MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) Which of the following is NOT a factor that has contributed to deforestation in the Caribbean? 1) _______

A) provide fuel

B) population growth

C) the accidental introduction of exotic caterpillars that killed forests throughout the region

D) sugarcane plantations

E) commercial harvesting of lumber

2) What practice was most responsible for the deforestation of the islands of the Caribbean? 2) _______

A) sugarcane plantation agriculture

B) subsistence agriculture

C) urbanization

D) suburbanization

E) road construction

3) Beginning in the seventeenth century, the Caribbean forests were removed for all of the following purposes, EXCEPT 3) _______

A) the export of tropical hardwoods.

B) fuel for sugar processing.

C) timber for home building.

D) ship building.

E) to clear land for sugarcane cultivation.

4) On which island of the Caribbean is nearly 30 percent of the land still forested? 4) _______

A) Puerto Rico

B) Cuba

C) Jamaica

D) Haiti

E) Dominican Republic

5) What is the major threat to the forests in Guyana? 5) _______

A) An exotic species of caterpillar that was accidentally introduced to the region is killing the trees by eating their leaves and laying their eggs in the branches.

B) The aridity of the region makes the trees prone to forest fires which have increased in number in the last decade.

C) There has been increased settlement into the region by immigrants from other Caribbean locations.

D) Since the 1990s the Guyana government has made the wood processing industry a priority.

E) Climatic changes have led to a substantial decrease in the native tree species in the region.

6) According to the World Bank, ________ percent of Haiti's urban population has access to improved water sources. 6) _______

A) 10 B) 25 C) 50 D) 75 E) 100

7) How much of its original forest cover has Haiti lost? 7) _______

A) none of it B) a little of it C) half of it D) most of it E) all of it

8) Which Caribbean country has coastal pollution caused by petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries? 8) _______

A) Cuba B) Haiti C) Jamaica D) Puerto Rico E) Guyana

9) Which Caribbean country is the site of a wildlife sanctuary created by local farmers? 9) _______

A) Cuba B) Jamaica C) Belize D) Guyana E) Puerto Rico

10) Which of the following species has (have) become extinct as a consequence of deforestation in the Caribbean? 10) ______

A) large mammals

B) songbirds

C) monkeys

D) indigenous shrubs and trees

E) all of the above

11) According to your text, how did European colonialists in the Caribbean view forests? 11) ______

A) as a beautiful environment

B) as unproductive

C) as a barrier to travel

D) as a valuable resource worth preserving

E) as a hunting ground

12) In which part of the Caribbean is the forest cover largely intact? 12) ______

A) in no part of the Caribbean is the forest cover largely intact

B) rimland states

C) island states

D) throughout the region

E) Puerto Rico

13) What effects on the Caribbean are predicted as global climate change increases average temperatures? 13) ______

A) increased intensity of storms

B) variable rainfall leading to both floods and droughts

C) loss of biodiversity

D) sea level rise

E) all of the above

14) What area of the Caribbean is the most biologically diverse ecosystem of the marine world? 14) ______

A) river system

B) the deepest parts of the Caribbean sea

C) the western edge of the Caribbean sea

D) coral reef

E) the Bermuda Triangle

15) Why hasn't the Caribbean Sea supported large commercial fishing operations? 15) ______

A) Other resources are much more valuable.

B) The people in the region cannot afford the equipment.

C) The presence of sharks in the Caribbean Sea makes it too dangerous to fish there.

D) The quantity of any one species in the Caribbean Sea is limited.

E) There are no fish in the Caribbean Sea.

16) What was the most common number of crops grown under the plantation system of agriculture? 16) ______

A) one B) two C) five D) seven E) ten

17) Which of the following crops is NOT one with which local Caribbean farmers have been experimenting as a substitute for bananas? 17) ______

A) marijuana B) okra C) peanuts D) tomatoes E) avocados

18) Agriculture in the Caribbean colonies had all of the following characteristics, EXCEPT 18) ______

A) it caused the soils to become overworked.

B) lack of European markets for its products.

C) dependence on slave and indentured labor.

D) large plantations.

E) mono-crop production.

19) What element of plantation life was missing from the Caribbean when Europeans established the plantation economy there? 19) ______

A) market for the plantation crop

B) good weather

C) a suitable commodity crop

D) labor

E) land

20) Which of the following islands is NOT part of the Greater Antilles? 20) ______

A) Cuba B) Hispaniola C) Jamaica D) Puerto Rico E) Bahamas

21) Of the following Caribbean countries, which one is the farthest north? 21) ______

A) Suriname B) Cuba C) Jamaica D) Haiti E) Belize

22) Which Caribbean island has an active volcano? 22) ______

A) Cuba

B) Jamaica

C) the Bahamas

D) Barbados

E) Montserrat

23) What is the rimland of the Caribbean? 23) ______

A) the Guyanas

B) the countries of the Greater and Lesser Antilles

C) the coastal zone of the mainland, beginning with Belize and extending along the coast of Central America to northern South America

D) Belize and Costa Rica

E) Panama

24) Where do the hurricanes that are so prevalent in the Caribbean originate? 24) ______

A) in the Pacific Ocean, just south of Guatemala

B) in the Gulf of Mexico near Miami, Florida

C) just east of the lesser Antilles, in the Atlantic Ocean

D) off the coast of West Africa

E) in the Caribbean Sea, due east of Honduras

25) In which Caribbean country did the 1998 Hurricane Mitch have a devastating effect? 25) ______

A) Honduras

B) Cuba

C) Haiti

D) Dominican Republic

E) Jamaica

26) Caribbean hurricanes 26) ______

A) originate in the west Atlantic.

B) are not officially hurricanes until they reach winds of 110 mile per hour.

C) are a minor inconvenience, but not a real problem.

D) often enter the Caribbean at the Lesser Antilles.

E) are relatively rare.

27) At what wind speed does a tropical disturbance become a hurricane? 27) ______

A) 50 mph B) 75 mph C) 90 mph D) 100 mph E) 115 mph

28) What causes the destruction associated with hurricanes? 28) ______

A) coastal tidal surges

B) severe flooding

C) heavy downpours

D) high winds

E) all of the above

29) What percentage of the people in Haiti between the ages of 15 and 49 are infected with the HIV/AIDS virus? 29) ______

A) 3.8% B) 9.8% C) 14.8% D) 19.8% E) 24.8%

30) What percentage of the Caribbean population between the ages 15 and 49 has HIV/AIDS? 30) ______

A) 1.6% B) 4.6.% C) 9.6% D) 12.6% E) 16.6%

31) Which Caribbean countries have the lowest rates of natural increase in the region? 31) ______

A) French Guiana and Suriname

B) Cuba and Barbados

C) Guyana and Belize

D) Guadelupe and Martinique

E) Trinidad and Tobago

32) On which island of the Caribbean did HIV/AIDS first appear? 32) ______

A) Puerto Rico

B) Jamaica

C) Dominican Republic

D) Haiti

E) Montserrat

33) Which of the following caused the deaths of indigenous peoples in the Caribbean? 33) ______

A) warfare

B) enslavement

C) disease

D) brutality by the Spanish

E) all of the above

34) What area within the Caribbean contains 85% of the population of this region? 34) ______

A) Greater Antilles

B) Turcs and Caicos Islands

C) Bahamas

D) Lesser Antilles

E) Cayman Islands

35) Which of the following is NOT believed to be a cause of the high rate of HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean? 35) ______

A) the region's proximity to Africa

B) prostitution

C) lack of education programs and screening

D) international tourism

E) poverty

36) What is the approximate population of the Caribbean? 36) ______

A) 12 million B) 22 million C) 41 million D) 57 million E) 94 million

37) What percentage of the Caribbean's population is contained on the four islands of the Greater Antilles? 37) ______

A) 25% B) 35% C) 55% D) 85% E) 95%

38) By the middle 1800s, when most colonial governments in the Caribbean began to free slaves, they sought indentured laborers from which other world region(s)? 38) ______

A) South and Southeastern Asia

B) North America

C) Western and Southern Europe

D) East Africa

E) West Africa

39) What is the Caribbean diaspora? 39) ______

A) the economic flight of Caribbean peoples across the globe

B) the movement of Africans into the region during the twentieth century

C) the gradual separation of the islands through the tectonic movement of the Caribbean Plate

D) the increasing number of international tourists to the region during the last twenty years

E) the refugee movements within each country in the region

40) Which U.S. city has become the destination of choice for Cubans migrating to the United States? 40) ______

A) Houston

B) Chicago

C) New York City

D) Miami

E) Los Angeles

41) From which country did the indentured workers of Guyana and Trinidad come? 41) ______

A) China B) Kenya C) Ghana D) India E) Tanzania

42) From which two regions did the indentured workers of Suriname come? 42) ______

A) Kenya and Ethiopia

B) India and Borneo

C) Ghana and Tanzania

D) China and Hong Kong

E) South Asia and Java

43) To which of the countries below would a person who is part of the Caribbean diaspora be LEAST likely emigrate? 43) ______

A) France

B) Germany

C) Canada

D) England

E) United States

44) Which pattern of emigration from the Caribbean is LEAST likely to occur? 44) ______

A) A Haitian migrates to Liverpool, England.

B) A native of Suriname sets up housekeeping in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

C) A Puerto Rican moves to New York City.

D) A citizen of Barbados settles in the London suburb of Brixton.

E) A Cuban establishes residency in Miami, Florida.

45) What is the primary reason that Caribbean colonies began to turn to indentured labor as a workforce in the mid-nineteenth century? 45) ______

A) These individuals tended to work harder than slaves.

B) By this time nearly the entire African continent had been depopulated.

C) There was a need for the highly specialized skills they brought.

D) By this period most of the African slaves in the Caribbean colonies had fled to Maroon settlements.

E) By this period most of the colonial governments began to free their slaves.

46) Which of the following areas received the largest number of slaves between 1451 and 1870? 46) ______

A) the French Caribbean

B) Spanish America

C) the Danish Caribbean

D) the British Caribbean

E) the Middle East

47) What is "indentured labor"? 47) ______

A) professional workers specially recruited for niche positions

B) workers in technical fields

C) workers in dental offices

D) another phrase for slavery

E) workers contracted to work on estates for a set period of time

48) Which country of the Caribbean is one of the most urbanized in the region? 48) ______

A) Dominican Republic

B) Puerto Rico

C) Jamaica

D) Belize

E) Haiti

49) Which of the following Caribbean countries had the smallest percentage of its population living in urban areas? 49) ______

A) Puerto Rico B) Haiti C) Bahamas D) Cuba E) Suriname

50) Why were many cities of the Caribbean surrounded by walls? 50) ______

A) to protect against raids by Maroons

B) to protect against attacks by indigenous peoples

C) to protect people from attacks by wild animals

D) to protect against against raids from rival European powers and pirates

E) The walls were nothing more than copies of European architectural styles.

51) Where do many of the economic migrants to Caribbean cities live once they reach the urban areas? 51) ______

A) in private boarding houses

B) in tent cities set up in city parks

C) in squatter settlements

D) in dormitories set up by the government

E) in residence halls set up by their employers

52) Why are squatter settlements absent from Cuba? 52) ______

A) The government destroyed all squatter settlements and sent their residents back to the rural areas.

B) Local cultural norms do not condone squatter settlements.

C) The government of Cuba prohibited rural-to-urban migration.

D) The pace of urbanization was slow enough to enable private developers to build affordable housing for migrants to the cities.

E) The socialist government provides affordable apartments.

53) What is creolization? 53) ______

A) the blending of African and European cultures in the Caribbean

B) the means by which Caribbean nations gained their independence

C) the evolution of a Caribbean language family

D) the creation of a distinctive Caribbean-style political system

E) the development of a Caribbean-based cuisine (food preparation)

54) Maroon societies were composed of which group of people? 54) ______

A) wealthy Caribbean land-owners

B) Asian immigrants to the Caribbean

C) Hindu immigrants to the Caribbean

D) European managers of plantations in the Caribbean

E) escaped slaves

55) What well-known form of music is most closely associated with the Caribbean? 55) ______

A) rock & roll B) rap C) heavy metal D) jazz E) reggae

56) Which of the following types of music is NOT associated with the Caribbean? 56) ______

A) jazz B) calypso C) merengue D) reggae E) rumba

57) What were Maroon societies? 57) ______

A) communist groups who sought independence from their respective nations

B) the Caribbean elite who were the descendants of white plantation owners

C) inhabitants of the Caribbean who originally came as tourists, then stayed

D) communities of escaped slaves that were usually formed in remote areas

E) artist colonies that were formed during the second half of the twentieth century

58) Which of the following religious traditions is LEAST common in Brazil? 58) ______

A) Umbanda

B) Catholicism

C) Macuba

D) Protestantism

E) Candomble

59) Indigenous peoples in the which of the following regions had the highest death rates as a result of European colonization? 59) ______

A) North America

B) Caribbean

C) South America

D) Central America

E) Latin America

60) Maroon societies 60) ______

A) were made up of indentured servants who completed their work terms.

B) existed only in the Caribbean islands.

C) allowed the perpetuation of African culture.

D) usually had the official blessing of colonial governments.

E) usually included blacks and whites.

61) From which part of Africa did the majority of slaves who were brought to the Caribbean come? 61) ______

A) the Horn of Africa

B) North Africa

C) East Africa

D) West Africa

E) South Africa

62) Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for treating the Caribbean as a region that is distinct from Latin America? 62) ______

A) The region contains a large native population that still exists on the landscape today.

B) The region has only a minor legacy of Amerindians.

C) It has a more diverse European colonial history.

D) There is a stronger African influence in the region.

E) The region lacks a strong Iberian influence.

63) Creolization refers to ________. 63) ______

A) the increasing migration of people from the Caribbean to Louisiana

B) the historical expansion of plantations in the Caribbean

C) the historical blending of African and European cultures

D) the increasing independence of Caribbean nations

E) the decline of the Caribbean fishing industry and the rise of sugar production in the region

64) Which of the following African traditions survived in the Caribbean because of Maroons? 64) ______

A) language

B) farming practices

C) house designs

D) community organization

E) all of the above

65) What is the source of the place-name, "Caribbean"? 65) ______

A) its major export

B) the primary language in the region

C) its former native people

D) the French explorer who discovered the region

E) the species of tree that dominates the region

66) What is the most common language in the Caribbean? 66) ______

A) English B) French C) Dutch D) Spanish E) Portuguese

67) In which Caribbean country is the Santeria religion most common? 67) ______

A) Belize

B) Cuba

C) French Guiana

D) Suriname

E) Hispaniola

68) Which region of the Americas was the first to be extensively explored and colonized by Europeans? 68) ______

A) the Pampas

B) the Amazon region

C) the Eastern seacoast of what is now the United States

D) the West coast of what is now the United States

E) the Caribbean

69) What was the name of the official United States policy that held that the United States would not tolerate European military involvement in the Western Hemisphere? 69) ______

A) Manifest Destiny

B) the Great Society

C) the U.S. Constitution

D) the Monroe Doctrine

E) the New Deal

70) What is the political status of Puerto Rico? 70) ______

A) It is an independent country.

B) It is a possession of the United States, but its residents are not U.S. citizens.

C) It is a colony of Spain.

D) It is a state of the Republic of the Greater Antilles.

E) It is a possession of the United States and its residents are U.S. citizens.

71) Which of the following is not a Crown Colony (a possession of Great Britain)? 71) ______

A) Turcs and Caicos

B) Anguilla

C) Cayman Islands

D) Haiti

E) Montserrat

72) Why did Puerto Rico dispute claims for the island of Vieques with the U.S.? 72) ______

A) It is an excellent tourist destination.

B) The island nation of Grenada has established claims to the island.

C) Cuba has established a military outpost on the island.

D) The island contains a vast array of mineral wealth that could be used to bolster the Puerto Rican economy.

E) The U.S. military has been using the island as a bombing range.

73) Which Caribbean island do both the United States and Haiti claim? 73) ______

A) Grenada B) Tortola C) Vieques D) Aruba E) Navassa

74) Which Central American country has made territorial claims to Belize? 74) ______

A) Guatemala B) Mexico C) Nicaragua D) Honduras E) Cuba

75) When did the U.S. return the Panama Canal to full Panamanian control? 75) ______

A) 1950 B) 1975 C) 1982 D) 1999 E) 2005

76) Which Caribbean country experienced intervention from the U.S. and and the Organization of American States in 1994 in order restore President Aristide to office? 76) ______

A) Jamaica

B) Dominican Republic

C) Puerto Rico

D) Haiti

E) Cuba

77) Which Caribbean country was the site of the 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion? 77) ______

A) Jamaica B) Puerto Rico C) Montserrat D) Haiti E) Cuba

78) Colonialism in the Caribbean 78) ______

A) depended on native Indians for labor.

B) relied on plantation agriculture.

C) began in 1776 with the founding of the United States.

D) was relatively benign.

E) had little support in Europe.

79) By the early twentieth century, which foreign country was dominant in the Caribbean? 79) ______

A) Spain

B) United States

C) Britain

D) France

E) Russia

80) Which American president was responsible for the construction of the Panama Canal? 80) ______

A) Warren Harding

B) Theodore Roosevelt

C) Ronald Reagan

D) Woodrow Wilson

E) William McKinley

81) Which Caribbean country did the U.S. military invade in 1983? 81) ______

A) Dominican Republic

B) Grenada

C) Haiti

D) Cuba

E) Belize

82) Why did the U.S. invade Haiti in 1994? 82) ______

A) to restore an elected president to power

B) to introduce democracy

C) to allow the United States to occupy and rule the country

D) to slow the flow of cocaine to the United States

E) to prevent communists from taking power

83) Which Caribbean country has presented the most serious threat to U.S. foreign policy interests since the 1950s? 83) ______

A) Haiti B) Grenada C) Cuba D) Jamaica E) Panama

84) CARICOM 84) ______

A) includes nearly all of the Caribbean nations.

B) was initiated in the late 1940s.

C) has succeeded in removing nearly all barriers to Caribbean trade.

D) was formed by former British colonies.

E) was formed to set environmental standards for the Caribbean.

85) The isolated proximity of the Caribbean refers to all of the following EXCEPT 85) ______

A) the region's unique position in the world.

B) the sustained cultural diversity that the region has maintained.

C) the limited economic opportunities the region has been offered.

D) the geographic closeness to North America.

E) the early and continued independence of all of the nations contained within the region.

86) Which Caribbean island houses a U.S. military base at Guantanamo Bay? 86) ______

A) Cuba B) Puerto Rico C) Barbados D) Aruba E) Jamaica

87) How many countries and dependent territories make up the Caribbean? 87) ______

A) 32 B) 26 C) 8 D) 18 E) 11

88) What is the major attraction of offshore banking in the Caribbean? 88) ______

A) many branches, convenient locations

B) a free gift with every new account

C) personalized banking

D) specialized services that are confidential and tax-exempt

E) all of the above

89) As of 2001, how many Free Trade Zones were there in the Dominican Republic? 89) ______

A) 5 B) 10 C) 12 D) 16 E) 24

90) Approximately how many international tourists visited the Caribbean islands in 2004? 90) ______

A) 1 million B) 8 million C) 18 million D) 22 million E) 29 million

91) Historically, what crop has been the most important one in the Caribbean? 91) ______

A) bananas B) wheat C) sugar cane D) coffee E) cocoa

92) What country is known as the "Hong Kong" of the Caribbean? 92) ______

A) Barbados

B) Haiti

C) Belize

D) Jamaica

E) Dominican Republic

93) Offshore banking in the Caribbean 93) ______

A) began in the Cayman Islands.

B) has been closely tied with the international drug trade.

C) is no longer legal under international law.

D) was established by former colonial powers in the region.

E) is currently the largest source of employment in the region.

94) Tourism in the Caribbean 94) ______

A) is not an important contributor to the economy of the region.

B) was already booming in the late eighteenth century.

C) was initially dominated by Cuba.

D) has had little economic impact on the region.

E) has declined dramatically in recent years.

95) Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of "plantation America"? 95) ______

A) It concentrated land in the hands of elite families.

B) It produced crops primarily for domestic consumption.

C) It relied on an African labor force.

D) It was managed by European elites.

E) It practiced mono-crop production.

96) What was the name of the initiative designed to launch rapid industrialization in Puerto Rico? 96) ______

A) Operation Bootstrap

B) Operation Rapid Aid

C) Operation Industrialization

D) Operation Econ Grow

E) Operation New Economy

97) In 2004, which Caribbean country had the largest number of tourist arrivals? 97) ______

A) Jamaica

B) Bahamas

C) Cayman Islands

D) Cuba

E) Puerto Rico

98) What does the term "plantation America" describe? 98) ______

A) a race-based division of the Americas

B) a production system that fostered specific ecological, social, and economic relations

C) a bioregion

D) a class-based division of the Americas

E) a political system

99) Which country or island led the Caribbean in the transition from an agrarian country to an industrial one? 99) ______

A) Costa Rica B) Haiti C) Jamaica D) Guyana E) Puerto Rico

100) What group opposed the Caribbean countries during the "banana wars" of 1996? 100) _____

A) NAFTA

B) Associate of South-East Asian Nations

C) the European Union

D) Mercosur

E) all of the above

101) Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of offshore banking as a national economic enterprise? 101) _____

A) It can quickly disappear with the slightest sign of political instability.

B) It increases drug consumption and corruption.

C) It attracts money tied to the drug trade.

D) It employs few people.

E) It brings in little income.

102) What factor has prevented Caribbean countries from reaping the full benefits of their extensive investment in education? 102) _____

A) the continuing importance of the informal sector

B) offshore banking and online gambling

C) drug trafficking

D) brain drain

E) all of the above

103) Over the last 40 years, which Caribbean country has led the region in its percentage of highly educated women? 103) _____

A) Jamaica

B) Cuba

C) Barbados

D) Dominican Republic

E) Haiti

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