Control system engineering have a very vast scope in different industries mostly its implementation lies in linear system and automation some of other areas of interest are given below :

Aerospace Marine systems Communication systems Transportation and vehicles Bio Medical

The aerospace applications of control engineering is intended to highlight the important themes of modeling, uncertainty and how feedback is used to shape Dynamic Performances of the Aircraft.

This Application shows how closed loop response can be shaped by feedback to enable the pilot to better control the aircraft and is also interesting because the Pilot himself is a part of closed loop system.

The second Application concerns aero engine control. The primary purpose of the control system is to provide thrust as commanded by the throttle while avoiding constraints (temperatures, pressures) that might cause damage to the engine. Because thrust is not directly measured but is rather computed from available temperature, pressure and spool speed measurements, the closed loop response is sensitive to certain aspects of model uncertainty. This example illustrates both the advantages and potential pitfalls of closed loop control.

The third Application investigates active control of combustion within the aero engine. The process of combustion can, in certain modes of operation, excite unmodeled and undesirable dynamics within the combustion chamber potentially causing physical damage. This Application illustrates the importance and usefulness of reduced order modeling and how it provides insight to the control system designer into how the overall design might be corrected through redesign or closed loop feedback

The first Application in Marine systems is related to „Derive control plant models by post processing data from hydrodynamic codes from Matlab GNC toolbox. In this we use system identification to fit hydrodynamic data to state-space models. Add viscous effects/maneuvering terms Time-domain simulation in Matlab Simulink.

The second Application is related to Modeling and control in which System designers make decisions to satisfy conflicting requirements based on some knowledge of the system they intend to design: this knowledge is represented in a mathematical model.

Modeling is an essential part of control design and preliminary testing, which can consume up to 60% of effort in these tasks.

The third Application is related to Modeling of Marine Structure in which Models of marine structures are complex. Control engineers often base their models on models used by naval architects, which sometimes are not control-design oriented. In this Application, we will look at the models commonly used in naval architecture and ship theory from the control system’s prospective

As communication system are both guided and unguided so therefore, it has applications in both wired and wireless communication systems.

The First Application is related to Control System design for Unreliable Control Systems in which Lost, delayed or corrupted data leads to additional uncertainty in networked control systems such as Smart Grid phase synchronization over wide geographical areas, as well as closed loop control over local wireless networks. Robust algorithms for state and parameter estimation for sensor and actuator data received through wireless communication are essential, with dedicated functionality to accommodate and estimate uncertainty

New robust PID-type decentralized control algorithms are needed to monitor and adapt to the status of the communication network while gracefully degrading performance when needed.

The second Application is based on integrated design of wireless communication and control systems

Wireless communications provides a potential way to free control system designers of excessive and costly communication system cabling. However, a radio communication system supporting large numbers of sensors and actuators operates in a communication context, where dynamically changing propagation conditions and interference are common. Nevertheless, the system should be able to support the control system operation by providing a sufficient throughput, reliable and low latency communication capability

The fundamental interactions between the communication and control systems, and the behavior of both in relation to the other, are of significant interest

Control engineering have a vast Application in the industry of transportation and vehicles designing and manufacturing.

Its First Application is based on the study of noise correction and acousticsdesigns it deals with the Implementation of noise control treatments in Vehicles designing and transportation Noise control treatments also includes Source Eliminate the source, Select quieter equipment, Replace or repair. Path Airborne noise,Barriers,Absorbers Structure-borne noise Vibration isolators Vibration dampers

Another Application is related to Aero dynamical structure, modeling, system identification & rotor dynamics.

The current research focus is directed towards CO2 reduction in transport through: improvements in energy conversion efficiency in both IC and jet engines, through ‘light-weighting’, and through drag-reduction technologies via CFD. For the DCV Subgroup, this means reducing vehicle CO2 emissions by improving power train and vehicle efficiencies, particularly of IC engines in conventional and hybrid electric vehicles; by better understanding of vehicle-body and engine vibration characteristics and noise emissions, to allow weight reduction; and by improving the ability to simulate realistic turbulent flows

In Biomedical Industries Controlled systems have following Applications:

Biomechatronics - is an applied interdisciplinary science aiming to integrate mechanical elements, electronics and parts of biological organisms. Biomechatronics includes aspects of biology, mechanics and electronics. It also encompasses the fields of robotics and neuroscience. The goal of these experiments is to make devices interact with human muscle, skeleton, and nervous systems. The end result is the devices will help with human motor control lost or impaired by trauma, disease or birth defects.

Bioinstrumentation- is the application of electronics and measurement techniques to develop devices used in diagnosis and treatment of disease. Computers are an essential part of bioinstrumentation, from the microprocessor in a single-purpose instrument used to do a variety of small tasks to the microcomputer needed to process the large amount of information in a medical imaging system.

Biomechanics- applies classical mechanics (statics, dynamics, fluids, solids, thermodynamics, and continuum mechanics) to biological or medical problems. It includes the study of motion, material deformation, flow within the body and in devices, and transport of chemical constituents across biological and synthetic media and membranes. Progress in biomechanics has led to the development of the artificial heart and heart valves, artificial joint replacements, as well as a better understanding of the function of the heart and lung, blood vessels and capillaries, and bone, cartilage, intervertebral discs, ligaments and tendons of the musculoskeletal systems.

Clinical Engineering - is the application of technology to health care in hospitals. The clinical engineer is a member of the health care team along with physicians, nurses and other hospital staff. Clinical engineers are responsible for developing and maintaining computer databases of medical instrumentation and equipment records and for the purchase and use of sophisticated medical instruments. They may also work with physicians to adapt instrumentation to the specific needs of the physician and the hospital. This often involves the interface of instruments with computer systems and customized software for instrument control and data acquisition and analysis. Clinical engineers are involved with the application of the latest technology to health care.

M. Umair Iqbal BEES/S11/0124 Usama Waseem Khan BEES/S11/0167 M. Aqib Hameed BEES/S11/0127 M. Nauman Umar BEES/S11/0134 Hira Zahoor BEME/F08/0114