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Bone Injuries and
Treatment
Fractures and
Dislocations
Bellwork
Research the small bones in
the foot and wrist.
Draw them in your notes.
State Standards
16) Understand principles of and successfully perform skills related to Emergency Medicine, incorporating rubrics from the American Heart Association or American Red Cross for the following:
c. Basic First aid for bone and joint injuries
21) Understand principles of and successfully perform skills related to Athletic Training, incorporating rubrics from textbooks or clinical standards of practice for the following:
a. Assessment of athlete with injured ankle or wrist
Objectives
Students will identify signs and
symptoms of fractures and
dislocations.
Students will describe the location
of fractures through applying
knowledge of the different bones.
Students will demonstrate
knowledge of the different types of
fractures through a diagnostic lab
activity.
Common Signs and Symptoms
of a Fracture or Dislocation
Pain
Swelling
Deformity (bent or longer)
Discoloration
Loss of function in the extremity
Audible “pop” or “snap”
Discussion
With a partner discuss….
What happens to the tissues
surrounding a fracture?
Applying what you know about
homeostasis, what body systems
have the potential to be
impacted by this type of injury?
Dislocation Vs. Fracture
Ligament- short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint
Fracture- Traumatic bone injury in which the bone tissue becomes damaged or completely severed.
Dislocation-displacement of the bone out of its socket resulting in tearing or stretching of ligaments.
Sprain- injury to a joint caused by sudden motion, causing the ligaments to tear. The joint is not dislocated.
Discussion
Discuss with a partner….
Applying the definitions you just learned,
determine the type of injury in the
scenario.
Rachel fell from a tree and has injured
her arm. She heard a pop in her arm when
she landed and the arm appears longer
than her other arm.
Open vs. Closed Fracture
Closed Fracture- the bone is broken but
the bone ends do not pierce through the
skin
Open Fracture- most serious type of
fracture, the bone ends pierce through
the skin.
Discussion: Applying what you know about
homeostasis and the protection measures
of the body, why would an open fracture
be the most dangerous? What might be
impacted with this type of injury?
Bone Injuries
Comminuted
Fracture 3 or more fragments
of bone
Hard, direct blow
Fall in awkward
position
Often seen in the
elderly
Bone Injuries
Depressed
Fracture Often occurs in flat
bones
Falling on hard,
immovable surface
Hit with a hard
objectDiscussion: Applying what
we learned about bone
anatomy, which bones are
considered flat bones?
Bone Injuries Transverse Fracture
Bone Injuries
Greenstick (Fissure)
Fracture
The bone bends much
like a green tree branch.
Occurs in immature bone
that has not completely
ossified
Discussion: Applying what
you learned about the
make up of bone, what
type of bone tissue would
be present when the
bone has not completely
ossified. Ex. A child
Bone Injuries Impacted
Fracture Bone is compressed
Fall from a height
Immediate splinting and traction are required
Discussion: Applying what you just learned about an impacted fracture and what you know about how a dislocation looks, what will an extremity with an impacted fracture look like?
Bone Injuries
Longitudinal
Fracture
Bone splits along its
length
Jumping from a height
Bone Injuries
Oblique Fracture Twisting injury
Twisting on end of the bone while the other end is stabilized
Longitudinal and oblique fractures usually occur in the long bones.
Discussion: Applying what you learned about how longitudinal and oblique are caused, what long bones do you think are most effected?
Types of Fractures
Spiral Fracture
S-shaped separation
of bone
Ex. Foot is firmly
planted and the body
is rotated in the
opposite direction
Avulsion
Injury to the bone in which
part of the bone is pulled
off by an attaching tissue.
Discussion: Applying what
you know about the tissues
that attach to bone, which
one, ligament or tendon,
would cause an avulsion?
Fissure or hairline fracture
An incomplete bone fracture;
multiple small lines are often
visible, but do not pass through the
entire bone.
Activity
With a partner complete the identifying x-rays activity.
Read the information at the top of the activity that discusses fractures, dislocations, and x-rays.
Complete the questions that go along with each x-ray example.
Complete the questions at the end of the activity individually.
First Aid treatment of bone
and joint injuries
State Standards
16) Understand principles of and successfully perform skills related to Emergency Medicine, incorporating rubrics from the American Heart Association or American Red Cross for the following:
c. Basic First aid for bone and joint injuries
21) Understand principles of and successfully perform skills related to Athletic Training, incorporating rubrics from textbooks or clinical standards of practice for the following:
a. Assessment of athlete with injured ankle or wrist
Objectives
Students will demonstrate knowledge of how to assess for an injury to an extremity.
Students will demonstrate knowledge of first aid care of a fracture or dislocation.
Students will apply knowledge of first aid care in injury scenarios.
Assessing for an Injury
1st Examine the scene and make sure it is safe.
2nd Determine if the victim is having difficulty breathing, if so take care of this first.
3rd. Assess for bleeding, apply pressure without causing trauma.
Discussion: Applying what you know about the anatomy of the skeleton, what type of fracture could cause difficulty with breathing?
Assessing for Injury If the victim is conscious, ask questions about what
happened. The victim may have heard a bone snap
at the time of injury.
Ask the victim where they are hurting, what it
feels like, and ask them to rate the pain from 1 to
10.
Examine the injured area for swelling and/or
deformities, lacerations and puncture wounds.
Gently feel along the length of the bone for
tenderness, swelling and deformities.
Check the circulation to the surrounding tissues by
checking the pulse and looking at the color of the
skin.
Discussion: What would the skin look like if it has
decreased circulation?
Assessing an Injury DO NOT encourage the casualty to
move the injured part in order to
identify a fracture or dislocation.
If you are not sure whether a bone is
fractured, treat the injury as if it is.
Do not move a victim if you suspect a
fracture to the skull, neck, or spine.
Discussion: Applying what you know
about the nervous system, why would
you take special care to not move a
victim with a suspected fracture of the
neck or back?
First Aid treatment Splints
A splint can be any long firm object.
Before applying the splint, assess circulation and feeling below the injury.
Immobilize the joints above and below the fracture.
Prevents the sharp edges of the bone from moving and cutting tissue, muscle, blood vessels, and nerves.
Immobilizing fractures reduces pain.
Assess for circulation and feeling after applying the splint.
Discussion: Why would you assess circulation and feeling before and after applying a splint?
First Aid treatment Slings
Goal is to further
immobilize the
injury.
Provides support
to the injury.
Used for an upper
extremity injury.
Activity
In your small groups you will be given a
scenario.
Applying what you have learned from
anatomy of the skeletal system and bone
injuries, work together to determine the
type of injury your victim is suffering
from.
You need to provide the appropriate
emergency treatment for the injury
following the provided grading rubric.
You will present your scenario and your
first aid treatment to the class to be
graded using the rubric.
Extended Learning!
What do the terms traction and
open reduction mean in
relation to injury and
treatment of bones and joints?
