Multipath Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks: a Hybrid between

Source Routing and Diffusion Techniques

Mohamed Ebada

Systems Science Program

University of Ottawa

Outline• Introduction

• Objective

• Multipath Finding Protocol

• Hybrid Routing

• Performance Evaluation

• Results

• Conclusions

• Future Research

Introduction

• In multipath routing, the traffic is distributed over a number of routes simultaneously

• It is crucial to develop routing protocols that would maximize the network energy resources

Objective

• The objective is to investigate the challenges of applying multipath routing in WSNs

• First, multiple paths finding protocol

• Second, traffic splitting protocol

• Third, network power usage

• Fourth, message delay

The WSN Model

Multipath Finding Protocol

• The Multipath Finding Protocol has four phases

• First phase is the Broadcast Phase

• Second phase is the Routes Sharing Phase

• Third phase is the Routes Counting Phase

• Fourth phase is the Critical Routes Finding Phase

Broadcast Phase

• There are four types of broadcasting that can be used in phase one of the Multipath Finding Protocol

• Type-one broadcast

• Type-two broadcast

• Type-three broadcast

• Type-four broadcast.

Wireless Sensor Network Layers

Types of Paths in WSN

• There are nine types of paths found in WSN

• Primary Path, Non-Primary Path, Disjoined, Primary Disjoined Path, Joined Path, Parallel Path, Circular Path, Long Path and Duplicated Path

• Multipath Finding Protocol Efficiency

• Network Routing Efficiency

Wireless Sensor Network Factors

• There are four factors affecting routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

• Network Size Factor

• Network Routing Factor

• Network Connectivity Factor

• Network Hops Factor

Traffic Splitting Protocol

• The Traffic Splitting Protocol consists of two methods that take place one after the other

• Route Weight Assignment Method

• Load Sharing Method.

Hybrid Routing

• Source Routing

• Diffusion Routing

• Hybrid Routing

Performance Evaluation

Performance Evaluation

Performance Evaluation

Performance Evaluation

Performance Evaluation

Results

• Routes discovered = 163 routes

• Multipath Finding Protocol Efficiency = 60%

• Network Routing Efficiency = 37%

• Network Size Factor = 3 hops

• Network Routing Factor = 6.52 routes/node

• Network Connectivity Factor = 3.52 nodes/node

• Network Hops Factor = 0.8

Conclusions

• Adjustments made to Multipath Finding Protocol and Traffic Splitting Protocol resulted in significant savings in network power

• Hybrid Routing Protocol combines the advantages of Source Routing Protocol and Diffusion Routing Protocol

• The cut off value used in Hybrid Routing Protocol provides a control mechanism

Future Research

• Improving the network routing efficiency

• Improve the multipath finding protocol efficiency

• Experimenting with different network sizes and topologies

• Investigating the effect of redundancy and multipath routing in WSN

Q & A

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