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MUHAMMAD and the
RISE OF
ISLAM
Essential Question:Who was Muhammad and how did Islam unite the Arab people?
Overview of Islam
Around the year 600 CE, a new monotheistic religion called Islam began on the
Arabian peninsula
This new faith was founded by the Prophet Muhammad
His followers, called Muslims, spread Islam
throughout the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Europe
Overview of Islam
By the year 750 CE, Muslim leaders had
built an Islamic Empire
Overview of Islam
The Islamic Empire connected
diverse people through religion
and trade
Muslim scholars focused on learning and developed
numerous cultural achievements that are still
used today
Today, Islam is the world’s fastest growing religion;
it has more than 1 billion followers
throughout the world (second only to Christianity)
Overview of Islam
MAJOR WORLD RELIGIONS
What was Arabia like before Muhammad?
Arabia, the Birthplace of Islam The Arabian Peninsula is a desert
region with little fertile soil or
farming
Most Arabs lived in desert tribes
which were centered around
families and were ruled by
clans
Arabia was not united under a
single government, but Arabs did have
a common language (Arabic)
Most Arabs were polytheistic, having
an Animist-type religion; some
followed Christianity or Judaism
Arabia, the Birthplace of Islam
Arabia, the Birthplace of Islam Arabia was the intersection of three continents (Africa, Asia, and Europe) so it was an important region for trade;
they were also exposed to much cultural diffusion
One of the wealthiest trade cities in Arabia
was Mecca
The Ka’aba (“The Cube”) was a 43 foot high cube structure that held statues of hundreds of gods
Mecca was also a religious city
Arabs made pilgrimages to Mecca
to visit the Ka’aba; violence between the
warring Arab tribes was forbidden within 20 miles of the Ka’aba
This law of non-
violence helped make Mecca an even more valuable trade city (since merchants
could peacefully do business there)
Who was Muhammad?
Early Life of the Prophet Muhammad
Muhammad was born in Mecca in 570 CE; part of a poor clan, he was
orphaned at a young age and raised by his grandparents
Early Life of the Prophet Muhammad
As an adult, Muhammad became
an honest and successful merchant
He married a wealthy widow and
started a family
What happened to Muhammad in 610 CE?
Muhammad and Islam
Muhammad’s work brought him into contact with Jewish and Christian
merchants, so he was exposed to their religions
Muhammad had a vision of the angel Gabriel in 610
CE; he was told by Gabriel that he was a prophet sent
to Earth by God
Muhammad and IslamHe began preaching a new monotheistic religion that worshipped the same God as the God of the Jews and
Christians, but in a different way
This religion Muhammad originated was called Islam, which means “submission to the will of God”
The Monotheistic Religions
As this “family tree” illustrates, the leading
figures of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are distantly related as
descendants of Abraham (the “father”
of the Hebrews)
Basic Ideas of Islam
MUSLIM SYMBOL FOR “ALLAH”
Followers of Islam are called Muslims, which means “one who has
submitted to God”
Muslims believe in the “one true God” (same as Jews and Christians)
and call God “Allah”
Basic Ideas of Islam
Muslims believe that Muhammad was the last of God’s prophets, so his word is final and unchangeable
The words and teachings of Muhammad are recorded in the Qur’an (or Koran), the
sacred book of Islam
How did people in Arabia respond to Muhammad’s new religion?
The HijrahBy the year 613,
Muhammad began preaching his new ideas in
the city of Mecca
Many people were attracted to Islam
However, some people feared Muhammad’s
popularity; they felt that Islam would spread
elsewhere and Mecca would lose its status as the
only holy city in Arabia
The Hijrah
Some Meccans violently attacked Muhammad
and his followers
After several years of attacks, Muhammad and his followers fled
Mecca and went to the city of Medina
This migration of the Muslims to Medina was
called the Hijrah
The Hijrah
In Medina, Muhammad gained many more new converts
These new Muslims put Islam above their families and clans
One thing Muhammad taught Muslims was respect for Jews and Christians (who he called
“People of the Book”)
How did Muhammad react to violenceby non-Muslims in Mecca?
What did Muhammad do after he gained converts and returned to Mecca?
Muhammad’s Return To Mecca
In the year 630, Muhammad
returned to Mecca; he had 10,000
soldiers with him and he conquered
the city
Muhammad’s Return To MeccaHe destroyed all of the statues of gods in the
Ka’aba, leaving only the statue for Allah
This time, the people of Mecca all converted to Islam
Muhammad’s Return To MeccaMuhammad died in the year 632
What happened to Islam after Muhammad’s death?
The Islamic Empire
After Muhammad, the new Muslim leaders created an empire centered on IslamThe Islamic Empire was based in Arabia
and their well-trained soldiers conquered neighboring regions
The Islamic Empire
The massive empire they conquered led to great wealth for
Muslims and opportunities to
spread Islam
MuhammadJesus
Moses
Compare the roles of Jesus, Moses, and Muhammad in the development of the 3 major monotheistic religions:
Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.Match the terms from the word bank with the
appropriate prophet.