ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ3103

1.0 AcknowledgementFirstly, I want to thank to God for giving me opportunity to complete this course work and giving me health and strength.Secondly, I would like to thank my lecturer Mr Joseph Yabai For this guidance and support while finishing this course work. If I have any problems to do this coursework, he is always there to guide me and my classmate.Finally, I would like to thank my friends for the collaborations and supports given in order to finish this course work. I very much appreciate the help you all.

2.0 IntroductionThe objectives for the coursework are to develop comprehension and grammar skill. Besides that, we can learn to develop our story-telling skill, increase their confidence and ability to identify the characteristics of good story teller. And lastly, we raise awareness on the importance of English for communication and upgrade their personal language competence and performance in English.The benefit that we get from the course work is we can develop comprehension and grammar skills. We learn to be are good story-teller with correct pronunciation, enunciation, stress and intonation when we read are story book and we deliver the story with confidence and correct structures. Another benefit is we will equip with knowledge of the grammatical system of English.

3.0 StressWe change the direction, pressure, and volume of air in our vocal tracts to make letter and word sounds. Stress is the amount of energy or effort that we use to make these changes. American English is a stress language. More stress, or more energy, is used to pronounce words that are more important in a sentence and degrees of stress is Primary stress, Secondary stress, Tertiary stress and Quaternary stress. The stressed syllable may sound longer, higher or stronger than the other syllables in the word. A stress refers to the strength of the syllable or word pronounced one or several syllables may be found in a word. Words with more than one syllable will have a syllable stress. Using the correct stress is important in being understood correctly, especially when words can have similar spellings but different meanings.

4.0 Pronunciation Many teachers, especially if they are new to teaching ESL classes, may be a little intimated by the prospect of teaching English pronunciation. But, just like almost everything else, if the process is broken down into small manageable steps, the task is not all that daunting. This site is an attempt to do just that- to break the process of teaching pronunciation down into smaller steps and show teachers how to teach English pronunciation. Good english pronunucation mean that good prououncation is not "perfect American or British accent4.1.1 How to learn English PronunciationStudy the sounds of English and their IPA symbols. Learn to recognize all the sounds with listen and notice the sounds. Learn about phonetic transcription and word stress. We can practice pronouncing English words and phrases from time to time. Beside that we can choose the pronunciation model like American or British. Consider learning the pronunciations of the most common English words in systematic way and get in the habit of checking the pronunciations of words in a dictionary.4.1.2 Common Pronunciation IssuesStress and intonation-Putting the right emphasis on the right part of the world.Defending on the Students -Original language the following can also be issueConsonant blends.-Depend on student mother tongueAdding or removing sounds- Sounds slip into words5.0 RhythmHave you ever tapped your foot when listening to music? You tap your foot to the rhythm or beat of the musical sounds. Sometimes the rhythm of the music is fast and sometimes it is slow. Spoken language also has rhythm. The rhythm of spoken words and sentences change as the amount of energy used to pronounce them changes.6.0 Types of stressSyllable stress in words. Word stress in sentences, most stress in English is content words nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and pronouns (demonstrative, possessive, reflexive, and interrogative).6.1.1 Techniques And Tools In Teaching Word RhythmStress production introduce the characteristics of stressed and understand syllables in English clap hands, tap on the desk or play simple rhythm instruments to emphasize loudness of a stressed syllable use rubber bands as a visual image for length variation in syllables use kazoos humming, or hard gestures to indicate pitch change play a stress matching game use back chaining to practice stress patterns of long wordsWord stress pattern building use visual effects on the black board or flash cards predict stress in words practice viewing stress to aider meaning7.0 IntonationWe change the pitch, or music, of our voice, to put emotion and meaning into our words and sentences. The intonation or pitch of our voice can go up or down or stay flat. Often, we change the intonation of our voice before (intonation goes up) and after (Intonation goes down) we pronounce stressed words. More pronunciation energy is used when intonation is going up a less is used when intonation is going down. Understanding intonation and street in speech Pitch; Lowness or highness voice. Tone; Convey happiness, sadness, anger. Intonation; Person voice fall and raises. Word stress; Shape of a spoken word.

8.0 Elements of Good Storytelling1. A central premise.2. Strong three-dimensional characters that change over time.3. A confined space -- often referred to as a crucible.4. A protagonist who is on some sort of quest.5. An antagonist of some sort bent on stopping the hero.6. An arch in everything -- everything is getting better or worse.7. And perhaps most important -- Conflict.1. PREMISEA premise is the point of the story, like characters have their own premises as well for example, a hard-worker who suddenly slacks off for no reason, or a truth-teller who tells a lie and feel immediately that something is wrong, since we no longer are able to match their actions with the stories they have been telling us about themselves. We can tell that a story has a clean premise when it is easy to say what the story is about in just a few sentences. 2. CHARACTERAfter the premise has been nailed down, the story design process moves to developing strong, engaging, and believable characters who we will come to care about, root for, despise, or even hate.We first see the story as characters that show up and do things. If we do not care one way or the other about the people in the story, we will certainly fail to care about anything that's happening to them -- or in the case of computer gaming, the player will have no desire to continue the game.3. CRUCIBLEThe premise answers the question of what the story is all about. The crucible answers the question of why it is happening with these particular characters.For a story to have achance at making a point, it has to eliminate all extraneous details, focus on one overall setting and on one group of characters who have a good reason for being there. It is very difficult to induce a believable feeling of reality if the wrong people show up, or if the setting is out of place. Why is the story happening here? Why are these characters here? Why do they stay? And what is so special about this time, this place, and the events that seem to be happening?4. PROTAGONISTThe role of the protagonist is to carry the audience through the story -- which is why this is the most important character. The protagonist sees more clearly, understands sooner, makes the good guesses more often, and takes the right path when everyone else says he's crazy. Traditionally, this is the main "good guy" character -- but not always "good" in a conventional way. In fact, we may not even find him to be very likable at all, such as Harrison Ford's character in Blade Runner who is dark and brooding while on the case, but we root for him anyway because if nothing else he is the most likable person in the film -- given the other characters.5. ANTAGONISTThe main role of the antagonist is to stand in the way of the hero. The story can not end until the protagonist defeats this guy or what he represents in some fitting way. Unfortunately, this character is often under-created, and so the desire to see him or her fail is poorly induced. Can fully non-human "bad guys" give us a believable reason for why they would want to defeat the hero? Not usually. But this is not to say that the antagonists has to look human. It can be a computer programmed with a replication of human personality. It can be a god who is half human. It can be a dark force with human characteristics taken from the mind of a very evil human. So long as the antagonist has human evil, or human pride, or corrupted ego, or the need for power, then the hero is up against something the audience can understand. Otherwise there is no way to figure out why the antagonist would want to stop the hero.

6. ARCHESFor a story to feel satisfying to the audience, everything and everyone must change from "pole to pole" -- as they say in the biz. If the protagonist starts out clean-cut and snooty, then he must end up grubby and humble. If he starts as a drunk, then he must end the story sober. If he is angry in the beginning, he must wind up a Mr. Nice Guy. If he is physically strong at first, then in the end he must be beaten up and hardly able to walk. Nothing tells a story more clearly than change. Not a single element should be allowed to stay the same as the story develops. The weather must get colder or rainier or darker. The sound must get louder or softer or more sinister. The phases of moon must change. The snow gets deeper. The plans of the antagonist must become more evil. The protagonist must face ever harder challenges.

7. CONFLICTThere is no satisfaction in a story where someone says what is on their mind for no reason at all. But during an argument or a fight people will say just about anything -- including huge lies, the naked truth, and a whole lot of other things they might not like other people to think about or remember. If you need to have a character say something important, first make sure that he or she is angry or upset in some way. That is when characters let things slip out in the most believable way.

9.0 Characteristics Of Good Story Teller

Good Story Teller

Telling the story from memoryFacial expressionGesturesBelief in the storyPace and timing - Using spaceConfidence

Empathy with the audience

Eye contact and spread of attentionVocal expression

10.0 Short Story TellingThe Ugly DucklingOnce upon a time . . . down on an old farm, lived a duck family, and Mother Duck had been sitting on a clutch of new eggs. One nice morning, the eggs hatched and out popped six chirpy ducklings. But one egg was bigger than the rest, and it didn't hatch. Mother Duck couldn't recall laying that seventh egg. How did it get there? TOCK! TOCK! The little prisoner was pecking inside his shell."Did I count the eggs wrongly?" Mother Duck wondered. But before she had time to think about it, the last egg finally hatched. A strange looking duckling with grey feathers that should have been yellow gazed at a worried mother. The ducklings grew quickly, but Mother Duck had a secret worry."I can't understand how this ugly duckling can be one of mine!" she said to herself, shaking her head as she looked at her lastborn. Well, the grey duckling certainly wasn't pretty, and since he ate far more than his brothers, he was outgrowing them. As the days went by, the poor ugly duckling became more and more unhappy. His brothers didn't want to play with him, he was so clumsy, and all the farmyard folks simply laughed at him. He felt sad and lonely, while Mother Duck did her best to console him."Poor little ugly duckling!" she would say. "Why are you so different from the others?" And the ugly duckling felt worse than ever. He secretly wept at night. He felt nobody wanted him."Nobody loves me, they all tease me! Why am I different from my brothers?"Then one day, at sunrise, he ran away from the farmyard. He stopped at a pond and began to question all the other birds. "Do you know of any ducklings with grey feathers like mine?" But everyone shook their heads in scorn."We don't know anyone as ugly as you." The ugly duckling did not lose heart, however, and kept on making enquiries. He went to another pond, where a pair of large geese gave him the same answer to his question. What's more, they warned him: "Don't stay here! Go away! It's dangerous. There are men with guns around here!" The duckling was sorry he had ever left the farmyard.Then one day, his travels took him near an old countrywoman's cottage. Thinking he was a stray goose, she caught him."I'll put this in a hutch. I hope it's a female and lays plenty of eggs!" said the old woman, whose eyesight was poor. But the ugly duckling laid not a single egg. The hen kept frightening him:"Just wait! If you don't lay eggs, the old woman will wring your neck and pop you into the pot!" And the cat chipped in: "Hee! Hee! I hope the woman cooks you, then I can gnaw at your bones!" The poor ugly duckling was so scared that he lost his appetite, though the old woman kept stuffing him with food and grumbling: "If you won't lay eggs, at least hurry up and get plump!""Oh, dear me!" moaned the now terrified duckling. "I'll die of fright first! And I did so hope someone would love me!"Then one night, finding the hutch door ajar, he escaped. Once again he was all alone. He fled as far away as he could, and at dawn, he found himself in a thick bed of reeds. "If nobody wants me, I'll hid here forever." There was plenty a food, and the duckling began to feel a little happier, though he was lonely. One day at sunrise, he saw a flight of beautiful birds wing overhead. White, with long slender necks, yellow beaks and large wings, they were migrating south."If only I could look like them, just for a day!" said the duckling, admiringly. Winter came and the water in the reed bed froze. The poor duckling left home to seek food in the snow. He dropped exhausted to the ground, but a farmer found him and put him in his big jacket pocket."I'll take him home to my children. They'll look after him. Poor thing, he's frozen!" The duckling was showered with kindly care at the farmer's house. In this way, the ugly duckling was able to survive the bitterly cold winter.However, by springtime, he had grown so big that the farmer decided: "I'll set him free by the pond!" That was when the duckling saw himself mirrored in the water."Goodness! How I've changed! I hardly recognize myself!" The flight of swans winged north again and glided on to the pond. When the duckling saw them, he realized he was one of their kind, and soon made friends.

"We're swans like you!" they said, warmly. "Where have you been hiding?""It's a long story," replied the young swan, still astounded. Now, he swam majestically with his fellow swans. One day, he heard children on the river bank exclaim: "Look at that young swan! He's the finest of them all!"And he almost burst with happiness.

ReflectionThanks to Allah for the blessings, I have completed this task right on the due date. When completing this task, I have seen many problems and advantages that I have experienced. I like to thank my to all my friends for giving me corporation and with that I can success finish this coursework. My gratitude also goes to our lecturer, Sir Joseph Yabai for his guidance and supportive its also helping me a lot to do this job. It does as well can make me more knowledgeable on this subject. Among the problem that I have experienced during the completion of this task is that i cant understand many of the English word, it makes me feel difficult to do this coursework when I cant understand a lot of English language as well as to do some research and also to find the work material, but, thanks to all that help me to understand what the coursework needed. I also have the problem with one after another-override assignments from other subjects also want to be submitted before this coursework due. Its make I feel a little bit pressure, but I have solved this problem with make a schedule on doing all the coursework. Among of the problem, there is also the value and benefits that i get from this assignment. The benefits that I got in this assignment are how to do the coursework, how to find a material of features of Spoken English and I have learnt so many things especially when I do short note and the graphic organizer. My friends share the materials to me. Its very hard but I have done my job well with the collaboration with all my class members.Above all, I also have to do the speech task. This is also hard to me but, with the help from my friends. I have done it well. Finally, with the completion of this course work, its give me a new dimension on this subject and hopefully, a good knowledge of this coursework will be a useful when I was stationed at the school soon.

BibliographyNo director. pronunciation, intonation & expression. Surfed on 7 September 2012. from http://www.learnenglishNoor Azlina Yunus (1997), The New Malaysian Learners, Shah Alam: Penerbit Fajar Bakti.No director. learning-centre/Documents/factsheets/good.pdf. Surfed on 9 September 2012. from http://www.swgc.mun.caNo director.Articles rhythm. Surfed on 9 September 2012.From http://www. Teaching English.orgNo director. Content &view article & id. Surfed on 3 September 2012 from http:// www.pronouncepro.com

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