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Muscular SystemMuscular System
Tracie Haan
M.E. Meyerhofer
Chelsea Friesen
Muscular System Physiology 4 main functions of the muscles:
Produces movement
Maintain posture
Reinforces and stabilizes joints
Generates heat
Muscle Types
There are three main
muscle types: Skeletal Cardiac Smooth
Skeletal Muscles The four primary functions of skeletal muscles:
Movement Posture Support Heat regulation
Controlled under somatic nervous system Voluntarily Controlled Striated Most skeletal muscles are attached to bones
by bundles of collagen fibers known as tendons.
Skeletal Muscle Structure Skeletal Muscle Cells (myocytes)
myoblasts○ Myofibrils
Skeletal MusclesBelly
○ Fascia: Epimysium Perimysium Endomysium
○ Muscle Fiber (Cell)Tendon
6
Skeletal MusclesMajor Muscles:
6
Mechanics Of Mechanics Of Movements DemoMovements Demo
Cardiac Muscles Two types of cardiac cells:
Electrical and myocardial Heats contracts rhythmically the whole life of an organism. Autonomically controlled, involuntary muscle, polarized Striated
Cardiac muscles are auto-rhythmic Muscles contract even in the absence of neuronal innervation (pacemaker
cells)
Smooth Muscles All involuntary actions within body with exception to the heart 2 types:
Visceral smooth muscle
Multiunit smooth muscle
No striations due to the absence of sarcomeres
Some smooth muscle areas include: the walls of the viscera, iris of the eye, urinary tract and blood vessels.
Stimulate movement such as peristalsis
Common Muscular Diseases
Muscular Dystrophy- Group of genetic disorders Muscle weakness and loss of muscle tissue Gets worse over time No cure
Sprains and Strains-Sprain-
○ Stretched or torn ligament○ Ligaments connect bones at the joints
Strain-○ Stretched or torn tendon or muscle○ Tendons connect the muscle to the bone
Common Muscular Diseases
Myositis- Inflammation of muscle fibers Swelling of skeletal muscles Group of diseases Causes muscle weakness and degeneration
Contraction and Contraction and Relaxation LabRelaxation Lab
12
Sources http://www.livestrong.com/article/261129-smooth-muscle-structure/ http://www.andrews.edu/~schriste/Course_Notes/
Anatomy__Physiology__and_Elect/anatomy__physiology__and_elect.html
http://nursingcrib.com/anatomy-and-physiology/anatomy-and-physiology-muscular-system/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002172/ http://www.livestrong.com/article/83692-common-muscular-diseases/ http://healthmad.com/medicine/human-muscular-system/