Myology shandong university Liu Zhiyu Slide 2 smooth m. cardiac
m. skeleton m. skeletal musclevoluntary m. Section 1. Introduction
Slide 3 . Shape and structure of the muscle long m. short m. flat
m. orbicular m. 1. Classification Slide 4 Shape and structure of
the muscle 2. Structure muscle belly tendon aponeurosis Slide 5 .
Origin and insertion 1 2 Origin insertion 3 agonist synergist
antagonist fixator Slide 6 . Name of muscles Location of the
muscle. Shape of the muscle. Size of the muscle Direction of muscle
Slide 7 ) fascia 1 superficial fascia . Accessory structure Slide 8
2 deep fascia synovial bursa Slide 9 fibrous layer Synovial layer
synovial sheath of tendon Tendinous sheath Viscerasl layer Parietal
layer Slide 10 Section2 The muscles of head and neck Slide 11 . The
muscles of head Slide 12 Muscles of head Facial muscles : includ
Epicranius (or occipitofrontalis) Frontal belly Occipital belly
Galea aponeurotica Orbicularis oculi Buccinator Orbicularis oris
Nasalis Slide 13 Frontal belly of occitofrontalis orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris Levator anguli oris Levator labii superioris
Depressor labii inferioris Depressor anguli oris Slide 14
masticatory muscles masseter Origin inferior border and medial
surface of zygomatic arch Insertion lateral surface of ramus of
mandible and angle of mandible temporalis Origin temporal fossa
Insertion coronoid process of mandible action masseter, temporalis
--- elevates mandible close the mouth Slide 15 masticatory muscles
action medial pterygoid --- elevates mandibleclose the mouth
lateral pterygoid pull the head of mandible forwards--- open the
mouth medial pterygoid lateral pterygoid Slide 16 . Muscles of neck
Slide 17 Sternocleidomastoid Platysma Origins: manubrium and
medial1/3 of clavicle Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone;
Actions: acting alone, the head is inclined ipsilateral and the
face is rotated to opposite side; acting together, they extend the
head. Slide 18 1 suprahyoid muscles Mylohyoid Stylohyoid Geniohyoid
Action: elevate (raise) hyoid bone and depress mandible. Anterior
belly Posterior belly digastric Slide 19 sternohyoid omohyoid
sternothyroid Thyrohyoid Action: depress hyoid or larynx 2
infrahyoid muscles Slide 20 1 lateral goup scalenus anterior
scalenus medius scalenus posterior 2 medial group longus colli
longus capitis scalene fissure it is bounded by the scalenus
anterior and medius and first rib it contains the subclavian a and
brachial plexus. The deep cervical m. Slide 21 section 3 The
muscles of trunk Slide 22 . The muscles of back Slide 23 1
Trapezius a large, triangular m. lying on the back of the neck and
thorax; Origin: external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal
line, ligamentum nuchae, the spinous processes of 7 th cervical
vertebrae and all thoracic vertebrae; trapezius 1 superficial group
Insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula.
Slide 24 1 Trapezius trapezius 1 superficial group Action raises,
descends, and rotates the scapula and extends the head. Slide 25 2
Latissimus Dorsi It is a largest and triangular m. lying the back
and lateral wall of thorax; Origins: the spinous processes of lower
6 thoracic vertebrae and all lumbar vertebrae; Insertion : inserted
into the floor of the intertubercular sulcus Action: Extend, adduct
and rotate the shoulder joint medially Latissimus dorsi 1
superficial group Slide 26 Levator scapulae Rhomboideus 3 levator
scapulae origin the transverse processes of the upper 4 cervical
vertebrae; insertion superior angle of scapula. Action raise the
scapula. 4 rhomboideus Lies deep to the trapezius 1 superficial
group Slide 27 2 The deep group position It lies in the vertebral
groove on each side of vertebral spines; Action extend the spinal
column and head Splenius position Action Erector Spinae Slide 28 .
The muscles of thorax Slide 29 1. Extrinsic muscles Pectoralis
major Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior Slide 30 Pectoralis major
Origin: medial half of clavicle,sternum,1th-6th costal cartilages.
Insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus. Action: flexes,
adducts and rotates arm medially; arm fixed, elevates trunk;
elevates ribs 1-6,aidding in forced inspiration. Slide 31
Pectoralis minor Deep to the pectoralis major Origin: 3rd-5th ribs
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula Action: Draw the scapula
forwards and downwards,when the scapula is fixed it helps the
inspiration(by elevation the ribs) Slide 32 Serratus anterior It
overlies the laeral wall of thorax Origin: external surfaces of the
upper 8~9 ribs Insertion: medial border of scapula Action: holds
the scapula against the chest wall Pulls the scapula forwards in
throwing and pushing. Slide 33 Intercostales externi Origin: lower
border of rib Insertion: upper border of rib below origin external
intercostals membrane. Action: elevate ribs adding in forced
inspiration 2. Intrinsic muscles Slide 34 Origin: upper border of
rib Insertion: lower border of rib above origin Replaced
posteriorly by internal intercostals membrane. Action: depress ribs
for forced expiration Intercostales interni Slide 35 (1) Position
and division : dome-shaped between thorax and abdomen, consists of
Central tendon muscular part . Diaphragm Sternal part: Costal part:
Lumbar part: arises by left and right crus from upper 2-3 lumbar
vertebrae Insertion : central tendon Slide 36 (2) Openings of
diaphragm Aortic hiatus at the level of 12th thoracic vertebra, the
thoracic aorta and thoracic duct pass through it Esophageal hiatus
at the level of 10th thoracic vertebra, the esophagus and vagus n.
pass throught it Vena caval foramen at the level of 8th thoracic
vertebra, inferior vena cava through it T8 T10 T12 inferior vena
cava esophagus thoracic aorta Slide 37 (3) Action Contraction: the
dome moving downward, increases the volume of thoracic cavity which
results in inspiration. Relaxation: the dome returns to the former
position, reduces the volume of the thoracic cavity, resulting in
expiration. Slide 38 (2) Weak areas: triangular spaces without
muscular tissue Lumbocostal triangle between costal and lumbar
parts. Sternocostal triangle between costal and sternal parts.
Slide 39 Muscles of abdomen Anterolateral group Obliquus externus
abdominis Obliquus internus abdominis Transversus abdominis Rectus
abdominis Slide 40 Obliquus externus abdominis Origin: Arises from
the lower 8 ribs, and the muscular fibers run obliquely from the
superolateal to the inferomedial, the anterior part of the m.
change gradually into aponeurosis, which pass over the rectus
Abdominis; insertion: Linea alba. Slide 41 Obliquus externus
absominis Structures formed by aponeurosis of this m. include
Inguinal ligament Superficial inguinal ring triangular-shaped
hiatus above pubic tubercle Lacunar ligament Superficial inguinal
ring Lacunar ligament Slide 42 Obliquus internus abdominis Origin:
thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and the lateral half of the
ingunal lig. Insertion: Linea alba The muscular fibers run upwards
and forwards, and become the aponeurosis close the lateral border
of the rectus abdominis. Its aponeurosis divided into two layers to
inclose the rectus abdominis. Slide 43 Transversels abdominis
Origin: it arises from the costal cartilages of the lower 6 ribs
the thoracolumbar fascia, the iliac crest and the lateral 1/3 of
the ingunal lig., is the deepest one of the three flat abdominal m.
Insertion : Linea alba The muscular fibers run transversly,and pass
deep to rectus abdominis. Slide 44 Inguinal falx(conjoined tendon)
or is a common aponeurosis joined by obliquus internus abdominis
and transverse abdomini, it turns downwards to insert the pubic
crest and pecten pubis. Cremaster : around the spermatic cord and
testis Transversels abdominis Slide 45 The Sheath of rectus
abdominis Anterior layer formed by the aponeurosis of obliquus
externus abdominis anterior leaf of aponeurosis of obliquus
internus abdominis Posterior layer formed by posterion leaf of
aponeurosis of obliquus internus abdominis aponeurosis of
transverses abdominis Slide 46 The Sheath of rectus abdominis
arcuate line semicircular line at about 4-5cm below the umbilicus,
the lower free border of the posterior layer of the sheth present
arcuated. Below this line the rectus abdominis in contact with
transverse fascia directly. Slide 47 Linea alba tendinous raphe
between right and left rectus abdominis from xiphoid process to
pubic symphysis. Slide 48 The functions of the four pairs of
muscles Support and protect the abdominal viscera Maintain and
increase intra- abdominal pressure, aid in vomiting, coughing,
sneezing, defecation, urination and childbirth. Flex, lateral flex,
and rotate vertebral column Slide 49 Posterior group Quadratus
lumborum Psoas major Slide 50 Inguinal canal Position: oblique
passage about 4cm long, and passes downwards and medially, it lies
parallel to, and immediately above medial half of inguinal lig. It
has two openings and four walls. Slide 51 Four walls Anterior wall
Aponeurosis of obliquus externus abdominis Obliquus internus
abdominis (lateral third of wall) Slide 52 Post wall Transverse
fascia Inguinal flax medially Roof lower fibers of obliquus
internus and transversus abdominis Floor inguinal ligament Slide 53
Two openings Superficial inguinal ring Deep inguinal ring defect in
transverse fascia lies at about 1.5cm above midpoint of inguinal
ligament Slide 54 Structures passing through the inguinal canal
Male : Spermatic cord female: Round ligament of uterus Slide 55
Slide 56 Slide 57 Slide 58 Slide 59 Slide 60
