7/24/2019 Multi Sig

1/22

Over the past month we have seen a large number of Bitcoin services

dramatically fall over into the abyss. Silk Road 2, the intended successor to the

Silk Roadanonymous marketplace that was shut downin October last year, lost

$2. million worth of B!" consisting of all of its users# account balances and is

struggling to gure out how and if it will ever be able to relaunch. %t&o', oncethe world#s largest Bitcoin e'change with over ()* market share, stopped

processing withdrawalsearly in +ebruary and has since shut down entirely,

admitting to having lost a staggering ),))) B!". +le'coin, an old -bitcoin

Bank, shut down after having lost ()) bitcoins, and a site called /olonie' gave

its users a "yprus0style haircut after nding out that it was short around B!"

Some people, initially including myself, are seeing this as a -changing of the

guard moment for the Bitcoin community, where it was amateur and badly

managed services that were at fault for their own thefts and professionals

would soon come in and take over. 1f this was a mere one or two thefts, then

this would indeed be a reasonable, and fully satisfactory, e'planation. 1n

reality, however, Bitcoin usersand servicesare losing substantial sums of

bitcoin every week, and without chargeback0like consumer protections there

are several high0prole stories of companies particularly in the mining industry

taking users# bitcoins and only delivering a low0uality product several months

too late, if at all. &iven the sheer number of these cases, and the sheerdi3culty that even highlycompetentindividualsface trying to securetheir

funds, a large portion of the intelligentsia, and the press, is willing to pronounce

Bitcoin 4.) dead.

5s it should be6 Bitcoin 4.) has been around for ve years and given what we

know now is already very much an outdated technology. Rather, now is the

time for Bitcoin 4. to shine.

7nter %ultisig

So what is Bitcoin 4.), and what is this Bitcoin 4. that 1 am so boldly claiming

will come to replace it8 1n short, Bitcoin 4.) can be described as a simple send0

receive system. 1n a Bitcoin account, there is a set of 9:0character Bitcoin

addresses, like4;wSSubhmg??@bAg9fy4!, that you can use to

receive bitcoins, and each address has an associated

7/24/2019 Multi Sig

2/22

a, that can be used to spend bitcoins that are sent to the address. /rivate keys

need to be kept safe and only accessed when you want to sign a transaction,

and Bitcoin addresses can be freely handed out to the world. 5nd that#s how

Bitcoin wallets are secured. 1f you can keep the single private key safe,

everything#s ne6 if you lose it the funds are gone, and if someone else gainsaccess to it your funds are gone too D essentially, the e'act same security

model that we have with physical cash, e'cept a thousand times more slippery.

!he technology that 1 am calling Bitcoin 4. is a concept that was rst

pioneered and formaliEed into the standard Bitcoin protocol in 2)44 and 2)42F

multisignature transactions. 1n a traditional Bitcoin account, as described

above, you have Bitcoin addresses, where each address has one associated

private key that grants the keyholder full control over the funds. Gith

multisignature addresses, you can have a Bitcoin address with three associated

private keys, such that you need any two of them to spend the funds.

!heoretically, you can have one0of0three, ve0of0ve, or si'0of0eleven addresses

too6 it =ust happens that two0of0three is the most useful combination.

"hoose ?our Own 5rbitrator

So how can multisig be used in practice8 !he rst ma=or use case of theprotocol is consumer protection. Ghen you make a payment with a credit card,

if later on you do not get the product that you paid for you can reuest a

-chargeback. !he merchant can either accept the chargeback, sending the

funds back Hthis is what happens by defaultI, or contest it, starting an

arbitration process where the credit card company determines whether you or

the merchant have the better case. Gith Bitcoin Hor rather, Bitcoin 4.)I,

transactions are nal. 5s soon as you pay for a product, your funds are gone.

5nd in Bitcoin 4.), we saw this as a good thing6 although it harms consumers to

not have chargebacks, we would argue, it helps merchants more, and in the

long term this would lead to merchants lowering their prices and benetting

everyone. 1n some industries, this argument is very correct6 in others, however,

it#s not. 5nd in Bitcoin 4. we recogniEe that, instead providing a real solution

to the problemF escrow.

%ultisignature escrow works as follows. Ghen 5lice wants to send $2) to Bob ine'change for a product, 5lice rst picks a mutually trusted arbitrator, whom

we#ll call %artin, and sends the $2) to a multisig between 5lice, %artin and

https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Contracts#Theoryhttps://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Contracts#Theory

7/24/2019 Multi Sig

3/22

Bob. Bob sees that the payment was made, and conrms the order and ships

the product. Ghen 5lice receives the product, 5lice naliEes the transaction by

creating a transaction sending the $2) from the multisig to Bob, signing it, and

passing it to Bob. Bob then signs the transcation, and publishes it with the

reuired two signatures. 5lternatively, Bob might choose not to send theproduct, in which case he creates and signs a refund transaction sending $2)

to 5lice, and sends it to 5lice so that 5lice can sign and publish it. Jow, what

happens if Bob claims to have sent the product and 5lice refuses to release the

funds8 !hen, either 5lice or Bob contact %artin, and %artin decides whether

5lice or Bob has the better case. Ghichever party %artin decides in favor of, he

produces a transaction sending $4 to himself and $4( to them Hor some other

percentage feeI, and sends it to that party to provide the second signature and

publish in order to receive the funds.

"urrently, the site pioneering this type of approach bitrated.com6 the interface

at Bitrated is intuitive enough for manual transactions such as contracts and

employment agreements, but it is far from ideal for consumer to merchant

payments. 1deally, marketplaces and payment processors like Bit/ay would

integrate multisig technology directly into their payment platform, and Bitcoin

wallets would include an easy interface for naliEing transactions6 if donecorrectly, the e'perience can be e'actly as seamless as Bitpay or /aypal are

today.

So all in all, given that this multisig approach does reuire intermediaries who

will charge fees, how is it better than /aypal8 +irst of all, it#s voluntary. 1n

certain circumstances, such as when you are buying from a large reputable

corporation or when you#re sending money to an employee or contractor you

have an established relationship with and trust, intermediaries are

unnecessary6 plain old 5 to B sends work =ust ne. Sending to charities is a

similar circumstance, because charities don#t really owe you anything when

you send them money in any case. Second, the system is modular. Sometimes,

the ideal arbitrator for a particular transaction is a specialiEed entity that can

do that particular =ob much better6 for e'ample, if you#re seling virtual goods

the ideal arbitrator would be the operator of the platform the virtual goods are

on, since they can very uickly determine whether a given virtual good has

been sent. 5t other times, you might want a generic arbitrator, but you#re in an

industry where mainstream providers are too sueamishto handle the task.

5nd, of course, at other times a generic /aypal0like institution is indeed the

http://bitcoinmagazine.com/8834/bitrated-you-can-no-longer-say-bitcoin-has-no-consumer-protection/http://www.digitaltrends.com/web/guns-drugs-and-timeshares-14-things-paypal-wont-let-you-buy/#!zd37Whttp://bitcoinmagazine.com/8834/bitrated-you-can-no-longer-say-bitcoin-has-no-consumer-protection/http://www.digitaltrends.com/web/guns-drugs-and-timeshares-14-things-paypal-wont-let-you-buy/#!zd37W

7/24/2019 Multi Sig

4/22

best approach. Gith multisig, you can easily choose a diKerent arbitrator with

every single transaction, and you only pay when you actually use arbitration6

transactions that go through as planned are )* fee.

Solving the Bank /roblem

5lthough multisignature escrow is a very interesting application in its own right,

there is another, much larger issue that multisignature transactions can solve,

and one that has been responsible for perhaps the largest share of Bitcoin#s

negative associations in the media, dwarng even Silk Road, in the last three

years. !hat issue is the concern of security and trust.

One of the larger philosophical divides throughout the course of human history

has been one between two diKerent methods of achieving security. One of

these is individualismF every person having the power, and responsibility, to

directly protect themselves and their families by putting the ultimate, base0

level tools for doing so directly under their control. !he other is delegationF

trusting centraliEed authorities with high levels of resources and e'pertise to

manage security for everyone. 1n the >nited States, this is the dichotomy

between every family keeping a gun in their cupboard and not having anycivilian0owner guns at all and letting the police do the work. 1n "yprus, it#s the

uestion of whether to store one#s money under one#s mattress or in the bank.

1n every case, both sides of the debate have their merits and both sides have

their faults.

5nd the same situation is true with Bitcoin. Some people, faced with the large

number of e'changes getting hacked, see technologies like paper wallets,

oLine laptops and brainwallets with prepended usernames and twenty0

character passwords as the solution6 essentially, a return to the tried0and0

tested best practices for storing gold in the twentieth century, plus a bit more

comple' technical magic built in. Others, however, see the sheer di3culty that

even technically skilled individuals face properly securing their funds, and see

better centraliEed services, like "oinbase, as the solution. 1n the case of

physical security, either the wholesale victory of one strategy or some crude

linear combination of the two D centraliEed storage of ()* of one#s cash andlocal storage of 4)*, or keeping a gun but having it locked up in a safe in the

basement, are the only possibilities. 5nd in the case of Bitcoin 4.) e'actly the

http://bitcoinmagazine.com/6728/introducing-the-exchanges-coinbase-part-1/http://bitcoinmagazine.com/6728/introducing-the-exchanges-coinbase-part-1/

7/24/2019 Multi Sig

5/22

same holds true as well. 1n the case of Bitcoin 4., however, we are dealing

with a world of factum lawand decentraliEed technology, so we can be much

more clever with how we combine two approaches D arguably, in fact, it is

possible to get the best of both worlds.

eading the "harge

!he company that is currently taking the lead on bringing Bitcoin 4.

technology to the world at large is "rypto"orp, created by !radehill co0founder

Ryan Singer. "rypto"orp#s core oKering is something that a large number of

people, including myself, have been trying to implement and push forward for

nearly a yearF multisignature transaction wallets. !he way that a multisignature

wallet works is simple. 1nstead of the Bitcoin address having one private key, it

has three. One private key is stored semi0securely, =ust as in a traditional

Bitcoin wallet. !he second key the user is instructed to store safely Heg. in a

safety deposit bo'I, and the third key is stored on the server.

Jormally, when you want to spend your funds, your wallet would make a

transaction and sign it locally, and then it would pass the transaction on to the

server. 1n the simplest implementation, the server would then reuire you to

input a code from the &oogle 5uthenticator app on your smartphone in order toprovide a second verication that it is indeed you who wants to send the funds,

and upon successful verication it would then sign the transaction and

broadcast the transaction with two signatures to the network.

Ghat "rypto"orp is doing is taking this basic idea, and applying two ma=or

improvements. +irst of all, "rypto"orp is introducing a technology that it calls

-hierarchical deterministic multisignature H@M%I wallets6 that is, instead of

having three private keys, there are three deterministic walletsHessentially,

seeds from which a potentially innite number of private keys can be

generatedI. 5ddress ) of the @M% wallet is made by combining public key )

from the rst seed, public key ) from the second seed and public key ) from

the third seed, and so on for addresses 4, 2, etc. !his allows the "rypto"orp

wallets to have multiple addresses for privacy =ust like Bitcoin wallets can, and

the multisignature signing can still be performed =ust as before

Second, and more importantly, "rypto"orp is doing much more than =ust doingtwo0factor authentication. 7very time the "rypto"orp server receives a

transaction to co0sign, it will run the transaction through a comple' machine0

http://bitcoinmagazine.com/10468/daos-scary-part-1-self-enforcing-contracts-factum-law/https://cryptocorp.co/http://github.com/vbuterin/2fawallethttp://bitcoinmagazine.com/8396/deterministic-wallets-advantages-flaw/http://bitcoinmagazine.com/10468/daos-scary-part-1-self-enforcing-contracts-factum-law/https://cryptocorp.co/http://github.com/vbuterin/2fawallethttp://bitcoinmagazine.com/8396/deterministic-wallets-advantages-flaw/

7/24/2019 Multi Sig

6/22

learning fraud0detection model taking into account the amount, the freuency

and amount of prior transactions and the identity of the recipient, and will

assign the transaction a risk score. 1f the risk score is low, the server will simply

co0sign the transaction without asking. 1f the risk score is higher, the server can

ask for a standard two0factor conrmation via &oogle 5uthenticator or bysending a code as a te't message to the user#s phone number. 7mail

conrmation is another option. 5t very high risk levels, the server would Nag

the transaction for manual review, and an agent may even make a phone call

or reuire ?"0style verication.

Ghat is important to note is that none of this is new6 such risk metric schemes

have been in use by mainstream banks and nancial institutions for over a

decade, and they have e'isted in low0tech form in the form of withdrawal limits

for over a century. 5ll that "rypto"orp does is marry these benets of the

traditional nancial system with the e3ciency, and trust0free nature, of Bitcoin

D even if "rypto"orp denies your transaction you can still process it yourself by

getting your second key from your safety deposit bo', and if "rypto"orp tries

to seiEe your funds they would not be able to, since they only have one key.

!he +uture of "ryptocurrency

So what will the Bitcoin world of 2)4 look like8 +irst of all, if either "rypto"orp

proceeds according to plan or "rypto"orp fails and some competitor decides to

take charge, nearly every address will start with a P9#. !he uestion of -where

do you store your funds8 will be dead6 instead, the uestion will beF -what are

the withdrawal conditions of this account, and what is the policy of each key8.

"onsumer wallets will all be 20of09 multisig, sharing the keys between either a

low0security local0storage key, a high0security key in a safety deposit bo' and a

central provider, or two central providers and a low0security key. !he way

"rypto"orp is designed is as a highly modular -verication oracle service that

anyone can plug in. 1f a user wants to make their wallet have "rypto"orp as

one of the keyholders, they will be able to. 1f a company wants to have

"rypto"orp, and a similar competitor, serve as two of their ve treasurers, they

will be able to6 the underlying math is e'actly the same.

1n the long term, the multisig story gets even more interesting once

7/24/2019 Multi Sig

7/22

cryptocurrency 2.) technologies go into full tilt. Je't0generation smart contract

platforms allow users to set arbitrary withdrawal conditions on accounts6 for

e'ample, one can have an account with the rule that one out of a given ve

parties can withdraw up to 4* per day, and three out of ve parties can

withdraw anything. One can make a will by setting up a account so that one#sson can withdraw any amount, but with a si'0month delay where the account

owner can claw the funds back if they are still alive. 1n these cases,

"rypto"orp0style oracles will play an even larger role in the cryptocurrency

world, and may even fuse together with private arbitration companies6 whether

it#s a consumer0merchant dispute, an employment contract or protecting a user

from the theft of his own keys, it#s ultimately all a matter of using algorithmic

and human =udgement to decide whether or not to sign a multisig transaction.

5s we sit here today on the other end of what may well come to be known as

the -great crisis of %t&o', the merger of cryptography and nance is only =ust

beginning.

1f you want to play around with the multisig technology yourself, feel free to

either check out "rypto"orpor use one of my own toolsF

Bitwasp D Jow OKering Built inmulti0signature !ransactionsQ/OS!7M B?FM77/MO!G7B5/R1 :, 2)4: 1J+75!>R7M,J7GS >/M5!7S 757 5 "O%%7J!

Object 1

Object 2

Object 3

are

Object 4

+ollowing our recent interviewwith the founder and developer of the Bitwasp

software, we were =ust told that the new version is now released and is oKering

built in multisig transactions, this is pretty good news as we know this software

is being used from time to time for marketplaces and had some history of

getting hacked with all the bitcoins stolen D so with this new multisig feature

we could at least not worry about this part, this is a repost of the

announcement from the bitwasp forum the guide for using multisig

transactions, you can nd the original thread hereF httpFTTbit0

http://cryptocorp.co/http://www.deepdotweb.com/author/admin/http://www.deepdotweb.com/category/deepdot-news/http://www.deepdotweb.com/category/news-updates/http://www.deepdotweb.com/2014/04/04/bitwasp-now-offering-built-in-multi-signature-transactions/#respondhttp://www.deepdotweb.com/2014/03/25/interview-with-bitwasp-founder-developer/http://cryptocorp.co/http://www.deepdotweb.com/author/admin/http://www.deepdotweb.com/category/deepdot-news/http://www.deepdotweb.com/category/news-updates/http://www.deepdotweb.com/2014/04/04/bitwasp-now-offering-built-in-multi-signature-transactions/#respondhttp://www.deepdotweb.com/2014/03/25/interview-with-bitwasp-founder-developer/

7/24/2019 Multi Sig

8/22

wasp.orgTinde'.phpTtopic,24.).html

H!he &uide is after the announcement I

UUUStart VuoteUUU

+olks, it#s time at last. 5nnouncing Bitwasp, the marketplace that stores no user

funds.

1#ve spent a lot of my recent time working on this code in the background, not

posting to &ithub. !here wasn#t much 1 could say, since rebuilding the pro=ect

was a huge undertaking, it didn#t =ustify posting incremental, broken commits

to &ithub. 1t needed to be fairly well tested, and 1#ve had to work on things like

O/W"@7"S1& functionality, rewriting the system so it used a scraper rather

than relying in incoming wallet transactions, and refactoring the order system.

Since most of you are familiar with the live0wallet version, 1#ll describe what#s

newF

4. Jo more PBitcoin# link on the navigation panel.

2. 1nstead of giving funds a regular address to pay to, which enables all sorts of

scams, and can lead to theft, multisignature transactions are now standard,

for up0front payment or escrow.HXXXI

9. 5dministrators must enter an electrum master public keyHXI to derive

addresses for registration fee payment#s, and keys for multisig addresses.

et me =ust say now that this is what attackers will be trying to change.

Secure your admin account with 2+5.

:. endors can enter a list of public keysHXXI in advance of accepting orders, or

will be prompted to enter keys if they have none available when creating an

order.

. Buyers must enter public keys on a per0order basisHXXI.

6. !he order process in the old version pretty much =ust moved around magic

numbers Huser balancesI in a database to grant entitlement to coins on thewallet. Jow, once funds leave a multisig address, they pay directly to the

7/24/2019 Multi Sig

9/22

users key that was used to create the address.

7. >sers need to sign multisignature transactions. 1#ll e'plain in detail belowY

X 1t isn#t my intention to force people to use a particular client, however

electrum is the only deterministic key derivation algorithm that sees

mainstream use. HXXI

XX D +orcing users to enter a list of keys, or individually, or solely from an %/,

sucks. @owever, this is an acceptable solution until clients adopt B1/92, which

will be the case for the ne't version of electrum, and eventually all the others

as well.

XXX D Since vendorsTbuyers can go missing during an order, 2 of 9

multisignature addresses are used for escrow and up0front payments, so funds

are recoverable.

1 will post the code onto github shortly once 1 nish a few small bits, and get it

presentable.

/ushing code to github does JO! mean it is a tested, vetted, and denitely

working version D the software really needs to be reevaluated now, since 1#ve

recoded a vast amount of it.

So, whats multisig8

%ultisignature addresses are addresses controlled by more than one person.

!hey are created with a set of reuirements, that dictate how the funds in the

address can be moved.

20of09 signature addresses are =ointly controlled by 9 people, say the site

operator, the buyer, and the seller, but funds can only be moved if two people

authoriEe and sign a transaction.

>sers will be e'pected to sign transactions for themselves. Ghile client#s leave

much to be desired regarding support for multisignature transactions, 1 believe

the best way to increase their adoption is to bring them into day0to0day life,

and watch the situation improve from there.

"urrently, the only unmodied client which supports signing multisignature

transactions is Bitcoin "ore. Otherwise, users can use an oLine copy

7/24/2019 Multi Sig

10/22

ofhttpsFTTcoinb.inTmultisigto sign in their browser.

1t sucks that Bitcoin "ore is the only client that lets us do this. 1#m very much

looking forward to a light client that supports it out of the bo'.

!raining users to use multisig

%ultisig can seem complicated, but 1#ve done what 1 can to make the process

as smooth as practicality and security allows me to.

1 have decided against allowing buyers to click to sign with the 5dministrators

key. !he reason for this, is that it undermines the assurances that come with

multisig. Buyers will be e'pected to sign

"ompleting an order doesn#t reuire many complicated steps at once, but

rather it is a gradual process where users are guided doing the transaction. 1f

users have any e'perience with an electrum oLine wallet, the process is very

similar D !ake unsigned transaction, sign, broadcast. 1 will create a document

later which outlines the process using Bitcoin "ore.

Order processF

Step )F Buyer choses their items, as normal. Ghen they#re ready, they enter a

public key, and their address, and conrm their order.

Step 4F endor has a new order, must decide if it#s escrow, or up0front, based

on ratings. !he vendor has probably entered public keys in advance, but will be

prompted to do so if not.

Step 2F 5waiting /aymentF Once the order is accepted by the vendor, and the

terms are selected Hup0front or escrowI, the multisig address will be created,

and available to all users. 5 redeemScript is given, allowing users to verify thatthe address is one they have control over Hcontains their public keyI. !he buyer

needs to pay to the address to continue.

Once Bitwasp has seen enough incoming transactions to this address to cover

the order, it will progress the order to the ne't step, which is signing. +irst, both

users need to import the address to their wallet. 5 copyTpaste command is

shown to help them with that.

Step 9F >p0front order#s only D await buyer signature. 1f the order is up0front,

then the buyer signs the unsigned transaction. !hey paste the partially

https://coinb.in/multisighttps://coinb.in/multisig

7/24/2019 Multi Sig

11/22

signedtransaction onto the order page and submit, where it will be veried, and

the order progressed to step :.

1f the order is escrow, then the process skips this step, and the vendor

signsTdispatches rst.

Step :F Gaiting for endor to deliver goods. !he vendor signs to indicate they

have dispatched.

1f the order is up0front, then the vendor will now sign, and broadcast the

transaction. Once Bitwasp see#s this transaction in the blockchain, then the

order is moved to step .

1f the order is escrow, the vendor will add the rst signature to the transaction,

and paste the partially signed transaction onto the order page.

Step F Order has been dispatched. 5wait buyer to sign Z broadcast H7scrowI,

or click Received H>p0frontI.

1f it#s up0front, the buyer simply clicks the PReceived# button, and the order is

completed Hstep I. Otherwise, the buyer can raise a dispute.

1f it#s escrow, when the goods arrive the buyer signs Z broadcasts the

transaction paying the vendor, the order is marked as completed Hstep I.

Otherwise, the buyer or vendor can raise a dispute.

Step

7/24/2019 Multi Sig

12/22

5 vendor will leave feedback for the buyer.

1f the order was disputed, this will mark each review on the page as Misputed,

allowing users to read what happened.

eaving +eedbackF

endors can rate buyers on ualities like "ooperation and "ommunication,

from 40. 1 want feedback on the community on this, and what people should

be ratingQ

Buyers can rate vendors on ualities like Shipping, and "ommunication, from 40

. !hey also rate the items on an order, on ualitiesF 1tem Vuality, and if it

%atches Mescription. 5gain, 1 need feedback here.

Ghen buyers leave feedback for an order with more than one item, they can

choose to rate all the items with the same score, and comments, or else ll in

ratingsTcomments individually.

5ll users can leave comments about the vendorTbuyerTitem. !hese can be from

a list of prepared statements Hto mask people#s writing stylesI, or else a

bespoke comment can be written. 5lso, feedback takes on average 42 hours to

show up D 5ll feedback will have a timestamp of 42pm the following day, so

they appear in a batch.

!odoF

1 need to write up an article describing the commands to actually import, sign,

and broadcast the transaction.

!ransactions are created by the bitwasp software, so mostly its a case of

pasting the unsignedTpartially signed transaction into the bitcoin console,taking the output, and pasting to the siteTbroadcasting it.

1 need to work out the best solution for admins. eys are generated using an

electrum mpk, but electrum can#t sign transactions it produces.. 1 think admins

will likely need to run Bitcoin "ore on their own computer, dump the private

key from electrum, import to Bitcoin "ore, and then sign. Otherwise, they can

use coinb.in.

Once this gets adeuate testing, things will be looking good. !he code will start

to become mature, and 1 can mop up the outstanding issues posted on the

7/24/2019 Multi Sig

13/22

forum.

1 want to try and remove Bitwasps dependency on BitcoinM. !here#s nothing 1

can do about the clients users use to sign, however 1 hope to nd a way that

allow it to run oK an 5/1, if that#s what people want.

Ghat 1 really need now is for developers to set up a copy, test it on the testnet,

and work with me to nish the software, and take it to the ne't level. ?ou all

know it#s =ust me working on the code, but this pro=ect will only reach it#s true

potential with help from the community. 1t#s got to be more give and take, so

1#d ask if you#re considering to use Bitwasp, that you actively participate in it#s

development, or donate to us hereF

4(7kM!5a&GySAv4VsG'yGw?%Apo=pv/?e. !he pro=ect isn#t ready for

mainstream use yet, and we want help to accelerate things.

UUU7nd uoteUUU

!his is a guide to completing an order using Bitcoin "ore, via the @elp0[Mebug0

["onsole window, or bitcoind using the command line. !he commands entered

at the bitcoin core console can be run =ust the same by doingF bitcoind

\command[ \arguments[

5s a buyer conrms their order, they are asked to enter a new public key, and

their order address.

!o generate a new public key using Bitcoin "ore, run the following two

commands

"odeF ]Select^

7/24/2019 Multi Sig

14/22

42

9

: