MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF GREATER MUMBAI …siteresources.worldbank.org/PHILIPPINESEXTN/Resources/05_Mumbai... · commercial and industrial Reclaimed areas:- Nariman Point, Backbay,

Municipal Corporation of Greater MumbaiDisaster Management Cell


MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF GREATER MUMBAI

DISASTER MANAGEMENT CELL

Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change Impacts Related Natural Disasters in East Asia

Presentation byVilas V. VaidyaChief Officer

Disaster Management Cell & CCRS



• Mumbai Covers an area of about 437.71 Sq. Km.Costal length of around 140 km.Houses about 11.9 Million people (c. 2001)Population density of about 27,209 people/km2 (c. 2001), maximum density > 100,000 persons/km2 (D-ward)Approximately 60% population resides in informal settlementsApproximately 27,68,910 structures including residential, commercial and industrialReclaimed areas:- Nariman Point, Backbay, Dockyard, Worli, Mahalxmi, Mahim-Sion causeway and Bandra-Kurla Complex are the major reclamations done so far.



TopographyMerger of 7 islands in city area, 4 islands and hilly areas in suburbs to form the citySurrounded by Arabian Sea (West) and Thane creek (East)Much of the area is close to sea level

Gravity drainage system affected by high/low tideDuring high tide flood gates have to be closed to stop ingress of sea water

Result: no drainage of storm water. Water logging/floods occurs during heavy rains coupled with high tide

• Network of drains below roads in city area and open drains in suburbs

• Storm Water Drainage (SWD) Network – More than 150 years old in city area– Designed for rainfall of 25 mm per hour and Run-off co-efficient

of 0.5



Population of Mumbai (2001 Census)– City:- 33.38 Lakhs– Eastern Suburbs:- 35.08 Lakhs– Western Suburbs:-51.32 Lakhs– Total Population:- 119.78 Lakhs

Growth Rate of Population (2006)– City:- 3.37%– Eastern Suburbs:- 8.37%– Western Suburbs:-7.85%– Overall growth:- 6.87%



Population Trends in Greater Mumbai

1.9020.681,19,78,39690,21,97029,56,4262001

1.8720.4199,25,89171,38,16727,87,7241991

3.2838.0682,43,40153,47,93029,95,4711981

3.7043.8159,70,84532,35,79127,35,0541971

3.3238.6741,51,93313,80,00027,71,9331961

5.2166.2529,94,0206,65,00023,29,0201951

2.5728.8818,00,8833,11,00014,89,8831941

0.121.1913,97,3832,36,00011,61,3831931

1.8620.2413,80,9142,05,00011,75,9141921

2.1523.7611,48,4451,69,0009,79,4451911

----9,27,9681,52,0007,75,9681901

Decadal Growth Rate (%)

CAGR (%)

TotalSuburbsIsland CityYear



0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Year & Rainfall

Rai

nfal

l in

mm

Colaba (mm) 2114 1633 1275 2074 2163 2224 2526 2436Santacruze (mm) 2205 2026 1324 2500 2212 3300 3082 2569

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Mumbai – Rain Pattern



Growth in Road Network in Greater Mumbai

57019721,123,5622003

4161752796,9151997

4171584628,4881992

2781431308,8811984

Vehicles /km

Road Length (km)

No. of Vehicles

Year

Source: IGIDR (2002)



Reasons & Effects of Climate Change1. Global warming is caused by heat being trapped

due to increasing fossil fuel emissions.2. Carbon dioxide is the most abundant of these

emissions.3. Power plant fuelled by coal emit the most CO2.4. Much of the electricity generated by these plant is

wasted or not used effectively. 5. Climate change is the due to global warming – an

increase in the Earths average temperature.6. We waste a lot of energy in our day-to-day lives as

well.7. Floods will get worse with increasing rains caused

by climate change.



Description of 26th July, 2005 Flooding• Nature of event

– Very heavy rainfall started at 1430 hrs on the 26th July 2005.

– 994 mm of rainfall measured at Santacruz Meteorological Centre for a period of 24 hrs starting at 0830 hrs on the 26th July, 2005.

– Excessive rain resulted in waterlogging in several suburbs.– Mithi River overflowed and consequently led to water logging

of Western Express Highway.– Additionally, heavy rains at Raigad, Thane and Konkan

regions outside Mumbai resulted in Dahisar and Poisar River overflowing, compounding waterlogging problem in the city.

– There were 6 instances of landslide on 26th, 3 on 27th, one each on 28th, 30th July and 1st August respectively



Description of 26th July, 2005 FloodingOverall Assessment of Impact• Estimated loss of life:

– As many as 445 people lost their lives in the flashfloods and the landslides and 194 persons have so far died of various deluge – related illnesses.

• Most arterial roads and highways blocked/congested• Estimated number of establishments/vehicles damaged

– The estimated Number of damaged buildings and vehicles is as follows:

• Residential establishments - partly damaged: 50,000• Residential establishments - fully damaged: 2,000• Commercial establishments: 40,000• Vehicles: 30,000



Description of 26th July, 2005 FloodingOverall Assessment of Impact

– Effect on train services• Heavy rains led to railway tracks being submerged and

consequent stoppage of services on all railway lines.– Effect on air services

• Heavy rains led to airport being flooded. Additionally there was extremely poor visibility and airport was closed on July 26.

– Effect on power supply• Electricity supply was stopped in most parts of

Mumbai’s Western Suburbs in the night of the 26th July 2005 due to danger of electrocution.



Mumbai – 26/07/2005



Mumbai – 26/07/2006



Communication : Actions taken • Communication channels with Western Railway, Central

Railway, BEST and Mumbai Police were immediately established utilizing the hotline infrastructure in the MCGM Disaster Management Cell (DMC) around 3:30pm on the 26th July 2005.

• The Indian Navy Flag Officer was contacted for making boats and divers available for rescue operations a little later.

• Municipal Commissioner & Additional Municipal Commissioner (Western Suburbs) in charge of the Disaster Control Room at MCGM personally started coordinating rescue operations.



Description of 26th July, 2005 Flooding• Transport arrangements made for stranded passengers

– Around 150 thousand people were stranded at the CST and Churchgate local stations Rescue operations completed

– The Fire Brigade and the Rescue teams of MCGM undertook several major and minor rescue operations. Some of the major operations included

• Rescuing school children from Daulat Nagar, Borivali on 26th

July, 2005• Rescuing people from 140 BEST buses and other vehicles

held up due to water logging; MCGM’s Search & Rescue Team was put in operation, which rescued around 3700 people on the 26th / 27th July 2005. Rescue boats of Navy deployed at Kurla Kalina area.

• Rescuing passengers of 6 buses at Bandra-Kurla Complex with the help of Navy and Mumbai Police on 27th of July 2005.



DM PlanningDesilting of major rivers in Mumbai after 26/07 –The rivers have been widened and deepened and encroachments have been removed



DM PlanningTo reduce the release green house gases, MCGM vehicles only use CNG



Public Awareness Programmes

DM Planning



DM Planning

Near-future effects of climatic changes can not be ignored



DM PlanningResponse Strategy



DM PlanningResponse

Emergency Operation Centre



DM PlanningResponse

Flood Rescue Team



Technology and Disaster Management

Floods :- Automatic Rain Gauges, Flow Meters, Velocity Meters, Doppler Radar, Satellite images.



Automatic Raingauge



Flood Rescue Equipments

12 nos.Driver’s Knife

24 nos.Polypropylene rope with splice ends of 50 mtrs. length

18 nos.Hand Throw Bag Inflatable type with 30 mtrs. Life Line

6 nos.Floating Stretcher

30 nos.Rescue Tube

30 nos.Ring Buoys with 30 mtrs. rope

42 nos.Life Jacket Inflatable type

42 nos.Life Jacket Foam type

12 nos.Water proof Torch

30 nos.Wet Suit

6 nos.Rescue Board with Power Line

12 nos.Inflatable Kayak`

6 nos.Inflatable board with Out Board motor



Technology and Disaster ManagementHigh Technology machines and equipments are today used to :-

ForecastingMeasuringPreventingDesigningRescuing andRelief Operations

eg:Earthquakes :- Seismograph, Seismic microzonation,

Retrofitting of buildings, Modern earthmoving equipments



Technology and Disaster ManagementTrain accidents/ bomb blast :- Anti collision equipment, CCTV, Metal Detectors

Land slides :- Soil conservation, Strengthening of hill footage area,

Chemical Disaster:-Chemical fire fighting equipments , Gas masks

Off site plan of chemical factories.



ConclusionDisaster Management System has been undergoing continuous up gradation during last few years

2005 July floods have provided valuable lessons and resulted in more rapid upgradation of DMP

Efforts are on going for better co-ordination with all stake holders

National Disaster Management authorities has appreciated the efforts of Mumbai Disaster Management system.



Asia Megacities Forum 2008The Asia Megacities Forum 2008 is being hosted by Mumbai in December 2008Forum being organized in association with Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative and several other partnersForum will focus on disaster risk management and related issues

We cordially invite cities present here to participate in AMF2008



Thank you



0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Max. Temperature in Mumbai

Tem

pera

ture

Year 2006 31 28.8 28.3 29.6 34.2 34.1 32.7Year 2007 31.1 29.3 25.7 26.2 30.5 30.3 28.9

June July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Mumbai – Recent Climatic Changes



Mumbai Flood – Effect of Climate Change• Climate Change is erratic shifts in weather

patterns that occur due to global warming. Its effects include sea level rise, glacial melt, changes in rainfall, as well as calamities such as droughts, floods, heat waves and cyclones. All these can combine to result in lower agricultural yields, extinction of various species, as well as drastic increase of tropical diseases.



Immediate assistance provided (Rescue and Relief)

• Emergency relief arrangements– MCGM organized emergency relief arrangements on a war footing.

• Food packets and drinking water were arranged for the stranded people with the help of Non-Governmental Organizations and Social Organizations on the 27th of July 2005.

• Over 25,000 people were provided relief across 15 locations across the city including Air India Colony, Kranti Nagar (Jari Mari Road), Filter pada at Bhandupand Panchsheel Nagar. Affected people were shifted to nearby Municipal schools, local buildings and halls on the 27th of July 2005.

• MCGM conducted relief operations in several areas through its own Rescue-and-relief teams. For example, 8,750 and 3,250 food packets were distributed in City and Western suburbs. At the Air India colony, MCGM distributed 5,000 food packets and 1,000 litres of milk to the more than 3,500 families stuck in water on 2nd August 2005. Relief operations lasted more than 12 hrs and were conducted by a joint team of MCGM and H20 using 1 rib boat, 1 rescue board and 3 rowing boats.

• MCGM also coordinated relief work at other places with the help of social service organisations (such as Nirmala Niketan College of Social Work and Tata Institute of Social Science), over 20 NGOs (including Akanksha, Yuvak Pratishthan, Apnalaya) and industry houses (e.g, Tata Group through Dorabjee Tata Trust).

• A coordination mechanism was set up at the DMC to facilitate relief operations of individuals, industry houses and NGOs on the 2nd August 2005.



Post-Flood Sanitation measures undertaken• Because of the severe rains and the fact that people had walked extensively through

flood waters, risk of epidemics of water-borne diseases such as gastroenteritis, hepatitis and also of leptospirosis was high. MCGM implemented several preventive and therapeutic measures to minimize these risks.

• Preventive measures– Several preventive measures to minimize risk of infection from all possible

source were undertaken. Extensive spraying of disinfectants and insecticides was undertaken to control pests, and minimize flies and mosquitoes. In addition, water purification tablets and prophylactic medications were also distributed.

• Disinfection of open spaces and waste collection areas– Over 24 metric tons of bleaching powder disinfectant and over 2 metric

tons of carbophenol powder were sprayed to disinfect public spaces • Larval mosquito control measures

– Vector detection activities were resumed in less than 48 hours after the deluge

• Adult mosquito control measures– Insecticide was sprayed and fogging operations completed in all

identified 1174 vulnerable locations immediately after the deluge



Pollution is the Primary Cause

Burning carbon –containing fossil fuels Produces carbon dioxide

Global Warming is the rise in the Earths average temperature. This has dramatically increased over the last 50 years, and is caused by man-made emissions of greenhouse gases. The worst greenhouse gas is Carbon Dioxide (Co2) and the larges emitters of CO2 are thermal power plant.



What can Community, Industry & Govt. do to switch?

• We can fight Global Warming by Switching to energy efficiency practices that will reduce electricity consumption. This in turn will offset the need to burn coal, and help to reduce our net carbon emissions.



Individual Actions



Rain Gauge Installation• MCGM has installed automatic rain

gauges at 26 fire brigade stations, so as to know exact pattern of the rain all over Mumbai city & suburb.

• This rain gauges data is transmitted to control room every one hour.

• The rain gauges can be further calibrated to give alarm at prefixed rainfall intensity. (above 20mm rainfall)

• These data serves ultimately as warning and evacuation signal if required.

• Fire brigade being first respondent and on 24 hours alert, the rain gauges are installed at fire stations.


Municipal Corporation of Greater MumbaiDisaster Management CellUSE OF SCIENCE FOR

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Documents

MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF GREATER MUMBAI …siteresources.worldbank.org/PHILIPPINESEXTN/Resources/05_Mumbai... · commercial and industrial Reclaimed areas:- Nariman Point, Backbay,