MUDRA SCHEME_ a Critical Analysis

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Current Analysis IAS 2016 – NatiHEALTH REPORT: NUTRITION 20

MUDRA SCHEME: A Critical Analysis

According to the NSSO survey of 2013, there are 5.77 crore small business units, mostly individual

proprietorships, which run small manufacturing, trading or services activities. Many of these 'own

account enterprises’ are owned by people belonging to Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe or Other

Backward Classes. However, only 4% of such units get institutional 䂂nance. Providing access to

institutional 䂂nance to such micro/small business units would turn them into strong instrument of

GDP growth and also employment.

Micro Finance is an economic development tool whose objective is to assist the poor to work their

way out of poverty. It covers a range of services which include, in addition to the provision of credit,

many other services such as savings, insurance, money transfers, counseling etc. The players in the

Micro Finance sector can be quali䂂ed as falling into 3 main groups: - the SHG-Bank linkage model

started by NABARD, the Non Banking Finance companies and the others including Trusts, Societies

etc.

The government set up a set up a Micro Units Development and Re䂂nance Agency (MUDRA) Bank

which would be responsible for regulating and re䂂nancing all Micro-䂂nance Institutions (MFI) which

are in the business of lending to micro/small business entities engaged in manufacturing, trading and

services activities.

MUDRA scheme is aimed at “funding the unfunded”. The small entrepreneurs of India are used to

exploitation at the hands of money lenders so far, but MUDRA will instill a new con䂂dence in them

that the country is ready to support them in their eorts that are contributing so heavily to the task

of nation building.

MAJOR FEATURES

· The primary product of MUDRA will be re䂂nance for lending to micro businesses/units under the

aegis of the Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana.

· MUDRA Bank has been established by government with a Re䂂nance corpus of Rs.20, 000 crore, and

credit guarantee corpus of Rs.3000 crore.

· The products would be covered under three categories that are as follows:

Ø Shishu : covering loans up to Rs. 50,000/-

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Ø Kishor : covering loans above Rs. 50,000/- and up to Rs. 5 Lakh

Ø Tarun : covering loans above Rs. 5 Lakh and up to Rs. 10 Lakh

It is to be noted that at least 60% of loans shall be disbursed under Shishu category and remaining

for Kishor and Tarun categories.

· All commercial banks (Private or Public), RRB, Cooperative Bank or other Micro Finance Institutions

are eligible for re䂂nance under PM Mudra Yojana.

· Collateral Security: Banks have been mandated not to insist for collateral security in the case of

loans up to 10 Lakh extended to the units in the Micro Small Enterprises sector.

MUDRA: A GAME CHANGER

The idea of connecting every last mile 䂂nancer (either bank or MFI) to lending credit to all type of business is not particular to India. To reach every common person is beyond imagination for Banks

and only MFIs or local money lender can do this to țow credit to every needed person.

Whenever informal sector people like rickshaw pullers, household factories etc., look for formal

credit then condition of security was major hurdle in getting loan ad can’t be ful䂂lled as these people

does not own any property. As now in Mudra loan, there is no condition of collateral up to loan of Rs

10 Lakh and it will help to fund the unfunded.

It has various dynamic features like Mudra Card, Bank Limit etc. which make scheme more attractive.

In Bank Limit, amount sanctioned for loan shall be deposited into one’s Mudra account and then one

can get credit any time from use of Mudra Card. The interest will be subjected to amount and time

period that one has used but not on whole amount for whole of the year.

As majority of loan amount i.e. 60% shall be allotted to Shishu category can be very useful for

extreme poor population included SC/STs, as majority of sole proprietor business in home based

processing units, such as pickles, papad is run by them.

There is no doubt that growth of informal sector has more eect on every macroeconomic variable

like GDP, Per capita income, gross capital formation or employment generation etc. because thissector already employ more than 12 Cr population in approx 5 Cr enterprises.

Challenges concerning MUDRA

Many put question of creating a new re䂂nance agency Mudra as we already have another agencies to

re䂂nance for purpose of business only like National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development

(NABARD) and the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI).

The world is already in a path to discourage shadow banking (like re䂂nance agencies etc) and toreplace it with main line banking as far as possible. That’s why RBI has set up small 䂂nancial banks

and MFIs get a chance to shift to banking. It does not make much sense to establish a new re䂂nance

agency as it will not solve the purpose, but simply cause of tussle between many agencies and

regulators.


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The poor grievance redressal is one of major problem where government scheme end to a failure or

without success. The government has created new schemes and institutions for special focus on

micro business by passing the existing mechanism or institutions, but remains depend on same

mechanism of grievance redressal which is universally poor in India.

The idea of connecting last mile 䂂nanciers might only be limited to Banks or some big NBFCs because

to register with MUDRA, 䂂nanciers have to pass a litmus test of number of bureaucratic documentsand further need to comply with RBI guidelines which may be not be feasible for most of small

䂂nanciers.

It is also said that Banks and MFIs are converting previous loans into MUDRA and that’s why

government is able to showing large numbers of loans have already been given.

The NPA level, which is already a big problem, might grow at unexpected level due to this type of

easy loan to everyone.

As government banks provides 䂂nancial services to more than 70% population of India, the

bureaucratic nature of government employees (like lethargic or chalta hai attitude etc.) is among

major hurdles in implementation of Mudra scheme.

However NPA might get boost is just an apprehension by banks or people as track record of credit

given to Self Help Groups (SHGs) makes it clear that poor are more honest than the likes of corporate

leaders such as, Vijay Malya or Subrata Roy, who have defaulted billions of dollars. Also it might be

better to have NPAs of billion dollars by Lakhs of people than by only one or two person.

The only thing Banks or RBI has to do is to create a single platform to check past record of person

applying for loan and if never defaulted then provide loan to person as fast as possible.

Overall, MUDRA is a step in right direction for funding the unfunded but government shall set up a

robust monitoring and grievance redressal mechanism to take cognizance problems arrived under

the scheme.

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