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Muhammad Abbas bin Ahmad Zaini, PhD CEngCentre of Lipids Engineering & Applied Research (CLEAR)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
This presentation is aimed at sharing some insight on the utilization of oily sludge as g y g
adsorbent for wastewater treatment
“Use waste to treat waste” approach
Why sludge?
Why adsorbent?
P ti f l d d b t Preparation of sludge adsorbents
Characteristics of sludge adsorbents
Adsorption of Rhodamine B
Performance comparisonPerformance comparison
Conclusion
Sludge is a solid residue of wastewater treatment‐ SW204
Incineration and land filling – expensive treatment methods and may result in secondary pollution problems
To search suitable applications of sludge – fertilizer, solid fuel, adsorbent, concrete blend, animal feed, etc.
Some sludge contains pathogens, and phyto‐toxic substances
Different origin, so different characteristics
Adsorption ‐ cheap and effective wastewater treatment strategyAdsorbent – surface chemistry and textural propertiesAbundant potential precursors – sludge, agricultural wastes, etc.Ch i ll t bl Chemically stable
The dried sludge contains 61.8% carbon, 9.7% hydrogen, 0.3% nitrogen 0 1% sulfurnitrogen, 0.1% sulfurParticle size of about 3 mm, dried in furnace at 300°C for 2 h to remove excess oil. The sludge sample was immersed in 5 M HCl solution for 24 h at room temperature.The sludge sample was immersed in 5 M KOH solution and was g p 5dried in oven at 100°C overnight. Then, the impregnated sample was heated in furnace at 600°C for 2 h.
Adsorbent Yield (%) pH Specific surface area (m2/g)
Untreated 86.1 6.7 0.45
HCl-treated 71.2 4.6 1.05
KOH-treated 53.9 8.9 2.08
Similar surface groups of C—H saturated aliphatic (alkane) and C=C aromatic ring.
T t t i HCl i t d Treatment using HCl introduces carbonyl compound (quinone or conjugated ketone) at 1690 cm‐1
A peak in the region of 1200 1400 cm‐A peak in the region of 1200‐1400 cm1 that corresponds to the presence of alcohol group (O—H in‐plane bend).
18KOH
40
9
12
15
rem
oval
(mg/
g)
KOH-treatedHCl-treatedUntreated sludge y = 16.954x
R² = 0.954320
30
rem
ova
l (m
g/g)
Langmuir
Experiment
0
3
6
9
Rhod
amin
e B
r
y = 7.3846xR² = 0.9226
0
10
Rhod
amin
e B
00 20 40 60 80
Equilibrium concentration (mg/L)
00.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Specific surface are (m2/g)
Adsorbent Surface area (m2/g)
Maximum uptake (mg/g)
Treated parthenium biomass - 59.2Modified tannery waste - 250Bagasse pitch activated carbon - 104carbon
Carbonaceous industrial waste - 91.1
Sago waste carbon - 16.2gCarnauba leaves treated with CaCl2
431 40.0
Carnauba leaves treated ith H PO 402 36.0with H3PO4
402 36.0
Macauba leaves treated with H3PO4
371 33.7
Pine nut shell treated with Pine nut shell treated with H3PO4
296 33.1
KOH-treated oil-rich sludge 2.08 14.4
The chemically treated adsorbents demonstrate an yimproved removal performance compared to the untreated one. Th d i f h d i B h li The adsorption of rhodamine B shows a linear correlation to the specific surface area of adsorbent. Adsorption process is recommended for lower Adsorption process is recommended for lower concentration as a higher concentration would inevitably lead to the decrease in removal percentage.