran- Monohull

Mercurial Growth in High-Speed Passenger Ferries

Content

All-Diesel Systems (CODAD)Combined Diesel and Gas Turbine Systems (CODAG)OutlookReferences: Large Fast Ferries with MTU Diesel Engines Certificate: There is No Alternative to Quality

Propulsion Units for Large High-Speed Ferries

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AIthough high-speed ferries have been in use for passenger transport since 1953, it has only been in the last 30 years that the market has witnessed rapid movement towards ever newer and larger designs of vessel. It was the hydrofoils in particular - often the subject of amusement as well as admiration as the oddities of the shipping industry - that set new standards. Only in the last decade have they been pushed out by other types of vessel, catamarans in particular.

The Era of the Hydrofoil

The Sixties were very much the era of the hydrofoil. Most were built in Europe - mainly in Italy and the USSR. But there were a few shipyards inAsia (in Japan and Hong Kong for example) which were involved indevelopment and production. The hydrofoil builders in the former USSR used home-produced engines and designed mainly shallow water vessels for use on rivers and lakes. The Italian hydrofoils on the other hand, most of which were built at the Cantieri Navali Rodriguez shipyard, were all sea-going designs and without exception were powered by MTU 12V 493 engines, at that time the "workhorse" for this type of craft.

The trend in high-speed passenger ferries is moving towards ever bigger and faster boats for combined transport of passengers and vehicles.


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MTU Lifts Even the Biggest Hydrofoils out of the Water

The biggest hydrofoils were built in 1969 in Norway and had a capacity of 250 passengers and a weight of around 170 tones. They needed two MTU 20V 538 engines to attain a speed of 36 knots. They also required a torque converter developed by MTU for the take-off operation. This particular design marked the pinnacle of hydrofoil development. Operators, however, complained of the high running costs. The cause of what today are referred to as high "life cycle costs" was, however, not so much the power unit but the overall design of those unconventional vessels.

Catamarans Offer an Alternative

When looking for more economical alternatives, Norwegian designers re-discovered the catamaran. The first vessel of this type built in Norway was a high-speed craft with the hull split down its centre line and the two halves joined by a bridge. Once again, it was powered by two 12-cylinder Series 493 engines. In the Seventies, the Series 493 engines were gradually superseded by the Series 396.

Austal Ships 40m “Sinan Pasa”with 2 x 16V 396 engines,

top speed 34.5 knots


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Reliability and Availability Mean Satisfied Customers

MTU has always paid special attention to the high-speed ferries market sector. Engines have been continually improved on the basis of analyses of operating data in order to satisfy the demands of the operators with regard to reliability and availability. Today, there are more than 1,500 Series 396 and 4000 engines in use in high-speed ferries around the world.

Bigger, Faster, Further

The last eight years have seen the emergence of even bigger ferries. They are designed as sea-going vessels for use on longer routes and are capable of carrying not only passengers but also cars, trucks and coaches. The leaders in the development of this new generation of ferries are the Australian shipyards producing catamarans from 74m up to 112m. Even 126m trimarans are available. Other shipyards have concentrated on monohulls up to a length of 146m. Speed target of most ferries is at approx. 40 knots.

Today, most catamarans in the 40m to 50m class are fitted with twin or quadruple 16V 396 or 16V 4000 engines. Depending on weight and size, the 4,000 kW or 9,280 kW of power those engines provide enable them to achieve operating speeds from approx. 30 to 40 knots.

Fjellstrand 51m “Halunder Jet”with 4 x 12V 4000 engines,

top speed 33.4 knots


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In the summer of 1994, the first "Aquastrada" class ferry, the "Guizzo", started scheduled service between Italy and Sardinia. The slim, 101m monohull design is powered by an MTU combined diesel and gas turbine propulsion system. Apart from the diesel engines, MTU also supplied the General Electric gas turbines and all accessories. This year, the "Guizzo" and its sister ship, the "Scatto", will continue to ply between the Italian mainland and Sardinia. For the sun seeking tourists, these two ferries shorten the crossing to only a few hours. And they don't have to leave their cars behind either because Aquastrada class ferries not only have space for 450 passengers but for around 150 cars as well. From the small hydrofoil to the catamaran and ultimately the superfast jumbo ferry, the developments over the past 30 years have been impressive and MTU is proud to have been part of them. And the Friedrichshafen engine manufacturers are determined to continue to be involved in shaping future developments with new ideas and products which will meet the demands and expectations of shipbuilders and operators.

Rodriquez 101m “Guizzo” with 2 x 16V 595 engines and 1 x LM2500gas turbine, top speed 40 knots


From Italy to Sardinia by "Aquastrada“

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Length: 127mSpeed: 40.5 knotsPassengers/Cars: 1290/340Propulsion: 4 x 20V 8000Power: 4 x 9100 kW

Shipyard: Austal Ships, AustraliaOperator/Country: Fred. Olsen, Spain

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Trimaran)

“Benchijigua Express”

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“Pacificat Explorer”

Length: 122mSpeed: 37 knotsPassengers/Cars: 1000/250Propulsion: 4 x 20V 1163Power: 4 x 6500 kW

Shipyard: Catamaran Ferries International Vancouver, CanadaOperator/Country: Washington Marine Group, Canada

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)

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“Alakai”


Shipyard: Austal, USAOperator/Country: Hawaii Superferry


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“Osman Gazi I”


Shipyard: Austal, AustraliaOperator/Country: Istanbul Deniz Otobusleri, Turkey


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“Tanger Jet II”


Shipyard: Austal Ships, AustraliaOperator/Country: Förde Reederei Seetouristik, Flensburg, Germany


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“Adnan Menderes”


Shipyard: Austal Ships, AustraliaOperator/Country: Istanbul Deniz Otobusleri, Turkey


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Shipyard: Austal Ships, AustraliaOwner/Country: United Company for Marine Lines, Saudi Arabia


“Almottahedah-1“

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“Tallink AutoExpress 2”


Shipyard: Austal Ships, AustraliaOperator/Country: Tallink, Estonia


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“Avemar Dos”


Shipyard: Austal Ships, AustraliaOperator/Country: Buquebus, Spain


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“Croazia Jet”


Shipyard: Austal Ships, AustraliaOperator/Country: SNAV SeaContainers, Italy


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“Fairweather”


Shipyard: Derecktor Shipyards, USAOperator/Country: Alaska Marine Highway Systems, USA


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“Maria Dolores”


Shipyard: Austal, AustraliaOperator/Country: Virtu Ferries, Malta


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“Turgut Reis I”


Shipyard: Austal Ships, AustraliaOperator/Country: Istanbul Deniz Otobusleri (IDO), Turkey


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Shipyard: Fjellstrand, Norway Operator/Country: Förde Reederei Seetouristik, Germany


“Tanger Jet”

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“Taurus”


Gas Turbine: 2 x LM25002 x 21000 kW

Shipyard: CNI Fincantieri, ItalyOperator/Country: Tirrenia di Navigazione, Italy

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)

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“Red Sea I”


Gas Turbine: 2 x LM2500+2 x 25000 kW

Shipyard: Alstom Leroux Naval, St. Nazaire, FranceOperator/Country: Namma Lines, Greece


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“NGV Liamone”


Gas Turbine: 2 x LM2500+2 x 25000 kW

Shipyard: Alstom Leroux Naval, St. Nazaire, FranceOperator/Country: Société Nationale Maritime Corse-Mediterranée (SNCM), Marseille, France


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“Sardinia Express”


Shipyard: Rodriquez, ItalyOperator/Country: Corsica Ferries, Italy


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“Red Sea II”


Shipyard: Alstom Leroux Naval, St. Nazaire, FranceOperator/Country: Namma Lines, Greece


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“Guizzo”


Gas Turbine: 1 x LM 25001 x 20800 kW

Shipyard: Rodriquez, ItalyOperator/Country: Siremar, Italy


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“Unicorn”


Shipyard: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI), JapanOwner/Country: HIGASHINIHON-FERRY CO., Japan


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“Scatto”


Gas Turbine: 1 x LM 25001 x 20800 kW

Shipyard: Rodriquez, ItalyOperator/Country: Tirrenia di Navigazione, Italy


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“Jet Ferry 1”


Shipyard: Mjellem & Karlsen, NorwayOperator/Country: GA Ferries, Greece


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“Queen Nefertiti”


Shipyard: CNI Fincantieri, ItalyOperator/Country: Arab Bridge Maritime Co, Jordan


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“Speedrunner 2”


Shipyard: CNI Fincantieri, ItalyOperator/Country: Aegean Speed Lines, Greece


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“The Princess”


Shipyard: Rodriquez, ItalyOperator/Country: Arab Bridge Maritime Co, Jordan


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By the engine Series 595, 1163 and 8000, MTU offer a range of power units with outputs of up to 9,100 kW whose characteristics make them ideally suited for use in high-speed ferries.

As a result of the desire to be able to transport not only people but vehicles as well, the start of the Nineties saw increasingly lively demand for bigger ferries with lengths of over 75m. While the smaller vessels are normallyequipped by two to four engines and a total output of 4,000 kW to 10,000 kW, the big ferries require between 20,000 kW and 36,000 kW and in some cases considerably more.Such demands can be satisfied by the use of powerful diesel engines and/or gas turbines in various propulsion system configurations. In most cases - for reasons of economy - they are all-diesel-systems, an area in which MTU hold a leading position with Series 8000 engines. But MTU's system know-how based on many years of experience can provide solutions for other types of propulsion requirements as well.

Derecktor 72m “Fairweather” with 4 x 16V 595 engines and a top speed of 38 knots

Propulsion Units for Large High-Speed Ferries

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Of the many possible propulsion system configurations, the two described below are typical examples.

All-diesel systems using four engines have established themselves as the most economical alternative for high-speed ferries with speeds up to 45 knots. An all-diesel system has also been fitted in the “Tanger Jet II", a 86m catamaran whose 32,800 kW can bring the vessel to a top speed of 45 knots. Each of the engines 20V 8000 drives a steerable waterjet so that each unit is fully independent.

CODAD propulsion of “Tanger Jet II”:Two engines 20V8000 each per catamaran hull On steerable waterjets

All-Diesel Systems (CODAD Systems)

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Propulsion: 4 x 20V 8000 with each 9100 kW

CODAD System of trimaran“Benchijigua Express”

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Combined systems of this type consisting of an LM2500 gas turbine with an output of 20,800 kW and two diesel engines each producing 3565 kW are fitted in the "Aquastrada I and II" class ferries. These are narrow single-hulled vessels with a length of approximately 102m and are capable of a top speed of 44 knots with all three power units running, i.e. with a total power output of approx. 28,000 kW, while the cruising speed for normal operation is only slightly lower. The advantage of this type of arrangement is that the gas turbine only needs to be used at the top end of the power range where it is at its best while the diesel engines can be used for maneuvering and slow speeds. And during the low season or at night, the two 16V 595s are quite capable of an economical 18 knots.

CODAG propulsion ofmonohull “Aquastrada”:Center plant with gas turbine and non-steerable waterjetTwo 16V 595 wing plants onsteerable waterjets

Combined Diesel and Gas Turbine Systems(CODAG Systems)

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1. 2 x MTU 20V 1163 diesel engines2. 2 x LM 2500+ gas turbine modules3. 2 x Renk BS 210 reduction gearboxes4. 2 x ZF BU 5300 reduction gearboxes5. 5 x ship power units with MTU 12V 183 diesel engines6. 2 x starter systems for gas turbines7. 2 x fuel supply units for gas turbines8. 2 x combustion air noise silencers for gas turbines9. 2 x combustion air intake filters for gas turbines

10. 2 x cooling air silencers and fans for gas turbines11. 2 x exhaust gas silencers for gas turbines12. 2 x exhaust gas silencers for 20V 1163 diesel engines13. 5 x exhaust gas silencers for 12V 183 diesel engines

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12

11

4

1

2

3

10

56

13

4

12

11

3

5

7

2

10

9

8

1

5

6

9

7 5

8

CODAG System of Monohull Corsaire 13000 “Liamone“

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Propulsion:

2 x 20V 8000 M71L with 9100 kW

1 x MTU LM2500+ Gas Turbinewith 26,000 kW

Total power: 44,200 kW

CODAG Installation in a 120m Monohull

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Possible Arrangement for a 120+ m, 40+ kn Catamaran:

2 x MTU 20V 8000 M71L2 x MTU/GE LM2500+

Total Power Output:> 70,000 kW ( > 93,000 bhp)

CODAG Installation in a Catamaran

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The transport capacity, vessel length as well as speed and, thus, the power requirements for fast ferries, have increased over the years. Whereas 20,000 kW was adequate in the early '90s, the power required for diesel-driven fast ferries has increased considerably over the last two years.

In order to service routes which are of commercial interest, the majority of such vessels in the future will have a length of 90 to 130 m and a service speed of 40 to 45 knots; this will require propulsion power in excess of 35,000 kW. Power plants with four diesels will command a dominating position.

Total power of 40,000 kW or more will continue to be provided through power plants with combined diesel engines and gas turbines.

Outlook

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Shipyard/Purchaser

150 vessels with 416 engines

Engines

*) Spare engines/repowering

+ 1*

+ 1*

+ 6*

+ 5*+ 1*

+ 1*

Alstom Leroux Naval, FranceAustal Ships, AustraliaAustal, USACatamaran Ferries International, CanadaDamen Shipyards, SingaporeDerecktor, USAFBM Aboitiz, PhilippinesFjellstrand, NorwayFincantieri, ItalyHansa Liising Eesti, EstlandHellenic Seaways, GreeceImage Marine, AustraliaINMA, ItalyIHI, JapanIRIS Catamarans, FranceKumamoto Dock, JapanKværner Fjellstrand, Norway/SingaporeMarinteknik Shipbuilding, SingaporeMjellem & Karlsen, NorwayMitsubishi (MHI), JapanNew World First FerriesNorth West Bay Ships, AustraliaDe Poli, ItalyRodriquez, ItalyTokashiki, Japan

Total

Vessels

4482

311022361

321323821221

11

150

Series 4000

86

223

812

47*12

6

32

85

24

229

8

8

2

4

8

32

Series 595 Series 11631030

14

24

8

2

81

434

120

Series 80002

248

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References Large Fast Ferries with MTU Diesel Engines (Status: July 2007)

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There is No Alternative to Quality

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Subject to modifications in the interest of technical progress.MIM 19 027 (56 1E) - 1/07 - Printed in Germany - MIM 2007-09

A Tognum Group Company

Europe / Middle East / AfricaLatin America

MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH88040 FriedrichshafenGermany

Phone +49 7541 90 7003Fax +49 7541 90 [email protected]@mtu-online.com

Asia / Australia /Pacific

MTU Asia Pte. Ltd.1, Benoi PLaceSingapore 629923,Republic of SingaporePhone +65 6861 5922Fax +65 6861 [email protected]

USA / Canada /Mexico

MTU Detroit Diesel, Inc.13400 Outer Drive WestDetroit, Michigan 48239USAPhone +1 313 592 7806Fax +1 313 592 [email protected]

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MTU Large High Speed Ferry