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Myanmar-Cambodia-Lao PDR

World Bank Priorities

February 2018Tokyo, Japan

Trends in Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in

Myanmar, Cambodia and Lao PDR

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GDP

per

capi

ta (U

S$)

Poverty rate (US$1.90 per day PPP)

Source: World Bank

Peaceful and Prosperous

Societies

Human Capital Development

Private Sector Growth &

Competitiveness

Effective Local & State Institutions

Environment, Climate Change

& Natural Resource Mgt

Rural Development and Resilience

Summary of Strategic Priorities for Myanmar, Cambodia & Lao PDR Country Management Unit

Effectiveness of State and Local Institutions World Governance Indicators, 2016

Indicator Country Year

Voice and Accountability East Asia & Pacific 2016Cambodia 2016Lao PDR 2016Myanmar 2016

Government Effectiveness East Asia & Pacific 2016Cambodia 2016Lao PDR 2016Myanmar 2016

Regulatory Quality East Asia & Pacific 2016Cambodia 2016Lao PDR 2016Myanmar 2016

Rule of Law East Asia & Pacific 2016Cambodia 2016Lao PDR 2016Myanmar 2016

Control of Corruption East Asia & Pacific 2016Cambodia 2016Lao PDR 2016Myanmar 2016

Percentile Rank (0 to 100)

Fiscal management, PFM, PAR, D&D, institution-building……but also social accountability, citizen engagement, 3rd party monitoring (ICT enabled)

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Cambodia: DB Ranking 2017 Lao PDR: DB Ranking 2017Myanmar: DB Ranking 2017

Private Sector Growth and Competitiveness

Myanmar: Competitiveness 2016 Cambodia: Competitiveness 2016 Lao PDR: Competitiveness 2016

Infrastructure for Competitiveness and Growth

Myanmar

Vietnam

Lao

Cambodia

Indonesia

Philippines

Thailand

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0Air t

rans

port

, reg

iste

red

carr

ier d

epar

ture

s wor

ldw

ide

per ‘

000,

000

popu

latio

n

Liner shipping connectivity index (maximum value in 2004 = 100)

Transport Connectivity

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Country Percent of urban population living in slums

Urban slumpopulation (millions)

Cambodia 55.1 1.7

Lao PDR 42.7 0.8

Myanmar 41.0 7.3

China 25.2 191.1

Indonesia 21.8 29.2

Philippines 38.3 17.0

Vietnam 27.2 8.2

Urban Population Living in Slum Areas (2014)

Source: UN, 2014

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Human Capital Development: Overcoming Malnutrition and Providing Quality Social Services

China, 9%

Vietnam, 25%

Cambodia, 32%

Indonesia, 37%

Lao PDR, 44%

Myanmar, 29%

Philippines, 33%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

% o

f chi

ldre

n un

der 5

who

are

stun

ted

Stunting rates are falling, but remain around 30-44 percent in all three countries

Source: WDI

10%

32% 33%

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%

Myanmar,Grade 2

Lao, Grade 2 Cambodia,Grade 2

Percent of second graders who could not read a single word

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Agric

ultu

ral V

alue

Add

ed (%

of T

otal

)

Agricultural Employment (% of Total)

Agri-Based

Pre-Transition

Urbanizing Transition

Developed

Agricultural supply growth –Basic rural infrastructure and

agricultural services, Uptake of improved inputs, slow

improvement in extension services.

AgBiz Growth – increased scale, knowledge-based farming; mechanization;

contract farming, sustainable commodities

Expanding Export Markets –food safety, international standards,

processed foods, gradual urbanization

Agricultural productivity and diversification—Market linkages;

Core SPS services; Meeting changing urban consumption patterns; Attracting private

investment

Myanmar

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LAO PDR

Cambodia

Agricultural Transformation

Rural Development and Resilience: Enhancing Agricultural Productivity, Adding Value, Expanding Export

Markets

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Climate Vulnerability and Readiness Index 2015

Myanmar, Cambodia and Lao: scoring high on vulnerability, low on readiness for climate resilience compared globally.

Source: ND GAIN index, 2015

Climate Vulnerability and Readiness Index 1996

Environment, Climate Change and Readiness for Natural Disasters

Vuln

erab

ility

Vuln

erab

ility

ReadinessReadiness

Promoting Peaceful and Prosperous Societies – A case of widespread and persistent conflict in Myanmar’s border states

Source: “ The Contested Areas of Myanmar” The Asia Foundation, October 2017

Countrywide :– More than 1/3 of Myanmar’s townships are

conflict-affected; approximately 25% of the population

– More than 20 separate Ethnic Armed Organizations– 100,000 Internally Displaced People; 100,000+

refugees in Thailand and China (excluding recent Rakhine refugees)

Rakhine:• 688,000+ Rohingya refugees displaced to Bangladesh• ~30,000 internally displaced persons• Widespread alleged human rights abuses (e.g. murder,

rape, arson)• Government-led relief effort with Red Cross

Movement support• Limited access for humanitarian actors, media

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Priorities in IDA Portfolios (by Commitment Amount)

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• Current IDA portfolio: About 77 percent of our IDA portfolio is in Myanmar (USD 2.1billion), while 14 percent is in Lao PDR (USD 369 million) and 9 percent in Cambodia (USD250 million).

• IFC’s committed investment portfolio: in Myanmar (USD 1.2 billion); in Cambodia (USD264 million); and in Lao PDR (USD 40.1 million).

Environment & Natural Resources

24%

Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience

16%

Energy & Extractives

15%

Water14%

Health, Nutrition & Population

10%Education

8%

Transport & Digital Development

7%

Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation

5%

Macroeconomics, Trade and

Investment1%

Lao PDR

Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience

32%

Transport & Digital Development

24%

Education16%

Health, Nutrition & Population

12%

Agriculture10% Water

6%

Cambodia

Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience

39%

Energy & Extractives

26%

Macroeconomics, Trade and

Investment10%

Agriculture5%

Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation

5%

Health, Nutrition & Population

5%

Water5%

Education4%Transport & Digital Development

1%

Myanmar

New IDA Lending in 2018-2020

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Fiscal Year Country Project Name IDA Amount ($m)

FY18

Cambodia Higher Education Improvement Project 90Road Asset Management Project II Additional Financing 110

Cambodia Total 200

Lao PDR

Additional Financing for Mekong Integrated Water Resources (Approved) 25

Southeast Asia Disaster Risk Management Project (Approved) 30

Additional Financing to Lao PDR Health Governance and Nutrition (Approved) 10

Agriculture Competitiveness Project 25National Road 13 Improvement and Maintenance 40

Lao PDR Total 130

Myanmar Additional Financing: Essential Health Services Access Project 100Inclusive Access and Quality Education project 100

Myanmar Total 200FY18 TOTAL 530

FY19

Cambodia

Agricultural Sector Diversification Project 90Cambodia Nutrition Project 15Integrated Landscape and Natural Resources Management 60Small-Town Water Supply and Sanitation Improvement Project 50

Cambodia Total 215

Lao PDR

Competitiveness and Trade Project 10Reducing Rural Poverty and Malnutrition Project 25

Sustainable Energy and Extractives Development Technical Assistance 20

Water Supply and Sanitation Project 25Laos - Vietnam Interconnector Project 20

Disaster Risk Management Development Policy Operation (CAT DDO) 10

Lao PDR Total 110

Myanmar

Investing in Nutrition for Growth and Development in Myanmar 100Trade and Private Sector Competitiveness Project 200Power System Energy Efficiency Improvement Project 160National Food and Agriculture Systems Project 100

Myanmar Total 560FY19 TOTAL 885

FY20 Lao PDR Health and Nutrition Services Access Project 15FY20 TOTAL 15

GRAND TOTAL 1430

THANK YOU VERY MUCH

どうもありがとうございました

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