Mughal Land Revenue System

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    MUGHAL LAND tuVENUE SYSTEM

    BY

    LANKA SUNDARAM, M.A.

    FELLOW OF THE ROYAL ECONOMIC SOCIETY (LOND.)

    SATYALINGAM SCHOLAR (LONDON UNIVERSITY)

    AUTHOR OF " COW-PROTECTION IN INDIA", ETC.

    DR. B R AMBEDKAR OPEN UNIVERSITY

    UNIVERSITY - LIBRARY

    N!#

    THE BASHEER MUSLIM LIBRARY

    WOKING, SURREY, ENGLAND

    $

    TO

    THE FORMATIVE

    PERIOD OF MY LIFE

    AT

    NOBLE COLLEGE, M AS U LI PAT AM

    WHICH

    STARTED WITH TWO PUPILS ON $ST NOVEMBER $#%&

    HAS DONE IMMENSE GOOD TO THE CAUSE OF

    THE INTELLECTUAL ADVANCEMENT OF

    THE ANOHRA DESA

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    PREFACE.

    T' *+'u+ t' ut/ 0 1 212+ +13 *0+

    t' Ht+14 A1t5, N*4 C446, M1u421t1/, 5

    t' %t' Au6ut $%, 153 '1 *5 +2+5t3 0+/ t'

    7u1+t+48 9u+514 0 t' M8t' St8 : B15614+.

    It 5t 2*4 t ;166+1t t' /2+t15 0 1

    tu38 0 t' Mu6'14 4153 ++t+

    '2 t'1t t' 0+t 8t/1t t+1t/5t 0 t' u*?t

    >44 * 0 u 5 4u31t5 0 t' 2+*4/ t'1t 50+5t3

    t' /2+t+ 0 t' t5t1t+= /18 2+436 /8

    53*t35 t P+0+ P. R1t5181, M,A., 153 9. 9.S*1t15, M.A., 0 t' E5/ 153 Ht+8 D21+t/5t

    0 N*4 C446 >' *t' 5u+163 / t 1tt/2t t'

    tu38 0 5 0 t' 12t 0 I5315 5/ 't+8.

    M8 t'15= 1+ 14 3u t t' ?5t-3t+ 0 t'

    7u1+t+48 9u+514 0 t' M8t' St8, B15614+, 0+

    =53 2+/5 t +2+3u t' >3 5 t 2+5t 0+/

    $ u53+ t'+ 1u2, 153 t /8 0+53 M+. A*3u4 M1?3, M.A.,

    0+ '156 t t' 01t t'1t ' t18

    5 t' u5t+8 2+

    /t1= '144 5t 6+u36 t *1+ >t'.

    $% BRADING",

    C31+ R13,

    M+35, Su++8.

    %t' Au6ut . .

    LANKA SUNDARAM.

    CONTENTS.

    CHAPTER. PAGES.

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    I. INTRODUCTION $ $

    P+4/51+8 +/1+= 51tu+ 0 Mu6'14 L153

    R t' t1=/ ?1//1 >1 /243

    u//1+8.

    III. UNDER THE LATER MUGHALS %

    P1+t14 u+t' 0 t'

    8t/ u53+ t' Mu6*10 t' 0utu+.

    Mu6'14 L153 R

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    I '11 5

    5

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    01/u /5t+ R1?1' T31+ M1 >1 t44 1 +

    @ t/1+t .

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    *ut 51tu+14 t'1t 1 u5 0 t' 551t 3+u2t1 >1++15t3 *8 t' t'5

    2+

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    utt+ 31221+15 0 1 T1*u41 R11 + 1 415 41t

    >'' t * '>5 *8 t' 2115t.

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    15t'+ t+=56 5t 1*ut t' Mu6'14 4153 +, A*>1* 1+ 44614 u++5t t'+u6'-

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    T' A5 /5t5 t'1t A=*1+ 1*4'3 t>5t8-5544614 153 + 00t8 A*>1* 04u+'56. A53 t 13

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    5t+/31+ t * 5 >'5 " 15 1514 D>15

    5041t3 t' +

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    H1

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    @ At5--A=*1+, 2. $.

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    $!

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    " T' /2+'5

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    0u+ 81+ 5ut'' 1+ 651*4

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    @ S/t' O;0+3 Ht+8 0 I531.

    t A5--A=*1+, 2. %&.

    $$

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    t t' '1+6 0

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    5 0 014t1t56 t' 238 153 t' u5+u0043 44-

    t5 0 +1 t1=5 t

    t' 1tu14 3

    056+ 0+ 2u+2 0 /1u+/5t.

    916+ R2+5t t' 165/5t 0 4153 *8 t'

    1 2+1

    t' +u4. A=*1+ u22+3 u' 6+15t ;2t +1+48 0+

    2u+2 0 S8u+6'14. L1t+ 5 t'8 >+ ++3 3+''

    650 6+15 153 K1 +651448 6

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    $&

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    P156'1t L= B1416'1t, 5t3 1*'' Au+156* 00t3

    0+ 2u+2 0 13/5t+1t5. It t'+> =5>5

    1 t' L>4153 /2+56 0 K'153' 153 1 '140 0

    B+1+.

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    .

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    t A5-A=*1+, 2. %!,

    $

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    153 t' ++3 >1 /152u41t3 5 55t5 >t' t'

    +/u5+1t5 0 t' '6' 00+ 0 t' /2+ ".9

    R8t>1+ U54= Putt31+ t 1 8t/ 0

    4153 t5u+ 3

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    153 *8 t' t/ 0 Au+156*, > 053 t' Su*1'31+ 153

    t' D>15 3

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    $

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    /1t+.0

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    5u4t1t5 >t' 2+44. E42'5t5 Ht+8.

    CHAPTER IL

    A=*1+ L153 R 0+65 4/5t u+1 t'1t 1 0> 6+38

    + 5

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    Hu/18u5, > 053 +40 5 t' *5

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    ut3 1*

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    /5t+1t44 +1t t' +'1t

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    t

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    ut 0 u4t3 t 4

    0144> 0+ t'+ + 0u+ 81+ 153 t'5 +u/3 u53+

    u4t1

    40t ut 0 u4tt8 4153 >+ 3

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    +t

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    M3. S+.

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    $

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    2115t 5323 t u4t44 5t

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    !/ t t' 41t+ 5. @

    A W4t5 O43'1/ *+'+ " t' 1tu14 u4t

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    Mu4t15 t' "/531+ t1= 0+/, t' /+'15t 1 .3ut8

    0 $! D1/ u25 /18 5-

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    '>3 300+5

    *t>5 t' tt4/5t 153 t' +2t." T' +15

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    ut3 " T' 4153 tt4/5t 0 t' 2+ tu+5 t t' 00143/ >'' A=*1+

    +1t3 5 ' *u+1u+1t 8t/ 0 6' /1516

    t' /4t1+8 153 +14, t' A/46u1+, t' T2u=',

    153 t' T+1u++. F+/ t' +3+ 0 1++156/5t t

    @ M13> T184+ 1 ut3 *8 S/t' O;0+3 Ht+8 0 I531@

    2. .

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    t A5--A=*1+tt 2. &.

    041+ t'1t /2+t15 >1 6, F1u?31+ 1 3' >1

    1225t3 t t' '1+6 0 1+, t' 715u56, t' A/5 153 t' K1++. " T'Put>1+ /2483 5 t' 21+t 0 t' 'u*153/15

    t =2 15 1u5t 0 ' +2t 53 3*u+/5t,

    153 5 t'ut 5 0 t'. "0 T' 715u56

    4t+1448 /15 " ;2u53+ 0 41> " + " ut/1+8

    +u4 " H t843 *8 t' A5 1 t' " 2+tt+ 0 t'

    'u*153/15 "% B56 5 25 0 155t 3u-

    /5t / 0 t' 715u56 01/4 1+ +t'8 50+/1t5. T' A/5 /15

    " 15 u/2+, 15 1+*t+1t+ + 1 t+ut 0+ t'+. "Q

    H $ '048 5+53 >t' t' t+=56 0 1 /2+-

    / *t>5 t' ;+*t15t 3Y5153 0 t' t1t 153

    t' +3 5t+3u3 5t t' 5/541tu+ 0 t1t-+10t *8

    A=*1+, 153 t3 0+ t' 44t+ 0 1 ++ 0 D1/ +

    t> 153 1 '140 41=' 0 +u2. But 41t+ 5 t' t+/

    >1 12243 t 44t+ 0 +1+),@ 153 t'1t t' //5

    >1 35 t' Put>1+ 153 t'

    7t1556, *3 t'+ 1tu14 141+ >'' +1563

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    *t>5 +u2 t>5t8 153 00t8 1+356 t t'+ +15=.

    N;t 5 +3+ / t' T2u=', 15 53ut+u 153

    =40u4 1u5t15t, 5 >'/ t' At54 '048 3253

    0+ t+ut>+t'8 50+/1t5. H 3ut8 t 321t'

    348 +tu+5 0 t' +2t 153 *1415 0 1 =2t 1 +3+3 t 12t t' 5 0 0+/8 +65 >''

    23 t' 51+8 >6't 1 *u445, >'4 3*u+@

    /5t >+ t * /13 >t' t' ;2+ 122+*1t5

    0 t' D>15.

    A 145t 01t 0+ u t 5t t' 1tt/2t 5 t'

    21+t 0 A=*1+ t 615 t'+u6'55 /1tt+ 0 +=48

    +tu+5 0 t' A/46u1+4 153 t' u5t+-651tu+

    @ A5--A=*1+, 2. %.t HJM. t 2. .

    t I*3., 2. %.

    0 t' A/4 5 t' //+153u/ 0 t' T+1u++@ 6

    t u22+t t' t1t/5t@

    W /18 5> tu+5 t2 t' 300+5t /15 0 +1456

    t' St1t 2+2+t5 0 t' 2+3u 153 t' 8t/

    46143 *8 A=*1+. W /18 *+1348 35 t'

    u4t1 >5 153 t' L156 Butt8 >'+ t'

    2+3u 44t3 5t '12 >1 2+2+t51t48 35 153 t' 843

    2Q+ u5t But t 1

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    2+1 t *

    5 5 C1'/+ >'+ t' t;t +13 9 " t' +2 '144

    * u1448 35 t' 'u*153/15 153 t'

    t1t " 5 T1tt1 >'+ t' " 'u*153/15 31 2+/tt3 >'5 t' 2115t 3+3. It /18

    '+ * *++ " +3+3 t * 213 5 /58".

    %!

    1 15 5t6+14 21+t 0 A=*1+ ++t+ 0 t' A5 >'+ ' /1= 3+t /5t5

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    0 t 1 +61+3 t' +401+ 0 t'

    224 u43 5t '11 548 3u t 53+1t5 0 ;2358,

    5 /158 21+t 0 ' /2+ *56 5>48 5u+3

    >+ u5+u48 153 t+u*4/. F+ ;1/24, B5614

    14>18 2+1 +5t48 5u+3. T'

    5t14 51tu+ 0 t' N11 8t/ 5 0 5t+1t

    153 '5 3u t 3 1*t 8t/ >t' t 51+8

    15t35t 0 P1/1' + /1u+/5t 0 4153, 153

    ut1*4 1/5t@ It 15 16+/5t +1t'+ t'15 1

    3t143 1/5t, 1 /531+ +1t'+ t'15 1 +8t>1+

    8t/, 1 /utu14 5t+1t +1t'+ t'15 1 3t143 ;1/-

    51t5 0 t' 843 0 +2. It 1 //5 153 51 t' 1*t

    8t/ *13 5 15 1tu14 /1u+/5t 0 4153, t'

    51tu+ 0 t' +2 6+>5 153 t' ut1*4 +1t 0 1-

    /5t. A 53+1t5 0 t' 0+/ 0 +

    2+3 t 3+* t' /3 0 44t5 5 t' 00t2

    Su*1 0 A=*1+.@

    A6+1 T' 1*t 8t/ 0 1/5t >1 41+608

    44 t' 46't ;2t5 1 5 t' 1 0 S8u+6'14

    ++ 5t 6'4 5

    S1+=1+ B=15+ 144 t' 4

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    >'4 1 +u53 u/ >1 61 2+'4 0 S1+=1+ B'1t'=t+1 >t' t t'+t8-55 M1'14

    1+ 5t 6+

    /tt3, >'4 t> M1'14 >+ 6+u23 5 5 1.

    H5 t 1 5t 6'4 5 S1+=1+ (B'1+) ut 0

    1 3t+/53 *8 N11"

    (2. &!). A 2u41+ 01tu+ t 5t 1*ut t' Su*1 0

    B5614 t'1t t Tu=/ 9u/t51 3 5t /5t5 t'

    1+1 0 + 5t 6'4 t' M1'14 0 t' 5t+ S1+=1+ 0

    Ku44563u5321ut 153 R1? M1'53+' (R1?1'/u53+8 )

    >+ 5t 5u/+1t3. A5t'+ 25t >'' u22+t t'

    t1t/5t t'1t N11 >1 2+

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    B+1+ I5 65+14 N1t 153 t' A5 /1=

    /5t5 0 t'+t5 /531+ *3, 2+'12, /158

    t'+ (22. &%-%). B3, M15=3+u6 15 5325-

    35t t++t+8 (2. &%#). E6't 21+6151 5 S1+=1+

    Ku44+5 213 5t t' '153 0 15 532535t /5-

    31+, >'4 t>5t8-t> 21+6151 5 S1+=1+ K'+41 >+

    532535t u53+ /531+ (2. &%). E41+ 6+ /2ut3 5

    9K'+>1+", t' K '+>1+ *56 15 ut' t'+ 2+-t'+3 >1 3/1533 uu1448 0+/

    t' tt14 2+3u 0 t' 4153. T' Tu=/ 9u//1

    0 t' Su*1 0 K1*u4 3 5t /5t5 t' 1+1 0+ 158

    0 t' S1+=1+, >'4 1 +61+3 / S1+=1+ 5 1/u5t

    0 +1 =5>5 1 3u. T' S1+=1+ K1*u4

    5t15 1 +t15 1/u5t S8u+6'14 4153 >'4 S1+=1+

    Pu=48 3 5t /5t5 t' 1/u5t 0 +1t, D+u5u5 1 53 I1='84 t'8 >+ ;2+48

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    t1t3 1 '44 t+1t 5'1*t3 *8 u5+u48 t+*. H5

    t' u21t5 0 I/2+14 G1 t44 2u+u3 u53+ A=*1+. T' B+1+8

    Tu561' u14 t t>5t8-0u+ D1/, 153 '5 t>1

    Tu561' +u6'48 6 t /1= 15 I41' Rt2. T' Su*1

    0 K'153' >1 /2+3 0 t'+t8-t> M1'14 ut 0>'' t'+ >+ 5t /5t53, >'? t'+ ++ t1t3. T' /1u+/5t 0 t' Su*1 >1 5t

    6+ 6t'ut t' ;t5t 0 t'?+ 1+1, A 25t t 5t

    '+ t'1t t' Su*1 >1 31 T' 1*t 8t/ >1 t' +u4. A58'>

    t' A5 /5t5 " t' 'u*153/5 '+ 218 t'

    +

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    Ou3' T' Su*1 5t 0 0t'

    /1u+/5t 0 4153. T> M1'14 1+ /56 >'4

    S8u+6'14 5t /5t53.

    H> t' Tu=/ 9u//1 >1 /243.

    H1 /18 5> 21u

    0+ 1 //5t 153 15148 t' 2+524 1+356 t

    >'' t' Tu=/ 9u//1 >1 /243. A /2+'5-

    t' /1u+/5t *ut /1548 3253

    u25 t' 1tu14 843 0 +2 + /18 u66t t'

    2+'+ 5 06u+ >+ 6 /18 54u3 t' 2++ 300u4t t 6t, > /18 51/ t' 2+

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  • 8/20/2019 Mughal Land Revenue System

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    0 t' 2+524." A=*1+ 8t/ '1 3t5t5, 153 1 1 321+tu+ 0+/ 2+3 t

    t1t t' 65+14 '156 5t+3u3 *8 t' 41t+

    Mu6'14 5t t' 8t/ 0 A=*1+9 >'4 ++44 t +//*+ t'1t *8 t' t/

    0 Au+156* t' 00t5 Su*1 0 A=*1+ *1/ t>5t8-

    5, 5 T1tt1, K1'/+ 153 O+1, +651448 54u33

    *8 A=*1+ 5 t' Su*1 0 Mu4t15, K1*u4 153 B5614+2t+ 21+1t3 >'4 t' Su*1 0 t'

    Dt15 *1/ ; 5t13 0 t' +6514 t'+@ T'

    0+1/>+= 0 A=*1+ >1 t / ;t5t +t153, *1t

    %

    !

    '4

    t' 2+t 0 A=*1+ 8t/ >1 3t+t3.

    A 6+61t5 >1 ??13 5 t' 0u5t5 0 t'

    S21'-S141+, >' >1 t' 6' '1 t' 5t+4 0 t' /4t1+8 1001+ 0 t' 2+

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    A +61+3 t' u*-31 t t' /15 2+56 0 13/5t+1t5.

    H 0u5t5 >1 t t+= 1 /2+/ *t>5 t'

    St1t 3?1156 t' ++ '13/5 0

    t' 21+6151 153 t' + +6t+1+ 5 t' 1/ +3+,

    A=*1+ 2ut 214 t+ u25 t'+ 41*u+, >'+1

    t' 1tttu3 0 t' 41t+ Mu6'14 t>1+3 t' 0014

    >1 5 0 u25 153 3t+ut.

    U53+ t' 41t+ Mu6'14, t' 2+t 0 A=*1+ 4153

    +1 tt1448 11 +13 0+/

    5-t'+3 t 5-'140 0 t' 6+ 2+3u + 5 *8 A=*1+, *ut 1 65+14 3t++-

    1t5 2+56 t ' 2+514 50++t8

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    41/88

    >'5 /21+3 >?t' ' 44ut+u 01t'+. H "'1*tu14

    153 ;1 /t/

    %$ *1+*1+u48 +u4" 5 t' >+3 0 T++8, 153 1t t'+

    t/ '>3 65 0 4/58. H1>=5 2ut t'

    +t' t' t5 ++ 0 A=*1+. R 9u+514 t'+> 46't

    u25 t' 25t. S21=56 0 t' + 0 t' D>15 153

    t' Su*131+ 15 * t+13 t ' +6+t, 153 t' 0+/+

    0014 >1 2413 u53+ t' 3+t 5t+4 0 t' /-

    2+14 D>15. It 0u+t'+ *415 >1

    t 1t 1 1 '= '4 1 /utu14 >1t' >1 5?53 5 *t' t'

    0014.

    U53+ S'1' 91'15 t' 2+u+ 5 t' 2115t 5-

    +13. T' u468 0 R1 B'1+1 M1 1 +61+3 t'

    1tt5t5 0 S'1' 91'15 t "/2++= u'

    1 t' T1?. H> 01+ t' 1 65 0 ;2t514

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    51t514 2+6+ 1 25t t'1t 155t * 148 13.

    At t' 31t' 0 S'1' 91'15 00t8 A*>3* + 44614

    1+ 13 t '1'/ 2+' 5 5-u5 0 t' *13 t+1t/5t t'8 ;2+5 0+/ t'

    6

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    0 t'+ '43+5 >' 1+ 1++3 1>18 1 415

    + 5 1/2 1 *1++ 0 *u35, 1+++ 0 >1t+,

    + +'2

    /24 t'/ t 515t 41*u+@ 0+ t' *50t 0

    t'+ 153 3++3 " 121*4 t " ;t+1t 4 ut 0 153 "

    >t' t' 4 153 u5+t+t3 1ut'+t8 0 3356

    5t+t' ' 1 153 12+.@

    But 153

    241u+, ' 5-

    6

  • 8/20/2019 Mughal Land Revenue System

    44/88

    t >1 >+, 5 ' 5t+4 '' >1 0u+t'+

    166+1't'+ t'8 1+ 56163 5 u4t t'/

    158 01

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    #

    " A53 5 / t+1t (71+1*), >'+ t' 2115t

    1+ =5>5 t * 2+ 153 t 41= 12t14, t'8

    /248 t' 2+3u+ 0 +2 3-00t' + /+ + 4."

    F+/ t' 2116 t >44 * 1 t' +u4. T' 01+/56

    0 t' +1 //5 5 t >1 1+. T'

    2115t /ut 55t t t' 3/153 /13 *8 t'

    St1t + 4 1 ++t >1 t=5 t P1/1' >'' >1

    5 t40 /+ 3+133 *8 t'/. B3, t' 53t5

    5 t' Fu+/15 2+

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    46/88

    t+1u+8 *8 56 t' 414 +u6' 1u5t 0 '' t' 15=+>+/ '1t' 40t, t t' 1t+2441+ '1t'1t5."@ Et' t' ;t5t 0

    t' /2+14 3/55 *t 44ut+1t3 *8 t' t1*4 0

    +

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    A=*1+

    $%,$,!,

    A.D. $%#

    S'1' 91'15

    ,!!,!!,!!!

    A.D. $%

    Au+156*

    ,%,&,!

    S/ 81+ *t>5 $-$

    B+5+ +tu+5

    4 ,&,(?2

    D1t u5+t15 *ut '43 t *

    *t>5 $-$$ @

    O0014 +tu+5

    &,%,$%,&#

    A.D. $

    Au+156*

    ,,%,#!

    A.D. $!

    Au+156*

  • 8/20/2019 Mughal Land Revenue System

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    &!,&,,#

    F+/ t' t1* t >44 * 1 1 2+/55t

    01tu+ 1*ut t' ++ 41*4 t 218-

    /5t 1t 1 305t +1t 0 1/5t >'t'+ t' 4153

    $

    >1 u4t1 51 +651448

    15 5t+/31+8 *t>5 t' / St1t 153 t' 53

  • 8/20/2019 Mughal Land Revenue System

    49/88

    A441u335 213 t' 1+/8 /ut+ 5 1',>'4 u53+ F+u?

    S'1' t' 6+15t56 0 916+ *1/ t' 41>. A=*1+ 5

    0615 ++3 0 E42'5t5 @ " T' 6+ *8 t' t+150+ 0 ' 00 t 158 t+156+>' >4456 t 12t t' 5t+1t." Wt' t'

    2116 /ut * t1=5 t' 14+138 t3 >15t t 41+48 u53+t153 t'

    51tu+ 0 t' 8t/. T' 01+/56 0 +1

    2+ t' 1*5+/14 4-4t5 /13 *8 t' Gt' t' +/1+= 0 B+50+ 153 t'8 53

    5t * +21t3 5 1615. Su00 t.t 18 t'1t t'

    01+/56 0 t' +

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    5 6't 81+ t'+ >+ ; 8+8.@ E1 0+u5t48 32413 5 ' 15 0t5 3+1663 t'

    /1u+56 '15 '/40 @>Xt' ' >5 '153 " t

    44 + 1514. E

  • 8/20/2019 Mughal Land Revenue System

    52/88

    t' 51tu+ 0 +2 6+>5. H+, 1 +61+3 t' 14

    0 1/5t *8 Mu+'3 7u4 K'15, t /18 * u+u

    0+ u t 5t >'1t 4615 144 1 '15 535

    0 2'5/51 *t>5 t 153 t' 5?u5t5 0 Su=+1

    1*ut t' '1+ 0 +t' +61+3 t 4153 325356 u25 1

    1 6+153 u. P+514 u2+5t535 153 5t15t

    1 1 +123 /2+' *+

  • 8/20/2019 Mughal Land Revenue System

    53/88

    @ E42'51t5 Ht+8, 2. .

    t G46 L0@ /1 ut3 *8 V55t S/t', O;0+3 Ht+8,

    Ft-5t, 22. -&@

    E42*5t5 Ht+8 J 2. .

    #

    u+ >'' 15 148 +0ut t' u66t5 3++43, 1 =56 < *8

  • 8/20/2019 Mughal Land Revenue System

    54/88

    5 0 t' 2+/55t 't+14 21+13; H> t

    t'1t t' =56 *1/ t' 4 2+2+t+ 0 t' 4

    >t' t' u//1+8 3214 0 ' u*?t +6't 153

    4+ /18 * t'1t ' 44t3 +u53 '/

    +t15 4814 u*?t 153 3t+*ut3 1/56 t'/ t'

    >'4 4153 153 40t t >t' t'/ 1 1 +t 0 2+2tu14

    uu0+ut. A '' 3+1> 1

    3t5t5 *t>5 S1'6?1 153 A3'=1 5/.@ " A

    S1'1?1 5/ t'1t >'' / 2+/155t48 t 1

    2+5 '' 6t 0+/ t' 15t+14 2+2+t8

    1443 t' *t S1'1?1 5/. A3'=1 + 133t514

    5/@ 54u3 2+0t, 5t+t, 0 0+ 001t56 5

    1+0, +>1+3, 141+8 153 t'+ 5/ 6t 5 1

    /41+ >18." B8 t' 2116 > 15 2 S1'1?1 153 A3'=1 5/

    15 1/24 tt/58 t t' 25t 5 ut5.

    M+. K. V. R1561>1/ A81561+ '1 41+48 25t3

    ut 10t+ 1+0u4 5

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    55/88

    5t +41t56 t t' 52t5 0 15 314 2+5 *8

    K1ut481 153 M1'1' 5t

  • 8/20/2019 Mughal Land Revenue System

    56/88

    t3>18 50144*4 >t' t' 2++61t+ +653 5 t' t/ 0 t' Mu6'14, 153

    +43 " 153 5u5t48 2+'8 'u43

    > ;253 u+ >5 /58 153 t/ t +53+ t 0+ut0u4

    W /18 * 32+u43 *50t 5t'+ u+4

  • 8/20/2019 Mughal Land Revenue System

    57/88

    >43+5" @ 153 54u3 ' Ltt+ t C4*+t 5 t'

    044>56 /155+ " Y, /8 4+3, t 54u3 *+048, I

    /ut +21t t t1= 1>18 t' +6't 0 2+44

    * 253 t t' +u5 0 =56 153 t' 3t+ut5 0

    51t5. It t' '2 *8 >'' 1 /15 15/1t3,

    t'1t ' '144 +t15 t' 00 ut 0 ' 53ut+8, 153 t+15-

    /t t'/ t ' 35315t, t'1t 0+/ t' /15

    0u531t5 0

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    A u+'t'+ t' 2115t 153 65+15t 04=

    0 t' 16 >+ 5t 41*u+56 u53+ 313't'+ t' u5t+8 >1 5t 5041t3 >t'

    15 ;t 1 G+'1/ L1>. Fu+t'+, 1 tu38 0 t'

    51tu+ 0 t' u++58 5 t' Mu6'14 E/2+ 0 2+5-

    514 5t+t t 0515+ 153 tu35t@ 0 5/.

    S5 t *t 44ut+1t t' 2+524 0 tt8 " 2+6+

  • 8/20/2019 Mughal Land Revenue System

    59/88

    0u+ /5t 0+ t' 516 0 643, 45 >'+ t' /5t >1 tu1t3

    0+ t' 2u+2 0 Nt+, t1tt+56 0 5 153

    t=5 1/56 t' u+u +1**4 0 65+15t t>5 153

    5 t'+ 4814t8 153

    *u8 t'+ '1+t.

    H+ > /18 t2 0+ 1 //5t Q53 t+8 t 6t 1t

    t' 51tu+ 0 /5t16 0+ t' 2u+2 0 N1+. Et8-

    05461448 t' >+3 N1+ 650 t' 1t 0 1tt+56,

    t' t'56 1tt+3, 1 /144 5 3t+*ut3 1t >3356.@

    It 5 0 t' /t //5 >+3 t * /t >t' 5

    t' Mu6'14 '+54, +/5356 u 0 5 0 t' P15-

    A1t ut/ 0 15tut8 >'+ 1 2+0u 3t+*ut5

    0 41+6 >1 /13 t'+ 5 t' 0+/ 0 5 + 0

    2+u t5 >13 t'1t +1/*4 0+ t'/ 5 /2+t15t

    15 u' 1 1 +814 2+6+ U>+u6' t' u5t+8, 1

    /u505t >3356, 1 *+t'318 1556'56 0 t' /2++ >5 2+5 (=5>5

    5 S15=+t 1 Ttt41*'1+) 1615t 2+u t5 153

    5 >'' >+ t'5 3t+*ut3 1/56 ' u*?t

    Nt 548 5 *ut 14 /t1t5 0+ut S+ T'/1

    R 1> t' 3t+*ut5 0 "t6'/5t 0 ' >5

    2+5 /1= 1 =56 ++t t t' 3t+*ut5 0 N1+.

  • 8/20/2019 Mughal Land Revenue System

    60/88

    L1t+, *8 t' t/ 0 9'156+ 15 1tu14 5, t' N1+,

    >1 t+u= /1548 0+ u' 2u+2.

    U54= t' 2+5t-318 G18 5

    5t1 *8 t' 2+0t >'' t'8 15 +14 *8 356.

    T' A5--A=*1+ 6t' '6'48

    +6153 /5t 153@ u2++ 38, 1 -1443 >6't-+/38 0 tt' ' '2448 +u3 /5t 153 u55t0

    /1516/5t 8t t'8 100+33 t' 314 0+ t' 16, 1

    >6't-+/38 0 5Q tt1'1' >1 t1=5 0+ 3u5t I9+0. 0+ 5 5

    5t13, t 1 t1=5 0+ t' 1tu14 t 0 /5t56 =5>5

    5 /3+5 318 1 B+116, 1 M. C'11 2413

    t 51/ t .

    W /18 5> tu+5 t t' 055 5 t' 5 0 t'

    Mu6'14 + 21568+ u25

    t'/. T' /3+5 /t'320 11856 153 u15tt1t+ 0u53 t * 1*4ut48 2u+ >t'ut

  • 8/20/2019 Mughal Land Revenue System

    61/88

    1 564 6+15 0 1448 + 0 63 4+ 548 '1//+3, t' 6+ 3'5t8

    0 t' /5t /1t+ 153 t+1u++ 5 t1/2+56 >t'

    5t6+t8 0 t' 516, t' " /15 /+51+8 >+t' "

    1 t' A5--A*+ 144 t'/,0 t' 65.14 2+1t 0

    >1t56 153 42256 >'' , t' 34*+1t 4>+56

    0 t' t1531+3 0 055 153 >6't *8 3'5t

    D1+6'1 5 >' '153 >1 2413 t' /1516/5t0 t' /5t, t' 41= 0 t' 51+8 55t'' 413 t t'

    @ H3

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    62/88

    365+18 0 +5t14 32t/, 153 1*5 t' t> /t14 *8 t/2+1+48 u25356 t'

    u, + 1u56 t' 5041t5 0 t' + t'1t =53 0

    516, 1 15 3/153 t 1+356 1 t'8 122+-

    1t + 32+1t 5 1t+/1+= 5 t' 32+1t5 0 t' '5 t' +1t 122+;-

    /1t3 $ $.@ T' t1t 0 1001+ >1 3+t48 1/51*4

    t t' 5+13 ut2ut 0 4'' +u48

    100t3 t' 2+2+t8 0 I531 t'+u6' t' /3u/ 0

    t' P+tu6u 153 t'+ /+'15t, 153 >'' u4t/1t-

    48 1> t' 132t5 0 1 4

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    G+'1/ L1> u+ t 2+1t '+. H5

    t' 643 516 6+13u1448 31221+3 0+/ 65+14

    +u41t5 153 >1 548 t * 5 5 t' 'u 0 2+5-

    214 365t1+ 0 t' t1t >' 15 100+3 t /1516 'u6

    t+151t5, >'4 t' +351+8 2115t 153 1+t15

    t'u6't t 4u+1t+ 5t'+ t1tt15, ;2+t 5/t, 53t

    051514 555 t t'4/, 153 t' 1+t014

    4/t1t5 0 t' +u41t5 0 1 21+tu41+ 5 1 1-

    5 3/153 t, 153 t' 0;1t5 0 1 t1*4 +1t *t>5

    t' t> 2+u /t14 t +53+ //+ t * 1++3

    5 1 u+ *1 >+ *853 t'+ /2+'55. T'+

    31 0 5/ 153 14 't+8 1+ ut 1t65'56

    t u 0 t' t>5tt' 5tu+8, >'4 u+ t'+ 0

    5/ 153 51t514 0515 >+ ut 515 t t'/,

    /u' 4 /2+'5*4. H5 t 21= 0 t'

    2+t' /u' +t+ 0 t' 41t+ t/ /5tt t'1t 5 t53

    1 '140 4

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    #%

    3 t'5 t' /21 0 $ t $!. 6+15@

    But t' 1+ t' t> ;t+/, t' 5 /1=56 u

    t'5= t 5+3*4, >'4 t' t'+ 1= u t 3u*t t

    ;35648. T'+ 56't 0 t' Mu6'14 T41 1 1615t

    t' 5t15t 0+/ > 2+'+

    *t>5 $# 153 $# 6+15 T+8.

    H1 /18 5> 2+0t1*48 tu+5 t t' 2+-/55t 01tu+ 0 t' 5u//1t 3u+56 t' 53t' t'1t 21+-

    tu41+ 2+5 >'4 t'8 /6't '1

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    2+ 053 41+ t+1 0 t' 65+14 u++58 0 0+65

    @ Lt. 1t., 2. &&&,

    35/51t5 1 15 *Q ?

    t 0'6 4= 00t 5 t' 5t/2+1+8 1ut+-C+3. T' AQ=t0, t' Q'Q'+u=' 0 t'

    T+u/15 1+ t' t'+2 t82 0 5 >'2' 068+ 01+-

    0t508 5 ' +65. @

    T' A'+10, 0 M1/4u= +65, *1/ 01/u 5

    t' 00t5t' 5tu+8 >'5 t >1 051448 132t3 5t

    t' E682t15 u++58. T' +6514 t8/4614 /15@

    56 0 t 5*4 , ++25356 t t' E564' 5*4

    153 5 2u+ 0 t/ t 1/ t * 448 12243 t 144

    +t 643 5 0 6't 153 1 300+5t48 6+ /2ut35 t'1t 35/51t5. F+/ t' 31t1

    t

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    3851t8 '11 5t 0;3, *ut >1 u*?t t 414 5t8-

    0u+. " T' Tu/15 >1 1 /+ /58 0 1u5t, 153/1651+8 35/51t5 >t' 1 0;3 t'+t14 1u*?t tt0121+8

    '

    1't ' 5t u5*/56 +1 5t1443 @

    t' t'+5 0 D4'. B5t +

    1*u5315t u15tt8 0 65u5 4 /158 /2+t15t 55

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    T' 8t/ 0 516 u53+ A=*1+ 1 t'+u6'

    2+ 0 ;2+/5t56 0 153 + *56 1++3 5 *8 A/+ F1ttu441' 153 R1?1 T31+

    M1 1*ut t' 0;1t5 0 t' 32+1t5 144>15 +5-

    3+3 51+8 *8 t0 5t15t >1+ 153 t1+, u5t4 $$,

    >'5 A=*1+ 3+3 t'1t t' 643 Mu'1+ 305t *8

    t'+ 6+15 153 t' +u2 014456 '+t *8 ; 6+15

    'u43 5t * 3/3 +6't 5 153 '5 *

    12t3 1 *u445. T' 3+ 33 1>18 >t' t' 43@

    1 t / ;t5t 2+1 /2+

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    @ A/., 2. #.

    t @., 2. $.

    !

    t * /t >t' 5 t' +351+8 u+ 0 40 5 A='1+6

    t/.

    " A=*1+ 215 0+ 55, ' 215 00 55+t'8 01tu+ 1*ut A=*1+ 8t/

    0 516 t' -144t3 G615t 5 + 2'5/514

    F+65 t+1= 153 3 L1t

    t+u= >t' t' t+15535t14 *+4415 ( t /-

    t'/) \ t'7 2'52/114 2 123 40t t'+

    0u44 0 1u41t+8 5+u/.

    H1

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    35/51t5 t1=5 /t48 0+/ S15=+t 153 t' t'+

    I5315 43 ' t'+8 t*10t '8 >+

    t' *6 5*t ' t' /2+, >' 15 218 564

    t1/23 56t + 1 2+t5tu /314 /+ 544

    1+ 5> t 50+. A 6+1534u5t 100t1t5 1t /165-

    05 5 64+856 1*ut t' /5t16 0 6615t 5,

    153 15 1+3uu 3+ t ;14t t' /2+ 5 t' 8 0

    0+65 1/*113+ *8 2+5t56 t'/ >t' u' 2'5-

    /514 2 /13 t' Mu6'14

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    556'1/, M+. H35@ 153 +/5t3 5

    Mu'/u3. It >1 1 65+ 1 >44 1 1 22u41+ 3-

    651t5 0 t' 4

    153 1 '140 Mu'/u3 >5t t /1= 1 +u2 0 A=*1+.

    "T' +65 0 9'156+ /1+= 15 2' 5 t'

    't+8 0 Mu6'14 5u//1t 153 >1 3t56u'3

    *8 '' ' 541+63 t025 t' +1+t8,

    '16't 333t

    ' 5t8 t 0115t15 1 5t158 t0 0t

    +14u, 5 t' , t' 365 153 t' /t14 05tt/04

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    5 t' 5 32533 14>18 u25 t' 1/u5t 0 /508

    >'' t' /2+3+ 01 >4456 t 1tt+ 1/56 't u*-

    ?t. H5 214 +3+ >+ t * 2+/u461t3 1

    t t' /5t16 0 u' 5 1t t' 241u+ 0 t'0

    /2++, 153 > 15 148 55t t' 31t 0 15

    /2+14 t18 5 1 t>5 >'+ 1 2+1

    tu1t3@ 153 t' 31t >'5 1 21+tu41+ 5 5t533

    4+ t' 2u+2 0 N1+ >1 /5t3.

    D1+* 153 C'1+5 1+ t'+ 2 >'' 1+ t *

    0+u5t48 /t >t' 5 t' t1t/5t 0 9'156+. T'8

    >4+ +651448 t' 0150u4 3651t5 5t' 5 t4

    15514 0 t' +65 0 9'156+. T' 21+4 153@ t0

    ?>4 t+13 0t5 /13 u 0 t' T15= 1 1 //5

    >6't 153 t'0t T@@= >1 *t' H W6't 153 1 4tt

    0t t' D1/ A=*1+. It 01> t 65 5 t't 1tVt

    2>+ 0 A=*1+ 153 t 6+> 04 2-/'+t tt t' 5?60t

    0 9'156+ u*?t t t' /3u41t56 504u5 0 414

    1 1*ut ;t8-0u+ 6+15 t+8 1

    >6't. " @ . . t' T15= 2 >0 t+u= >t' 1

    t 2+

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    * 0u53. T' +814 1ut*6+12'+ 6 t 18 t'1t 1

    u335 5t5 >'' 5t+3 ' /53 /1= '/ 3+

    t'1t t' 5 'u43 *1+ t' 06u+ 0 t' 5t441t5

    >'' *4563 t t' /5t' 5 >'' t' 5 >+

    t+u= 5t13 0 t' 5+/14 /5t-2L. A53 T1 5 51/ /+Q

    4= 1 04=-t14 t'15 15 't+14 ;6.

    Lt u 5> tu+5 t \' '1+ '1+ 65+1448

    =5>5 1 9'156+. E 3t5t + 0+*335 5 t' ;t' +6514 81+

    t'+ >+ 506' 5 t * /2483 5 //+14

    t+151t5 1

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    0 +1+ u++5 1221+5t 0+/ t' 3/24 /150-

    t1t5 t'1t t' I5315 /uu/ 15 *1t 0 548 5 0

    u' Mu'+, 153 t'1t 15t'+ 5 +6t+3 5 M+.

    W't'13 1t146u. T' /2+14 1ut*6+12'+

    50+/ u t'1t ' 21448 +3+3 t' /5t16 0 643

    2 >6'56 5 t41 >t' t' u2++2t5 0 t'

    P13'1 0068 5 t' 5 3 153 t' 06u+ 0 A441'

    u+/u5t3 *8 1 u5 5 t' t'+. T' P+t+1t

    Mu'+ + 214 /314 >+@548 5t533 0+ 2+5t-

    1t25 *8 t' /2++ t /55t 365t1+ 0 t' St1t

    1 1 /1+= 0 /2+14 01'4 t' /2++ t= 1tu14 241u+ 5 56 t'

    /314 >+5 *8 t'/ >t' 1 +t 0 0t' +

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    CHAPTER VL

    C54u5@

    I0 1 32151t 1u5t 0 t' 51tu+ 0 t'

    Mu6'14 L153 Rt' t' +u6' 153 +138 =53 0

    +5 1

    ut-+5t >1 65+1448 t1=5, 153 t' 053 t' =563/ 0 V?1815161+ ;1t-

    56 /+ t'15 t' uu14 +1t 0 1/5t B5t Nu5

    t1t/5t t'1t 55-t5t' >1 t1=5 5t +3*4.

    $!!

    W4= t1t t'1t t>5t8 44614 >+ 2++ 2+-

    '*t3. O5 t' t'+ '153, u53+ S''4 t'+

    >1 5 01+/56 0 t' +. A=*1+ t=

    5-t'+3 0 t' 6+ 2+3u 153 +/tt3 1+.

    L1t+ / '156 0+ t' >+ >+ 5t+3u3 153

    t' St1t '1+ >1 +13 t 5-'140 153, 1t t/,

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    t'1t 0 t' B+t' 13/5t+1t+ 1t t' 2+5t 318 3

    5t 6'4 1+1 5t 043 *8 1 131t+14 u+t' t' G1 *+u6't 1*ut *8 At u' 1

    t' B5614 T5158 At 0 $@## *13 5 2+524 0

    0;t8 0 t5u+ 153 ?u314 +5t >'4 65t8 81+ >t'ut

    t' 55t 0 t' St1t " 153 u' 4= t+1u+.

    J

    T'u > '1

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    +138 =53 ut1*4 t t'+ 53. W'5 /21+56

    @ I/2+14 G1ttt+, $!#, VI, 2. &$#.

    $!$

    t't t8tt/ > 'u43 5t /5/ t' 504u5 0

    t' 16 5 >'' t'8 4t' t'+

    -;t56 8t/, t' +u/t15 >'' 61 t' 51tu+ 0 Mu6'14 4153 + '1 5. B1+ t' 8t/ t153 >t'

    t 30t 153 /+t 153 1 /21+5 0 t >t' t'+

    8t/ 42 t +14 51tu+. N 3u*t t' 8t/

    >1 5t1448 1; 01t 153 == 5 15 16 0 2+tu+*3 153 2+24;3

    +u/t15. E1 /t61t3 t'

    G+t6 0+48 u25 t' t'+ +u+

    0 t' u5t+8 5 t' 0+/ 0 1 1/533 t

    2+t' t' 5t8 0 /256

    133t514 t1;1t5 5;t 81+ + t' 81+ 10t+."9 Yt

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    t' H5. S+ B14 B41=tt '1 t' 63 5 t 1u+

    u t'1t t' G

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    3u u53+ A=*1+, -&! +/5 0

    t1; *8 A=*1+, &! A=*1+ +15, &$ 1/531+

    2+

    0014 /1'5+8 0 A=*1+, &-&

    t'+u6'5 0 +15 0 A=*1+, &%.

    A'+10, #.

    Au+156* $-5 % % +3t+-

    *ut5 0 2+

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    8t u53+, GO-$ Mu+'3 Ku4

    K'5 tt4/5t 0 t' D15,

    &- 1*4' 1u+? 4*+1t5,

    !.

    B.

    B1*1+, $ #! 4/+ B1*1+, #.

    B131u5,#!.

    B13'151/1, %,

    B1651, R1?1 @0, &.

    B1'13u+ S'1' II, .

    B1?, .

    B1416'1t,$%.

    B150*1t, $!.

    $$

    B C5t3.

    B1t1, $! K48t B1t1, $& L156

    B1t1, $& .

    B1t1t1, I*5, .

    B=1>48, &! .

    B5614, %! % %# %.

    B+1+, &$ && %#.

    B+1+ T15=1, %.

    B+5+, F+15, % : $ %.

    B'1t=u+1, 1+=1+, %.

    B61, # $! $& % , 14

    91+*.

    B?12u+, &%.

    B=15+, %$.

    B+*14, R1?1, &.

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    B41=tt, S+ B14, $! $!&.

    B+1@@16, t5 2+ 5t u53+ A=*1+,

    #-.

    C.

    C1/*+18 T5=1, .

    C1++, $-$& 1/ 1 C++, #

    &&&%!!, $.

    C1'/+, &! %% %#.

    C=1415 Ru2, .

    C'1/, %.

    C'1u3'u+, $! $.

    C'=+, $! %.

    C+5>144, L+3, $!$.

    Cu5556'1/, G5+14, $ .

    Cu++58, S'+'1, ! u++58 8-t/ 0 t' Mu6'14, -# P+0. H-

    31+, 215t-

    56 0 214 5 0+ 2u+O 0

    ttM1+, -# 6+1tutu 516,

    # 055 0 516, #-#! 8 *+1-

    16 u53+ A=*1+, 6+13u14 3t+-

    +1t5 0 /5t16@ u53+ t' 41t+

    Mu6'14@, #! */t144/, #$ ;-

    '156 +1t *t>5 643 153 4++,

    Qt ++5u 1*ut Mu6'14

    C C5t3.

    */t144/, #-#& t' >6't

    t' Mu6'14 tt, ##.

    C>.1/ 1 C1++.

    D.

    D19ut141, $!.

    D1/, $ &! &$ & %& % .D1+*, !%.

    D1+6'1, #T 0 .

    D1ttu+, $$ %.

    D4', %&.

    D+5u+5, 1+*1+, %%.

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    D8*142u+, t1+=1+, %.

    D'1/5u3, 1+=1+, %&.

    D'+/, #.

    D51+, #.

    D>15, $$ & ! &.

    Du1*', 31' 0 t' I53u, %.

    E. @

    E42'505, M5ttu1+t, $-5 ! $

    F.

    F1,S'1=,&.

    F1/5 0 $&!-&, 1u5t 0, *

    A*3u4 H1/ 3, %.

    F1+/15@, - # $ %.

    F1++u=81+, #$.

    F1ttu441', A/+, ##.

    F+u S'1' Tu6'41=, $# &.

    Fu;31+, & & !.

    G.

    04'1441*1=M, $$ t' +6514 H53

    8t/ 0 +2 3

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    H1>=5, !.

    H+*+t, .

    H3, /314, #.

    K1*u4, %% %# %,

    K1415t1+, $Q 6

    K1531'1+, %%,

    K1595t4, $ &! ? &$ ? .

    K5,M+.,%.

    K'10K'15, .

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    K'141, +>5 4153, &$ .

    K'153', %% % %#.

    K'+41,+01+,%&.

    K'+>1+, &! %% %.

    A4t, $&&&&S.

    K3'+1, 1+=1+, %&. t

    Kt>14, &. t

    Ku4456u5321ut, 1+=1+, %.

    Ku44+5, 1+=1+, %&.

    Ku/15, 1+=1+, %&.

    L1t,3,!.

    L1'+, %.

    L14-9Q14 Mu'+, #-!.L151+, 61, %.

    M13=3+u6 J %&.

    M1t1*, t 2'/+14 '1/U+, #

    $ $.

    M0tt6>R1?@,&.

    M15 ' +

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    M

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    P0 t11, 1+, &. @

    P+>t8, $% % .

    P+t+1t Mu'+, .

    P+52, 91/, #!.

    P+2+t+'2 0 4, -% 't+14 5u56, $ &% & & $.

    7ut-+5t, .

    7u+15,

    R.

    R1?1'/u53+8, 1+=1+, %&.

    R1/, $.

    R1'= D1, Au+156* 01+/15 t0t.-.

    R5t14 8t/, + 0, u53+ Au+15@6-

    *, !-$.

    Rt'151*13, 1+=1+, %.

    R1+, 1+=1+, %&.

    R, S+ T., #&.

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    Ru2- 9*156+, .

    R8t>1+, $.

    S.

    S1+=1+, 1 t++t+14 u5t, # $ %$

    % %& %% % %.

    S1+=1+, P+0+ 913u51t', $-5 $

    & .

    S C5t3.

    S85+6'14, $ 40 %$ % %& %% %

    %. . U

    S*1'?1'15, G ;253tu+ u53+, &

    051514 +3+ u53+, & #.

    S'1+u=, #.

    S'+*1', $ $ ! 051514

    13/5t+1t5 0, $-& #.

    S'1t, 1+=1+, %%.

    T.

    T14/ 91//1, % %% '> t' t1=/

    @ ?1//1 >1 /243, %-%.

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    T15=1# t .

    T15=1, C1/*+18, .

    T155, &.

    T161

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    3*t 0% $ t' +6u41t5 8t/,

    &-%! %$ % %& % % % $ .

    1'+u335 Mu'1//13, B1*1+.

    1/531+044 2+