Muslim Ummah :Its Role,

Past, Present and Future,Challenges and Opportunities

OUT LINE• Concept of Ummah• The Past_Glorious• The Present_Turmoil• The Future_ ?????• Challenges faced by Muslim Ummah

– Illiteracy– Terrorism– Poverty– Autocracy– Far behind in Science and Technology– No Veto Powers– Concentration of wealth– Redefining the role of women

• Causes of debacle• Responsibilities• Suggestions• Problems in implementation • Epilogue

Concept

• The phrase Ummah in the Qur'an refers to all of the Islamic world unified.

• The Quran says:– “You [Muslims] are the best nation brought out

for Mankind, commanding what is righteous (Ma'ruf, lit. "recognized [as good]") and forbidding what is wrong (Munkar, lit. "unrecognized [as good]")…” [3:110].

Concept

“The Muslims, regardless of their origin, irrespective of their geographical boundaries

and racial characteristics are one Ummah”

(The Convenant of Madina)

Pan-Islamism

• Pan-Islamism is a political movement advocating the unity of Muslims under one Islamic state — often a Caliphate

• Rreligious nationalism, Pan-Islamism differentiates itself from other pan-nationalistic ideologies

Concepts Shared by Intellectuals• Allama Iqbal: – All the Muslims beyond any difference of color, caste,

nation, state, ideology at the basis of religion are called Muslim Ummah.(heads)

• Syed Jamal-ud-din Afghani: – All the Muslim states constitute Ummah. He was preacher

of Pa Islamism. • Shah Wali Ullah:– Muslims belonging to Muslim states only constitute

Muslim Ummah.• We say. Muslims present in any part of the world are part of

Muslim Ummah.

Introduction

• Muslim Ummah has Glorious History which Produced;– Great Generals,Reformers, Thinkers, Scientists,

Scholars and Astronomers

• Today Muslims face a Common Threat of their Survival

• Rise and fall is a social phenomenon, may be Muslim Ummah is facing its logical correction

Basis for Unity

• We are all Muslims, we believe in one God i.e. Almighty Allah, we believe in one Prophet i.e. Muhammad (Sallallaho Alaihe wa Aal-e-hee Wasallam) and we all have the book of Allah i.e. Qur'an

• Allah• Prophet• Quran

Early Division

• This difference in approaches on purely a political issue divided the Muslims permanently. (Political)

• However, there were no differences among Muslims regarding Islamic Jurisprudence and worshipping (Ibadaat).

• If some differences occasionally appeared among them, they never considered it as a difference that could divide Muslims.

Development of Islamic Jurisprudence (The science of Fiqah), four Ahle Sunnat Imams of Islamic Jurisprudence, Imam Abu Hanifah, Imam Malik, Imam Shafi'e and Imam Ahmed bin Hanbal learnt Islamic Jurisprudence from Imams of Ahle Bait

Imam Abu Hanifa was a student of Imam Ja'ffar us Sadiq

The major division among Muslims in Jurisprudence occurred when the Science of Fiqah (Islamic Jurisprudence) became a formal subject

The Sunni Muslims were divided into four Madhahib (ways), HANAFI, MALKI, SHAFI'E AND HANBALI.

The local nationalism was never preferred over the worldwide Islamic brotherhood. Imam Muslim, Imam Bukhari, Imam Trmidhi and many other Imams and scholars of Islam were non Arabs but no one felt that they were from n

Muslims were the leaders in setting up the standards for the rest of the world. Muslims were educators, scientists, doctors, engineers, commanders, etc. Intellectually, morally, economically, politically and spiritually Muslims were the leaders and model for other communities and nations

The Start of Real Disunity

• After almost 13 centuries of Muslim rule, the focus of Muslim Ummah changed. What Qur'an describes the attributes of Muslims as, "They (Muslims) are very kind among themselves but very hard on Kuffaar".

• Muslims slowly adopted the opposite attributes. They became very kind to KUFFAAR and very hard and cruel to

3 important areas hit by the west

Touheed Cant be changedRisalat , West develop and support few Muslims

who are willing to challenge the honour and authority of Muhammad (peace be upon him).

Holy Book, we believe that Qur'an is the word of God and can not be changed. West develop and support those Muslims scholars who will be able to provide "new" meanings to the Qur'anic verses and interpret them "differently"

THE GLORIOUS PAST

00-100

• Period of Nabuwat• Period of Khilafat• Hazrat Umer Farooq (R.A) Iran, Iraq, Palestine and

Egypt were conquered. • Hazrat Usman (R.A) Afghanistan, Qabris, Tunis and

Moroco were conquered. • Hazrat Ali (R.A)– Jang-e-Nehrwan with Kharji, Jang-e-Jaml with Hazrat

Ayesha (R.A) and Jang-e-Safeen with Ameer Muawia.

Cont….• During the period of Hazrat Ameer Muawia Muslims got military

strength. After Ameer Muawia long chain of government is being followed.

• Muawia---Yazid---Muawia II---Merwan---Abdul Malik---Waleed Bin Malik

• In the period of Waleed Bin Malik great victories came in part of Muslims. – Muhammad Bin Qasim conquered Sindh– Qateebah Bin Muslim Conquered Turkistan– Tariq Bin Ziyad conquered Spain, Portugal– Musa Bin Naseer conquered Undlus, Africa

• After this Islam emerged as power and penetrated in whole world quickly.

The Great

100-500 AH

• Period of Umer Bin Abdul Aziz• Hasham Bin Malik ruled over Central Asia,

Roam• Periodof Khilafat-e-Bnu Abbas– Haroon-ur-Rasheed laid stress on education and

he developed schools and colleges to spread education. Muslims got strength in education in his period.

Cont….

• Bring the period 300-400AH Khilafat was divided.

• Aal-e-boya Iran • Fatimi Egypt• Ghazni Alpatagin• Banu Idrees Africa• Umvi Undlus• From 400-500 AH Shia-Suni split happened.

500-1000 AH

• 500-600 Crusades (Noor-ud-Din Zangi and Salah-u-Din Ayubi)

• 600-700 was a period of Tatars attacks and falloff Baghdad 1258

• First Qibla captured by Crusaders• 700-800 Ameer Taimoor-Mahood Garan accepted Islam.

And havoc was turned• 800-900 height of Ottoman Empire• Rule of Banu Abbass ended in 923 AH• 900-1000 Saleem Usmani, Ottoman Empire

Fall of Roman Empire

• The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was originally intended to conquer Muslim-controlled Jerusalem by means of an invasion through Egypt. Instead, in April 1204 Constantinople, capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire).

• The Empire received a mortal blow in 1204 by the Fourth Crusade, when it was dissolved and divided into competing Byzantine Greek and Latin realms. Despite the eventual recovery of Constantinople and re-establishment of the Empire in 1261

1000-1400 AH

• 1000-1100 period of fall• 1100-1200 wars with Russia, Astria, Attack of

Abdalli,Durrani on India• 1200-1300 Egypt Vs Ottomans, rebellion in

Bosnia, Napoleon’s attacks, Wahabiz at Hijaz• 1300-1400 fall of Khilafat• I-WW, II-WW

Cause of glory

• Muslims enjoyed victories• They had strong military• They were at peak in education, justice and

culture• They were one Ummah• They had strong economy and Jihad was basic

tool of strong economy.

Jihad is an Economy

THE PRESENT

Conflict Ridden Muslim World

• The conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Somalia, Algeria, Turkey, Egypt, Lebanon, Bangladesh, Iraq,Lebyia, Palestine, Syria

• Think of any !!!

Political Capital

• Organization of Islamic Cooperation-OIC• ECO• Arab League• African Union• UNO 57 Members

Social Capital

• Geostrategic importance• Combine location of most Islamic states• Universal religion• 99% literacy rate in CARs, 57 % in Pakistan, • Iran exhibit high scientific publication growth

arte in 2009• From seven three great : Egyptian, Gandhara,

Indus/Moenjodaro Civilizations are in Muslim Countries

Economic Capital

• Collective population of member states is 1.6 billion as 2009-10

• Combined GDP of $ 10.104 Trillion• Turkey had highest GDP on 2010 among OIC

members as $ 729 Billion• OPEP: Except Venezuela 34% oil contribution

comes from Muslim world• In Euro Zone, 575 B$ contribution is of Arab world

in insurance banking and stock exchange.

WORLD ECONOMIES GROWTH RATE

Major Economies

Middle East-Asia

OPEC

South East Asia

Interest Rates

Debt to GDP Ratio

Rank Country GDP $Million

—  World 78,852,864—  European Union 15,788,5841  United States 15,064,8162  China,  11,316,2243  India 4,469,7634  Japan 4,395,60015  Indonesia 1,122,63816  Turkey 1,054,56017  Iran 930,23626  Egypt 516,18127  Pakistan 489,436

Rank countryGDP - per capita

(PPP) Date of Information

1 Qatar $ 179,000 2010 est. 

2 Liechtenstein $ 141,100 2008 est. 

3 Luxembourg $ 82,600 2010 est. 

4 Bermuda $ 69,900 2004 est. 

5 Singapore $ 62,100 2010 est. 

6 Jersey $ 57,000 2005 est. 

7 Norway $ 54,600 2010 est. 

8 Brunei $ 51,600 2010 est. 

9 United Arab Emirates $ 49,600 2010 est. 

10 Kuwait $ 48,900 2010 est. 

The Status of Democracy Index (SDI)

• Measures each country's progress toward democratic governance through multiple variables– Governance – Freedom– HDI– Religious liberty. – Economic Freedom

SDI….

• Only three of these countries—Mali, Guyana, and Suriname, together representing less than 1 percent of the Muslims present in the survey group—are considered full democracies. (Pakistan)

• The rest of the countries in the index are considered partial democracies or partial autocracies, with four countries—Chad, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Uzbekistan, together representing almost 20 percent of the population—being full autocracies

• Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa is the exception rather than the rule

Guns and Butter

• Countries must determine how much of their money to spend on guns—order and security—and butter, that is, spending that enhances social harmony and economic prosperity. The Status of Democracy Index score serves to illustrate the guns versus butter dilemma.

Analysis

• The greater percentage of Muslims a country had relative to its overall population, the lower its SDI score

• The higher a country's GDP per capita, the lower its SDI score

• The greater percentage of a country's GDP that is devoted to military expenditures, the lower its SDI score

• The greater a country's military expenditure percentage, the lower its SDI

• The greater the percentage of the GDP that is devoted to its military expenditures

FUTURE

Challenges faced by Muslim Ummah

• Illiteracy• Terrorism• Poverty-HDI• Autocracy-SDI• Far behind in Science

and Technology• No Veto Powers

• Concentration of wealth• Redefining the role of

women• Lack of Institutional

Ijtehad• Occupied Lands• War ridden Economies

Causes of Debacles:

• Forgetting Shariah• Materialism• Internal conflicts-Division

– Nationalism -Regionalism (Arab, Non Arab or Arab, African)– Sectarian

• Internal and International conspiracies• Illiteracy, poverty and conservatism• Leaving Jihad and spirituality

Cont…

• Acting off beam philosophies including deen-eIlahi, Wahdat-ul-Wujood, Mootazilla

• Aqeedat and Taqleed, Khangahi approach• Irrational customs-Innovations and Biddat• Traitor

– 1757, Battle Palassi, Nawab Siraj-ud-Dola– 1799, Saranga Patam, Tipu Sultan– 1857, Dehli, Bahadur Shah Zafar– 1739, Sultan Nizam-ul-Mulk

• Meer Jaffar was traitor of Tipu Sultan and Meer Sadiq was traitorof Sultan Nizam-ul-Mulk

Responsibilities of Ummah:

• Understanding, implementation and

preaching of shariah- Religious

• Establishment of Khilafat/Shariah-Political

• Jihad-Economic

• Ijtehad-Educational

Recommendations• Attainment of Veto power by Muslim countries• Islamic banking system, which ensures a system of interest

and exploitation free principles• Effective Political role of OIC • Collective media of all countries to protect Muslim world• Common currency• Less reliance on USD• Common trade market• Common court of justice• Institutional Ijtehad• Development of Science and Technology

Problems in implementing solutions

• Linguistic issues• Inter and intra country Economic disparity • Leadership crises– Political, military and economic strengths are

distributed. Iran is politically strong, Pakistan had influential military, and KSA is economically rich, Together Muslim world can bring revolution

• Disparity between population and physical area

Challenges Faced by Muslim Ummah

Political Problems • Territorial Disputes• Ethnic Clashes• Dictatorships• Monarchies• Fragile Political Governments

Challenges Faced by Muslim Ummah

Economic Problems • Muslims Represents 1/5th of World’s Population,

Possess 70% of World’s Energy Resources, 40% of available raw material

• The Total GDP of Muslim Countries = 5% of World’s GDP

• Entire GDP of OIC States = 1200 Billion US $ and Japan = 5500 Billion US $

Challenges Faced by Muslim Ummah

Social Problems • Nationalism and Sectarianism• Jihad and Terrorism• Absorption of Foreign Culture• Clash of Civilization

Challenges Faced by Muslim Ummah

Educational Decay• Lack of Creativity and Innovation• Failure to Promote Technical Education• Failure to Educate Women

Conclusion

• According to the Question• Good Governance Models of – Pakistan-Army and Nuke– Turkey- Modernization– Iran-Oil and Political Will– KSA_ Religion and Economy– Malaysia-Development and Governance