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Dr. Safaa Hameed Faisal Power Plant Engineering Lectures-5- Operation Principle of Impulse Steam Tu rines!  Motive power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change in m omentum of a jet of steam flowing on a curved blade which is free to rotate.  Firstly, the steam is expanded in a nozzle, resulting in a high velocity jet. This jet of steam flows on the moving blades, mounted on a shaft. Here it undergoes a change of direction andor magnitude of motion which gives rise to a change in momentum and therefore a force  !onsider a stationary a curved blade as shown b elow. " jet with a velocity i C  flows on the blade. The  jet leaves the blade with a velocity  e C . The magnitude of velocity vector remains unchanged if the flow cross sectional area and density remain unchanged. However, the direction changes through #$% degrees. i e  C C  − =  "pplying &ewton's second law of motion on the stream jet, we have( ) * ) * out i out in  x  C m C m  M  M  F    − − + = − = ∑  +here(  M is the momentum rate.  o the exerted force will be( i  x  C m  F   - + =  However, th is force cannot develop any motive power because the blade is fixed. T hat is mean if we attach the blade to a shaft and mae it free to rotate, then useful can be obtained. o, suppose the blade moves at velocity b C  then we have these cases( #. /f the blad e velocity i s larger th an jet veloc ity , then th ere is no effe ct of the jet on the bl ade. -. /f the blad e velocity i s lower than je t velocity , then the ef fectiv e velocity o f the jet on the bla de is e0ual to b i  C C  −  which is called the relative velocity  r C . 1 i C e C High velocity steam or gas ) - * i  x  C m  F   =  x  y  x  F 

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