Music & Your Brain:A Prescription for Music

Therapy

Deanna Black, MT-BC, LMT&

Brittany Knapp, MA, MT-BC, Neurologic Music Therapist

History of MT

- Aristotle and Plato discussed the idea of Music as a healing influence on health and behavior.

- Formally started after WWI & WWII with community Musicians performing at veteran hospitals

- 1789 First Reference to Music Therapy in a Medical Dissertation

- Various associations were formed from 1903-1940

- Late 30’s & 40’s Ira Altshuler MD, Willem van de Wall, & E. Thayer Gaston developed first curriculum for MSU, U of Kansas, Chicago Musical College, College of the Pacific & Alverno College

- National Association of Music Therapy (NAMT) founded on June 2, 1950 in NYC. AAMT - 1971

- Certification Board for MT inc in 1983.- AMTA -1998 Merged associations and

now the largest MT association in the world - USA and over 30 other countries

Why Music Therapy? When to Refer? Music Therapy can be used to address a variety of emotional, physical, psychosocial, cognitive, social and motor needs.

Referrals can be beneficial for individuals who need help with strengthening bonds, reducing anxiety, building self confidence, focusing/attention span/ grounding, creativity, awareness of others, life transitions, communication issues, self awareness or awareness of others, and emotional challenges

Referrals can be made by any physician, therapist, caregiver, agency etc.

Assessments will follow referrals with goals needing to be set and agreed on before sessions begin.

Populations served

Military

Alzheimer’s Disease & Dementia

Crisis & Trauma Victims

Mental Health - TBI, PTSD, Stroke

Pain Management

Inmates in Correctional or Forensic Settings

Oncology

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Music Education

Special Education

Young Children

Rehabilitation

Parkinsons

Hospital Patients

Possible MT Interventions

Recreative and Improvisational Music playing

Song writing & Song Parody

Recreative & Improvisational Singing/chanting

Instrumental Role Playing

Music Lessons/ adaptive lessons

Relaxation techniques

Neurological Music Therapy sessions

Guided Imagery & Music

Gait Training (in conjunction with Phys. Therapy)

Psychoanalytic Music Therapy

Activity based music sessions

Lyric Analysis

Neurologic Music Therapy

Neurologic Music Therapy● FOCUSES ON THE BRAIN’S INVOLVEMENT IN THE PERCEPTION, PRODUCTION, AND PERFORMANCE OF

MUSIC AND THEIR EFFECTS ON NONMUSICAL BRAIN AND BEHAVIORAL FUNCTIONS (THAUT, 2010)

● BASED ON SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND A NEUROSCIENTIFIC MODEL

● DIRECTED TOWARDS FUNCTIONAL GOALS ADDRESSING COGNITION, LANGUAGE, AND MOTOR DOMAINS

● 20 STANDARDIZED TECHNIQUES

● TYPICALLY COLLABORATIVE CO-TREATMENT SESSIONS WITH PHYSICAL THERAPY, OCCUPATIONAL

THERAPY, AND SPEECH LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

(The Academy of Neurologic Music Therapy, 2018)

Primary Goal Areas within NMT

➔ Sensorimotor ○ Focuses on motor recovery and rehabilitation

➔ Speech/Language○ Focuses on acquiring/regaining speech and language skills

➔ Cognition○ Focuses on improving memory, attention, arousal, auditory perception, spatial neglect, and

executive functioning

➔ Sensorimotor ○ Focuses on motor recovery and rehabilitation

➔ Speech/Language○ Focuses on acquiring/regaining speech and language skills

➔ Cognition○ Focuses on improving memory, attention, arousal, auditory perception, spatial neglect, and

executive functioning

Goal Areas & InterventionsSENSORIMOTOR: SPEECH/LANGUAGE:RHYTHMIC AUDITORY STIMULATION (RAS) (BRADT, ET AL., 2017) MELODIC INTONATION THERAPY (MIT)

PATTERNED SENSORY ENHANCEMENT (PSE) MUSICAL SPEECH STIMULATION (MUSTIM)

THERAPEUTIC INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC PERFORMANCE (TIMP) RHYTHMIC SPEECH CUEING (RSC)

VOCAL INTONATION THERAPY (VIT)

COGNITIVE: SYMBOLIC COMMUNICATION TRAINING THROUGH MUSIC (SYCOM)

MUSICAL SENSORY ORIENTATION TRAINING (MSOT) ORAL MOTOR AND RESPIRATORY EXERCISES (OMREX)

MUSICAL NEGLECT TRAINING (MNT) DEVELOPMENTAL SPEECH AND LANGUAGE TRAINING THROUGH MUSIC (DSLM)

AUDITORY PERCEPTION TRAINING (APT) MUSICAL MNEMONIC TRAINING (MMT)

MUSICAL ATTENTION CONTROL TRAINING (MACT) THERAPEUTIC SINGING (TS)

ASSOCIATIVE MOOD AND MEMORY TRAINING (AMMT)

MUSICAL EXECUTIVE FUNCTION TRAINING (MEFT)

MUSIC PSYCHOTHERAPY AND COUNSELING (MPC)

MUSICAL ECHOIC MEMORY TRAINING (MEM)(Thaut, M. & Hoemberg, V., 2014)

Potential Benefits to Receiving Music Therapy

➔ Increased socialization (Nayak, et al., 2000) ➔ Enhanced mood (Baker & Wigram, 2004; Albers, et al., 2017) ➔ Increase participation (Baker & Tamplin, 2006)➔ Increased emotional expression (Kennelly & Edwards, 1997)➔ Increased emotional adjustment & expression (Thaut, et al., 2009)➔ Improve cognitive functioning (Thaut, 2010)

Ways to Incorporate Music at Home

- Dedicate time for listening to music- Singing along with preferred music- Listening to music for relaxation- Participating in community music groups- Active music making - Music for motivation during exercise - Identify music to bond over between you and your caregiver- Create original lyrics or song parodies

Concerns for Home use of Music● Be aware of responses to music (physical,

emotional, and mental responses) ● Do not overstimulate with music volume,

genre, duration ● Know your limits and seek professionals

when limits have been reached ( treatments by untrained individuals can have adverse reactions)

● Respect individuals preferred music don’t impose self (caregiver) views of music or styles on individual.

● Be aware of environment and others and respect those around you when listening

Resources

To find a music therapist in your area:

➔ WWW.CBMT.ORG

For more information on music therapy:

➔ WWW.MUSICTHERAPY.ORG

For more information on Neurologic Music Therapy

➔ WWW.NMTACADEMY.CO/

Speaker Information

Deanna Black, MT-BC, LMT

Deanna.Black@va.gov

(513) 861-3100 ext 4984

BRITTANY KNAPP, MA, MT-BC, NEUROLOGIC MUSIC THERAPIST

BRITTANY.KNAPP@CCHMC.ORG

(513) 636- 9438

References• Albers, S., Fusar-Poli, L., Freeman, RE., Spreen, M., Ket, JC., Vink, AC., Maratos, A., Crawford, M., Chen, XJ., & Gold, C. (2017). Music therapy

for depression. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004517.pub3.• Baker, F., & Tamplin, J. (2006). Music therapy methods in neurorehabilitation: A clinician's manual. London, Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley.• Baker, F., & Wigram, T. (2004). The immediate and long-term effects of singing on the mood states of people with traumatic brain injury. The

British Journal of Music Therapy, 18(2), 55-64. • Bradt, J., Magee, W., Dileo, C., Wheeler, B., & McGilloway, E. (2010). Music therapy for acquired brain injury. Cochrane Database of Systematic

Reviews. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006787.pub2• Kennelly, J., & Edwards, J. (1997). Providing music therapy to the unconscious child in the pediatric intensive care unit. The Australian Journal of

Music Therapy, 8, 18-29• Magee, W., Clark, I., Tamplin, J., Bradt, J. (2017). Music interventions for acquired brain injury. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. DOI:

10.1002/14651858.CD006787.pub3.• Nayak, S., Wheeler, B., Shifflet, S., & Agostinelli, S. (2000). Effect of music therapy on mood and social interaction among individuals with acute

traumatic brain injury and stroke. Rehabilitation Psychology, 45(3), 274-283. • Thaut, M., Gardiner, J., Holmberg, D., Horwitz, J., Kent, L., Andrews, G., Donelan, B., & McIntosh, G. (2009). Neurologic music therapy improves

executive function and emotional adjustment in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. • Thaut, M. (2010). Neurologic music therapy in cognitive rehabilitation. Music Perception, 27(4), 281-285. • Thaut, M., & Hoemberg, V. (2014). Handbook of Neurologic Music Therapy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.