WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION

•My presentation is on the usage and application of solar power panels to provide electricity. •What I aim to investigate is how solar power installed in 3 schools will help improve the quality of education in Tanzania.•The research involved 3 schools, located in Dar Es Salaam municipality.Mugabe Primary SchoolMashujaa Primary SchoolUbungo Primary School

EDUCATION SYSTEM IN TANZANIA

Education system in Tanzania follows the sequence on the right.More than 50% of children in Tanzania, do not go beyond primary school level.Primary cause: by poor exam performance.My research main questions is “how would access to electricity change these outcomes?”Survey questions:

http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/SK9Z65M

CHILDREN INTERVIEWED

•Aged between 12 years and 17 years•All children live with parents or relatives.•Out of 15 children interviewed, 12 live with electricity in their houses.•Students interviewed are in Standard 6 and Standard 7

TEACHERS INTERVIEWED

Their level of education is form four to form six plus teachers training.Most of the teachers have been teaching between 5 years and 33 years.They teach between 3 hours to 7 hours a day.Each class has an average of 50 students.

RESULTS OF THE SURVEY-STUDENTS

Absence of electricity in the classes is limiting students in several ways:1. There is no availability

of laboratories. Practical learning does not exist. Students like to learn with practice.

2. During rainy season (4 months every yr), it gets too dark in the classes. No lights available to help with reading during this time.

3. Because there is no lights in classes, students can not organize themselves for extra classes past 5pm. It gets too dark to read. Students unable to study past sunset

4. It is not easy to arrange for group discussions within the school compound after normal class hours .

AS A RESULT……….

As a result of the above, during classes most students are:•Sleepy•Tired•Hot•Uncomfortable•Unhappy•Poor performance

RESULTS OF SURVEY-TEACHERS

Sometimes it gets too dark to be able to read and write on the board.There is no fans in the classes, classes often become too hot.Because there is no electricity, teachers can not use teaching aids—radios, TV, projectors.

AS A RESULT……..

As a result of no electricity in classes, the following happens to teachers:1. Teachers get sick from

chalk dusts2. Heat makes the

teachers tired and sleep

3. It is difficult to teach to their full capacity without teaching aids.

4. Can not offer extra assistance to students after classes because of darkness.

THIS IS HOW ELECTRICITY WILL HELP…….. All the students repeatedly emphasized the

importance of light during classes and after. • They will be able to read before classes begin in

the morning and after classes in the evening.• They will be able to experiment what is being

taught in classes using labs.• They will be happy and comfortable during class

hours.• They will be able to use computers, radios, TV

etc.

THE BEAUTY OF SOLAR POWER

Not only will solar power enable to brighten the future of these young minds of Tanzania, but it has several advantages over other electricity.• They have high net energy yield• They can work on cloudy days• Their installation is quick and easily expanded or moved.• They have no CO2 emissions and low environmental impact• They last for 20-40 years, low land use and they reduce

dependence on fossil fuels

SOLAR POWER IN TANZANIA

In Tanzania, solar power information is available through TASEA

Distribution of solar products by ENSOL.

PRODUCTS FROM ENSOLENSOL (T) LTD, P.O.BOX 42227 DAR ES SALAAM

PHONE:0222450468 EMAIL SOLARTZ@YAHOO.COM WEB: WWW.ENSOL.CO.TZ

FOR PRIMARY SCHOOLS TO HAVE ELECTRICITY….

For a class of 50 students to have…

…..it will cost in Tshs

Equivalent in USD

4 lights, a radio and charge phone

538,000 375

6 lights, radio and charge a phone

716,000 499

8 lights, radio and charge a phone

1,283,000 894

4 lights, radio, charge a phone & watch TV 14”

1,360,000 948

6 lights, radio, charge phone, watch TV 14”

1,721,000 1199

8 lights, radio, charge phone and TV 21”

2,328,000 1622

10 lights, radio, charge phone, TV and iron (30min)

7,425,000 5174

CONCLUSION• There is no doubt that provision of electricity in primary schools in

Tanzania will improve the standard and quality of education. The results of the survey more than tell us so.

• Usage of solar is sustainable, affordable and environmentally friendly. See table on next slide.

• Long terms benefits of solar electricity in these schools to the society and economy include:

Prevention of early and childhood marriages (females who do not continue with secondary education are forced to get married early)

Reduction in drugs use and theft due to unemployment Increase literacy will increase the economic status of the country (adult

literacy) There is more ongoing solar programs being funded for rural Tanzania http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-12/26/content_12705203.htm?

utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter Students and teachers have shown the willingness to contribute for the

cause if the need ever arises. The government is changing its role in education from being the key

facilitator by encouraging investment in education.

TOTAL COSTS OF ELECTRICITY FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES (IN US CENTS PER KILO WATT-HOUR)

Electricity source

Generating Costs

Environmental Costs

Total Costs

Wind 4.7- 6.3 0.1 – 0.3 4.8 – 6.6

Geothermal 4.8 1.0 (approx) 5.8

Hydropower 4.9 – 8.5 0.3 – 1.1 5.2 – 9.6

Natural Gas 5.2 – 6.5 1.1 – 4.5 6.3 – 11.0

Biomass 5.5 – 6.4 1.0 – 3.4 6.5 – 9.8

Nuclear 5.9 – 12.0 0.2 – 0.7 6.1 – 12.7

Coal 4.5 – 5.4 3.0 – 17.0 7.5 – 22.4

Solar Cells 12.4- 26.0 0.7 13.1 – 26.7

CONCLUSION

Limitations of solar power• As seen on slide 12, initial costs if

producing solar electricity are expensive.• Solar power is expensive because in other

forms of electricity, environmental costs are not included.

With increased research and development solar power will be able to produce 16% more electricity globally by 2040 than the 2% it is producing now.

SOLAR FOR A BRIGHTER FUTURE TANZANIA

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!

questions and comments???

SOURCES

Living in the Environment – Concepts Connections and Solutions. 2009. G. Miller and S. Spoolman.

Tanzania National Website,accessed on 7th June 2010http://www.tanzania.go.tz/educationf.htmlExchange rate webiste, accesed on 7th June 2010Survey Monkey, accesed 7th June 2010https://www.surveymonkey.com/MySurveys.aspx