Namāz of Mo’min Chapter 07 The Five Daily Namāzes

8/3/2019 Namz of Momin Chapter 07 The Five Daily Namzes

1/45

Chapter: 7

The Five Daily Namzes

Rules and Regulations

Pertaining to

Namz of Momin

(A comprehensive guide)


2/45

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes

(Qr'n Shareef, Soorah: 4 An-Nis, Verse: 103)

Regular alt (namz) have been made obligatory at the fixedtimings for all the believers (Mslims).

174


3/45

Namz of Momin

Contents1. Namz-e Faj'r

1.1 Permissible timings1.2 Divine excellences1.3 Snnat-e Faj'r1.4 Qa1.5 Ibdat at sunrise1.6 Miscellaneous issues

177-185

177179180181185185

2. Namz-e oh'r2.1Permissible timings

2.2Divine excellences

2.3Miscellaneous issues

186-196186193

194

3. Namz-e A'r3.1Permissible timings3.2Divine excellences

3.3 Ibdat at sunset3.4Qa and naf'l namz after namz-e A'r3.5Miscellaneous issues

197-201197199199200200

4. Namz-e Maghrib

4.1 Permissible timings4.2Divine excellences4.3Miscellaneous issues

201-205201202202

5. Namz-e Ish5.1Permissible timings5.2Divine excellences5.3Snnat-e ghair-makkadah namz5.4Vit'r namz5.5Vit'r of masbooq5.6Qa namz5.7Naf'l namz5.8Miscellaneous issues

206-211206206207208210210211211

6. Tarvee namz

7. Mstaab and supererogatory namzes7.1Tahajjd namz

7.2alatl Ishrq7.3Namz-e Chsht

212

213-214213

214214

175


4/45


7.4altl Auvbeen 214

N a m z C h a r tFaj'r oh'r A'r Maghrib Ish

Jmah

Snnat-e Makkadah(Snnat-e Qabliah)

2 4 - - - 4

Snnat-e Ghair-Makkadah

(Snnat-e Qabliah)

- - 4 - 4 -

Far 2 4 4 3 4 2

Snnat-e Makkadah(Snnat-e Badiyah)

- 2 - 2 2 4+2

Naf'l - 2 - 2 2+2 2

Vjib (Vit'r) - - - - 3 -

Total Rakats 4 12 8 7 17 14

Eidain: Two rakats vjib with six extra takbeers.

No azn and no iqmat for Eidain namz.

No naf'l namz before or after Eidain namz.

No Eid namz for women.

Tarvee: Twenty rakats snnat-e makkadah for men and women during

the month of Ramn to be performed after the far and snnat

of ish namz and before vit'r namz.

Namz-ejanzah :

With four takbeers

No azn and no iqmat for namz-e janzah

No rakats in namz-e janzah.

176


5/45

Namz of Momin

For those who have yearning desire to draw near to Allh

, there is no finer means of drawing close than theperformance of religious duties (alts) prescribed by Allh .

It is far for every Mslim who is sane and has reached theage of puberty to perform five daily namzes. When a prayertime comes, it becomes far for him/her to perform thatparticular namz. If the prayer time is over before he/she hasperformed it without a good excuse of not doing so, he/she willhave committed a grave sin. Whether he/she has had a goodexcuse or not, qa will be necessary.

In this chapter, we will go through issues pertaining to fivedaily namzes and few mstaab and supererogatory namzes.

1. Morning namz (namz-e faj'r):

Permissible timings Divine excellences

Snnat-e faj'r Qa Ibdat at sunrise Miscellaneous issues

1.1 Permissible timings:

Permissible time for faj'r namz is from dawn tosunrise. Dawn is the first appearance of light in the skybefore sunrise in the east.

Minimum duration for faj'r namz: 1 hour 18 minutes

177


6/45


Maximum duration for faj'r namz: 1 hour 35 minutes Following table shows change in namz-e faj'r duration

(Reference: Bahr-e Shariat III/18):

No. When Duration Gradual change

What happens?1 21 March 1 hour 18 minutes Increases2 22 June 1 hour 35 minutes Decreases3 22 September 1 hour 18 minutes Increases4 22 December 1 hour 24 minutes Decreases5 21 March 1 hour 18 minutes Increases

Postscript:

Timings shown in the above table is meant for BareillyShareef and nearby areas, which are situated in thesame latitude on longitude as of Bareilly Shareef.

Timings will differ for other places.

1.1.1 Issue: For gents, namz-e faj'r should beperformed in the later phase of thepermissible duration. It should be delayedtill incipient gleam spread all over theground and clear visualization is possible.(Raddl-Mtr)

1.1.2 Issue: For gents, timing for namz-e faj'rshould be fixed in such a way that 40 to60 verses can be recited slowly andsystemically. Further, after accomplishingnamz enough time must remain so thenamz in question can be repeated if it isruined due to any undue error. (Drr-eMkhtr, Fatv Raaviyyah-II/365)

1.1.3 Issue: For ladies, it is desirable to performnamz-e faj'r in early phase of thepermissible duration. As far as rests of thenamzes are concerned, it is better to waittill gents have accomplished theircongregational namz. (Drr-e Mkhtr,Fatv Raaviyyah-II /366)

1.1.4 Issue: It is makrooh to delay performanceof namz-e faj'r up to such an extent that

doubt arises in mind about sunrise.(lam-geeri, Bahr-e Shariat)

178


7/45

Namz of Momin

1.1.5 Issue: Suppose a person requires ahrat(purity) for performance of namz and ifhe goes to take bath, there are all chances

of missing the namz-faj'r. At this junctureprimarily he should perform namz-e faj'rwith tayammm and later on afterattaining ahrat (taking bath) repeat thenamz. (Fatv Raaviyyah- III / 371)

1.1.6 Issue: Faj'r namz can be performedanytime within its permissible durationfrom dawn to sunrise. Namz-e faj'r isnever makrooh in its permissible duration.(Barr-Riq, Bahr-e Shariat, Fatv

Raaviyyah-II/351)

1.2 Divine excellence of namz-e faj'r:

1.2.1 According to mmlMomineen arat Ayeshahiddeeqah uoor-e Aqdas hasnarrated that:

Two rakats namz of faj'r is better than the entire worldalong with all its belongings.

(Mslim, Tirmizee)1.2.2 arat Abdllh ib'n-e mar hasnarrated that: uoor-e Aqdas has oncenarrated:

Two rakats of faj'r namz carry lot of virtues andexcellences and hence observe it as an obligatory duty.

1.2.3 uoor-e Aqdas has once narrated:

Do not miss snnat of faj'r namz even though enemy

mounted on horses are on your head.

1.2.4 Much excellence (faeelat) has been described inadee for performing namz-e faj'r after the incipient

179


8/45


gleam has spread all over the ground1. We will gothrough few adee:

1.2.4.1 adee Shareef:

Imm Tirmizee has recorded a adee from aratRfae bin Khdaij that uoor-e Aqdashas once narrated that:

Great reward is there in performing namz-e faj'r ingleam.


arat Anas has narrated that:

Those who perform namz-e faj'r in light will be:1. Blessed with maghfirat.2. Allh will bless with acceptance of namz and

illumination of the heart and grave.(Dailmee)


According to arat Ab Hrairah , uoor-eAqdas has narrated that:

My mmat (followers) will always be on true religion tillthey offer namz-e faj'r in light.(Moajm-e Ausa by abrnee)

1.3 Snnat-e faj'r namz:

1.3.1 Issue: It is unlawful to perform snnat-e faj'rnamz after congregational faj'r namz even thoughsufficient time is lasting. (lam-geeri, FatvRaaviyyah-III/620)

1.3.2 Issue: Snnat namz of faj'r is most importantsnnat among all snnats. Some religious leaders havetermed this as vjib. One who deliberately denies thesignificance and legitimacy of snnat-e faj'r namz will

1 Incipient gleam: A dim dull white glow appears vertically in theeastern horizon about 90 minutes before sunrise followed by abrightness, which appears horizontally. This horizontal glowspreads instantly along horizon and becomes larger and largeruntil after a short while it becomes light. With appearance of thishorizontal glow in the eastern horizon, time for namz-e faj'rcommences.

180


9/45

Namz of Momin

be termed as kfir (infidel). Hence, snnat-e faj'r shouldnot be performed in sitting position without any excuse(lawful authentic reason). And yes! This snnat namz

cannot be offered in moving vehicle. This snnat is likevjib. (Raddl-Mtr, Fatv Raaviyyah- III /44)

1.3.3 Issue: In snnat namz of faj'r, it is snnat to addSoorah-e Kfiroon (Chapter 109 of Qr'n Shareef: Thedisbelievers) and Soorah-e Ikhl (Chapter 112 of Qr'nShareef: The purity of faith) to Soorah-e Ftiah in firstand second rakat respectively. (Ghnyah Shar-eMnyah)

1.3.4 Issue: It is unlawful to start any naf'l or snnat

namz after congregational far namz has beenannounced and/or started except snnat-e faj'r namz. Ifone firmly believes that after offering snnat, he will beable to join the congregational namz, however, may bein qadah, then first of all he should perform snnat-efaj'r namz in any corner of the mosque and then jointhe congregational namz. (Bahr-e Shariat, FatvRaaviyyah-III/614)

1.3.5 Issue: If congregational far namz has been

established and one thinks that congregational namzwill be missed if he opts to offer snnat-e faj'r namz, inthat case one should join the congregational namzleaving snnat-e faj'r namz. This is because missingcongregational namz in lieu of snnat is unlawful andpunishable. (lam-geeri, Fatv Raaviyyah-III/370, 613)

1.3.6 Issue: Perform only far and vjib constituents ofnamz in snnat-e faj'r namz leaving snnat andmstaab constituents if there is fear of missing

congregational namz of faj'r, viz. an, taavvz andtasmiyah can be omitted and tasbee can be recitedonly once. (Raddl-Mtr, Bahr-e Shariat)

1.3.7 Issue: One has started snnat-e faj'r namz andsomehow ruined, and subsequently wishes to repeatperformance of snnat-e faj'r namz aftercongregational far namz. In this situation also it isinvalid and unlawful. (lam-geeri)

1.3.8 Issue: Snnat-e faj'r, vjib and far namz will be

rendered invalid if performed in moving train. However,if train is not going to stop or there is no stop and it

181


10/45


seems that stipulated time for the namz in question willexpire, then one can perform namz in moving train butwhen train stops, namz will have to be repeated.

(Fatv Raaviyyah-III/44)

1.4 Qa namz:

1.4.1 Issue: Qa2 of snnat-e faj'r namz should beperformed after sunrise. It is unlawful to perform qa of

2 Qa Namz: Lapsed or omitted namzes are called qanamzes. Namz cannot be performed on behalf of someone else.Everyone has to perform it himself. A person who is seriously ill or

very old cannot give fidyah (compensatory money or ransom) tothe poor in place of performing namz. However, he can givefidyah as a substitute for fasting when he is not able to fast.

Performing any namz in its prescribed time is called ad.Performing any namz for second time before its time is over isnamed idah (repetition). If a namz is not performed in its time,performing it after its prescribed time is over is named qa. It isfar to make qa of a far. It is vjib to make qa of a vjib.

A person who has omitted a namz with an excuse or withoutan excuse has to make qa of it (has to perform it later). It is agrave sin (gnh-e kabeerah)to perform namz after its prescribed

time without an excuse (i.e. without one of the good reasonprescribed by Shariat). This sin is not forgiven when simply thenamz is performed later. In addition to make qa of it, it isnecessary to make taubah or to make ajj. The basis of this is thatacceptance of the taubah requires eliminating the sin.

When performing the far of five daily namzes and the namz

of vit'r and when making qa of them, it is necessary to observethe tarteeb. That is when performing namz it is necessary to payattention to the order of time. Tarteeb means prescribed order isnecessary for qa and ad namz as long as they are less than sixmissed namzes and in such cases qa must be performed first

and then ad. For example, if today someones faj'r, oh'r, a'rand maghrib became qa then he cannot perform the Ish namzuntil he has performed the qa for the four namz in sequencefirst. Furthermore, the far of Friday congregational namz mustbe performed at the time of days a'r namz. A person who cannotwake up for the namz-e faj'r has to make qa of it as soon as heremembers it, even if he remembers it during khbah. If a person,who has overslept or forgotten a namz, remembers it whileperforming the following namz in congregation, he must finish thenamz together with the Imm and then make qa of previousnamz. Then he must perform again the one that he hasperformed with Imm.

The qa can be performed at any time except at the time

sunrise, sunset and mid-noon. If a person remembers that he didnot perform the vit'r namz before he begins the namz-e faj'r orhe performs it, his namz-e faj'r will not be accepted. The namz-e

182


11/45

Namz of Momin

snnat-e faj'r namz between faj'r namz and sunrise.(Fatv Raaviyyah-III / 462, 616)

Addendum: Qa of snnat-e faj'r should be performed

after twenty minutes of sunrise.1.4.2 Issue: If qa of faj'r namz is being performedon the same day before nif-n-nahr, then qa of faras well as snnat should be performed. (Raddl-Mtr)

faj'r will be valid only in case there is enough time so as to be ableto perform vit'r namz before sunrise. This means to say that if atend of a namz time there is not enough time to make the qa

also, the necessity to make the qa first lapses. A person, whoperformed the far of times namz while thinking that there wasvery little time left, finds out that there was enough time, he mustmake the qa and then again perform the times far namz. If heforgets that he has namz of qa as he begins the times namzor as he performs the times namz, the namz that he performs isvalid one even if he remembers the qa after the namz. For it isan excuse to forget.

When number of namzes of qa equals six, tarteeb is notnecessary. A person who omitted six successive far namzes, orperformed them but they were invalid, is not a person with tarteeb.If a person has fewer than six namzes that he did not perform, thefive daily namzes that he performs without observing tarteeb are

invalid. However, necessity of tarteeb lapses when there is noenough time to perform all qa and ad namzes. For instance,both the far of Ish and vit'r are qa and in the morning if aperson had time only to perform five rakats, then he shouldperform three rakats of vit'r and two rakats far of faj'r. And, if hehad time only to perform six rakats then he should perform qaof far of Ish and two rakats far of faj'r. Here tarteeb is misseddue to lack of time and that is permissible. If a person has morethan five namzes of qa, and if as he makes qa of some ofthem, the number of namzes which he did not perform becomesfewer than six, nevertheless, the necessity of observing the tarteebdoes not reapply. He may perform the remaining namzes withoutpaying attention to their sequence.

The moment number of namzes of qa equals six tarteeb isnot necessary. For instance, a person has already missed fivenamzes and the time for the sixth namz has gone, then tarteebis no longer required, whether all the six namzes are old or someare recent and rest of them old one. This means to say that if aperson has missed namzes of a month altogether and thenstarted performing namzes again, however, yet again he misses acouple of namzes, in this circumstances the tarteeb is not far onhim. As he has more than six qa in total to perform, he mayperform the remaining namzes without paying attention to theirsequence.

When number of namzes of qa exceeds or equals six,tarteeb must not be observed in performing qa namz. This

means to say that remaining qa can be performed in whicheversequence deemed suitable, for example, if a person has missednamz of a month, he can perform all thirty far of faj'r then thirty

183


12/45


Addendum: Qa of snnat-e faj'r namz will berendered invalid except performed before nif-n-nahrof the same day.

1.4.3 Issue: If qa namz of faj'r is to be offered afternif-n-nahr of the same day or next day onward thenperform only qa of far. Qa namz of snnat-e faj'ris invalid after nif-n-nahr. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/620)

1.4.4 Issue: One has already performed snnat-e faj'rnamz and while performing far sunrise occurred andconsequently resulted into ruination of far namz. Now,

far of oh'r, etc. or in any sequence.Nowadays there are few who perform regular namz. And the

number of namzes that many of them have omitted is a matter ofyears. Because they have omitted without any excuse they havebecome very sinful. According to a adee if a person has omittedhis far namz and has debts of qa, his performing the naf'l(supererogatory) namz is useless trouble. Unless he pays his qaAllh Tal will not accept his naf'l namz. Seeing this fact, inorder not to die with debts of namz, and to escape the torment inthe Hell, those who have omitted their namzes without an excusefor years and years should, at least, reschedule their five dailynamz and intend to make qa instead of performing the naf'l andsn'nat-e ghairmakkadah namz.

Faj'r :No change in scheduleoh'r :In place of naf'l, perform qa by intending to make qa of thefar of the earliest oh'r namz that you have not performed andperform four rakats.A'r :In place of sn'nat-e ghairmakkadah, perform qa by intendingto make qa of the far of the earliest a'r namz that you have notperformed.Maghrib :In place of naf'l, perform qa by intending to make qa ofthe far of the earliest maghrib namz that you have not performedand perform three rakats.1. Ish :In place of sn'nat-e ghairmakkadah, perform qa by

intending to make qa of the far of the earliest Ish namz that

you have not performed.2. In place of naf'l, perform qa by intending to make qa of the vit'r

of the earliest that you have not performed and perform threerakats.

3. In place of naf'l, perform qa by intending to make qa of the farof the earliest faj'r namz that you have not performed.Thus each day you will pay the debt of a days qa.

One must calculate the number of days, months or years of qanamz, the debt of qa which are due since he has attained thepuberty; and then with a deep sense of repentance must pay thedebts of qa as early as possible. If a person without any debts ofqa makes qa instead of a namz which is snnat, his namz

becomes supererogatory. We have stated earlier that the avb for anaf'l namz is quite insignificant when compared to the avb for anamz that is snnat.

184


13/45

Namz of Momin

while performing qa of this far namz, snnat namzneed not be repeated. (Ghnyah, Bahr-e Shariat)

1.4.5 Issue: Qa namz can be offered between dawn

and sunrise. But during this period qa namz shouldnot be performed in mosque. People may consider thatyou are performing naf'l namz, and if asked bysomeone, you have to commit that you were performingqa namz. Qa must not be disclosed and hence, it isdesirable to perform it at home. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/624)

1.4.6 Issue: Any sort of namz must not be performedat sunrise. All sort of namzes including far, snnat,

naf'l or qa are disapproved at sunrise. Even sajdah-etilvat and sajdah-e sah'v are abominable at this time. Ifsomebody has started performing qa namz atsunrise, then he should be allowed to accomplish hisnamz first and afterward make him understand aboutthis issue that his namz has been rendered invalid andunacceptable in the court of Allh and hence it mustbe repeated after twenty minutes of sunrise. (Bahr-eShariat, Drr-e Mkhtr, Fatv Raaviyyah-III /714)

1.5 Ibdat at sunrise:

1.5.1 Issue: Recitation of Qr'n Shareef isdisapproved at sunrise. (FatvRaaviyyah-II/714)

1.5.2 Issue: However, if someone recites yat-esajdah at sunrise and does sajdah-etilvat, it is lawful and permissible. (lam-geeri - I/49, Bahr-e Shariat)

1.5.3 Issue: All worldly matters except zik'r-eilhee are disapproved between dawn andsunrise. (Drr-e Mkhtr, Raddl-Mtr,Fatv Raaviyyah-I/197)

1.5.4 Issue: One should remain busy with zik'r-e ilhee and recitation of drood shareefat sunrise (for twenty minutes). (Drr-eMkhtr)

1.6 Miscellaneous issues:

185


14/45


1.6.1 Issue: If a anafite3 mqtadee followsShfeee 4 imm in namz-e faj'r andShfeee imm in accordance with

Shfees school of Islamic Jurisprudencerecites d-e qnoot, at that timeanafite mqtadee should not recite d-e qnoot and should remain standingsilently with hands hanging.5 (Drr-eMkhtr, Bahr-e Shariat)

2. Early afternoon namz:(Namz-e oh'r)

Permissible timings

Divine excellences

Miscellaneous issues

2.1 Permissible timings for namz-e oh'r:

The time for namz-e oh'r commences from just aftermidday (nif-n-nahr). (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/352)

According to Imm-e am6 Ab anifh, the time for

namz-e oh'r lasts until the length of the shadow ofan object becomes twice the size of the object plus thesize of the shadow that was cast at the time of zavl

3 anafite: Those who follow anafee school of IslamicJurisprudence founded by Imm-e am Ab aneefh are calledanafite.

4 Shfeee: Shfaite: Those who follow Shfiees school of IslamicJurisprudence, founded by Imm Shfiee.

5 Four sects of Ah'l-e Sn'nat: Ibid: Appendix II, Page 579-586

Four sects of Ah'l-e Snnat are:1. anafee: (699 767 AD)Founded by Imm Ab anifh Nomn bin bit2. Mlikee: (709 795 AD)Founded by Imm Mlik ib'n -e Anas3. Shfiee: (767 820 AD)Founded by Imm Moammad ib'n-e Idris ash-Shfiee4. ambalee: (780 855 AD)Founded by Imm Amad bin Moammad bin ambal

6 Imm-e am: The Greatest among Imm; this term has beenused very respectfully in this book for Imm Ab anifh Nomnbin bit .

186


15/45

Namz of Momin

(starting point of the waning of sun). (FatvRaaviyyah-II/210)

Example: The shadow of two-yard long stick was 4

inches at the time of zavl. The time for oh'r namz willremain until the shadow of the stick attains a length offour yard i.e. twice the length of object plus shadow atthe time of zavl (4 yard 4 inches).

An important clarification:

Zavl should not be considered as makrooh time fornamz. In fact, time for oh'r namz commences from

zavl.

Usually people believe that zavl is makrooh time fornamz but this is not so. As a matter of fact makroohtime for namz is not zavl but it is nif-n-nahr. Atnif-n-nahr any type of namz (viz. far, snnat, vjib,naf'l or qa), sajdah-e tilvat and sajdah-e sah'v aredisapproved, unlawful and forbidden.

Now, we will go through lexical meaning andpractical implications of nif-n-nahr and zavl:

Nif: Half, MidNahr: DayNif-n-nahr: Half of the day, Meridian Midday

There are two types of day:1. Nahr-e Shar'ee (from dawn to sunset)2. Nahr-e rfi (from sunrise to sunset)

If permissible duration of namz-faj'r is added tonahr-e-rfi, it becomes nahr-e-shar'ee. This definition

clearly shows that nahr-e shar'ee will be more than thenahr-e-rfi. If you take middle part of both days, in thatcase meridian midday of nahr-e-shar'ee comes earlierrather than the meridian midday of nahr-e-rfi. Inother words, time difference between nahr-e-shar'eeand nahr-e-rfi is equal to the permissible duration ofnamz-e faj'r.

187


16/45


Dawn to sunrise

Permissibleduration of

namz-e faj'r+

Sunrise tosunset

Nahr-e rfi =

Dawn tosunset

Nahr-eShar'ee

2.1.1 Issue: Waning of sun is called zavl. This is the time when restriction fornamz has elapsed. Hence, it is myth toconsider zavl as prohibited time.(Fatv Raaviyyah-II/206)

The flowchart (on page 188) is drawn for betterunderstanding of events of a day. This is based onfollowing issues from Fatv Raaviyyah:

1. Nahr-e-shar'ee begins from dawn and ends withsunset. (Fatv Raaviyyah II / 207,357)

2. Nahr-e rfi begins from sunrise and ends withsunset. (Fatv Raaviyyah II / 207,357)

3. Nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee is always earlier to the

extent of the half duration of namz-faj'r than nif-n-nahr-e rfi. (Fatv Raaviyyah II/207,357)

4. As a matter of fact, the resultants time from nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee minus nif-n-nahr-e rfi is themakrooh period which starts from nif-n-nahr-eshar'ee. (Fatv Raaviyyah- II / 358)

188


17/45

Namz of Momin

189


18/45


5. Nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee is 40 minutes earlier thanthe nif-n-nahr-e rfi. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/207)

6. Nahr-e rfi is also known as Nahr-e aqeeqee.Actual midday is meridian midday of nahr-e rfi. Atthis moment sun is in the mid-sky. Namz is makroohup to this moment stating from meridian midday ofnahr-e shar'ee. After that there is no restriction.(Fatv Raaviyyah-II/358, 208)

7. Time for namz-e oh'r commences from nif-n-nahr-e rfi. (Fatv Raaviyyah II/207, 357, 352)

2.1.2 Issue: Namz is makrooh for the timenif-n-nahr-e shar'ee minus nif-n-nahr-e rfi. This makrooh time isminimum 39 minutes to maximum 47minutes in a year for Bareilly Shareefcity. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/ 345)

Explanation:Permissible duration of namz-faj'r in a year is:Minimum: 1 hour 18 minutes = 78 minutes

(Half will be 39 minutes)Maximum: 1 hour 35 minutes = 95 minutes

(Half will be 47.5 minutes)Remember: Resultant time from nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee minus

nif-n-nahr-e rfi is makrooh time for any sort ofnamz.

Zavl starts from nif-n-nahr-e rfi (i.e. meridianmidday of nahr-e rfi)

Example:Suppose on a particular day dawn starts at 5.00 a.m.,sunrises at 6.20 a.m. and sunsets at 7.00 p.m., then: Nahr-e shar'ee will be from 5.00 a.m. to 7.00 p.m. i.e.

14 hours Nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee will be 7 hours after dawn sets

in and thus 12.00 noon (7 hours from 5.00 a.m.) Nahr-e rfi will be from 6.20 a.m. to 7.00 p.m. i.e. 12

hours 40 minutes.

190


19/45

Namz of Momin

Nif-n-nahr-e rfi 6 hours 20 minutes after sunriseand thus at 12.40 p.m.

Half of thepermissibleduration of namz-e faj'r

Nif-n-nahr-eshar'ee

Nif-n-nahr-erfi

40 minutes 12.00 noon 12.40 p.m.

Now it is very obvious that resultant time from nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee (12.00 noon) minus nif-n-nahr-erfi (12.40 p.m.) will be 40 minutes which is makrooh

time for namz-e oh'r or any kind of namz. From nif-n-nahr-e rfi (12.40p.m.) waning of sun (zavl) startsand with this time for namz-e oh'r commences.

2.1.3 Issue: The time for namz-e oh'r lastsuntil the length of shadow of an objectbecomes the twice the size of the objectplus its true shadow i.e. the size of theshadow that was cast at the time ofzavl. (Fatv Raaviyyah- II/226)

Explanation: Sun rises in the east, travels from easternhorizon to western horizon to set there. We can dividethis journey in three phases:

Phase I: From eastern horizon (where sun rises) tomid-sky

Phase II: In mid-sky remains there for some time (i.e.from nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee to nif-n-nahr-e rfi).

Phase III: It starts waning from mid-sky and goes towestern horizon to set there.

In process of understanding aforesaid issue 2.1.3 firstof all we will try to elucidate following two factors:

1. Shadow of an object cast at zavl (true shadow)2. Shadow becoming twice the size of an object.

191


20/45


Example: Suppose on a particular day dawn starts at5.00 a.m., sunrises at 6.20 a.m. and sunsets at 7.00p.m., then:

In afore-mentioned situation:Nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee will be at 12.00 noon.Nif-n-nahr-e rfi will be at 12.40 p.m.

Thus: Phase I will be 6.20 a.m. to 12.00 noon and in this

phase shadow of an object will be cast in westdirection

Phase II will be 12.00 noon to 12.40 p.m. and shadowof this phase is known as True Shadow.

Phase III will be 12.40 p.m. to 7.00 p.m. and in thisphase shadow of an object will be cast in eastdirection.

TRUE SHADOW:

Keep a stick erect, perpendicular to the ground andobserve minutely its shadow in all three phases. Inphase I shadow will be cast in the west direction. Slowlythe size of the shadow will reduce and at one moment it

will stop reducing. Until shadow was reducing, nif-n-nahr does not occur. When shadow ceases reducing insize, this point is known as nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee. Atthis moment shadow will not be on west side but onsouth or north direction with slightly biased towardseast. This is true shadow.

The size of the shadow does not change from nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee to nif-n-nahr-e rfi (Phase II). Inphase III i.e. nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee shadow will

progress towards east and increase in size. At one pointsize of the shadow will be of about true shadow plustwice the size of the object. Until this moment time fornamz-e oh'r lasts. (This explanation is based on issuefrom Fatv Raaviyyah-II/ 353)

192


21/45

Namz of Momin

S u n

T r u e s h a d o w

S o u t h

N o r t h

WeSt

East

S o u t h

N o r t h

East

WeSt

S h a d o w

S t i c k

F i g u r e A F i g u r e B

Example: Suppose, length of the stick is 2 feet andlength of true shadow at nif-n-nahr is foot.

The time for namz-e oh'r lasts until the length ofthe shadow of an object becomes twice the size of object(2+2= 4 feet) plus its true shadow ( foot). Hence, it isvery clear that the time for namz-e oh'r lasts until theshadow becomes 4 feet in this given example. From

this point onward time for namz-e a'r commences.(See fig.)

Above-mentioned explanation, example and illustrationsare borrowed from Fatv Raaviyyah.

193

W

EST

N O R T HH

EAS

T

S O U T H

Sunoh'r namz

timingends

2 ft longstick

a'r namztime

commence

s

True shadowftfoot

Shadow 4 feet


22/45


2.1.4 Issue: It is desirable and snnat toperform namz-e oh'r in the second

half part of the permissible length oftime in summer days. (FatvRaaviyyah-II/227)


Imm Bkhree and Nasa'ee have recorded a narrationin their collection from arat Anas that:

uoor-e Aqdas used to perform namz-eoh'r after cooling the noon in summer whereas

somewhat earlier in winter days.(Fatv Raaviyyah- II / 367)


arat Ab Hrairah has narrated that:

uoor-e Aqdas has commanded to performnamz-e oh'r after cooling because extreme heat is due

to surge from the hell.

(Imm Bkhree and Imm Mslim)


According to the Azn chapter of the aee BkhreeShareef, arat Ab zrr Ghefree has narratedthat:

Once we were with Rasoolallh in journey.Mazzin thought to call the azn. uoor-e Aqdas

told him to wait until noon is cooled down andthe length of the shadow of the hill equalizes to its

height. uoor-e Aqdas explained the reasonthat the extreme heat is due to surge from the Hell andtherefore, if it is too hot, perform namz-e zoh'r after

cooling.(Fatv Raaviyyah- II / 211, 367)

2.1.5 Issue: In summer, it is desirable to delay

the performance of namz-e oh'r.Nevertheless, if congregational namz is

194


23/45

Namz of Momin

fixed in early phase of permissiblelength of time then one must offernamz-e oh'r in congregation. It is

unlawful to miss congregational namz.(Drr-e Mkhtr, lam-geeri)

2.1.6 Issue: Time for namz-e jmah (Fridaycongregational namz) and oh'r aresame, which lasts until the shadow of anobject becomes twice the size of theobject plus true shadow. (FatvRaaviyyah-II/361)

2.2 Divine excellence of namz-e oh'r:

2.2.1 In fact, first four-rakats snnat namz ofoh'r is ranked next to snnat-e faj'r.(Drr-e Mkhtr) And, it has beenemphasized enormously in adeestating the commandment of uoor-e

Aqdas :

Those who miss these four-rakats namz will not gainMy Shafat7.

7 Shafat (Intercession): Prophets, Auliy (saints), PiousMslims, angels and those who are allowed by Allh willintercede for the forgiveness of the venial and grave sins of thoseMslims who die without having repented, and their intercessionwill be accepted.

In the next world, Shafat (intercession) will be of five sorts:1. The sinful becoming tired of the crowd and waiting so long at

the place of judgment will wail and ask that the judgmentcommences as soon as possible. There will be intercessionfor this.

2. There will be intercession so that the questioning will bedone easily and quickly.

3. There will be intercession for sinful Mslims so that they shallnot fall off the er into Hell and so that they will be savedfrom Hells torture.

4. There will be intercession for taking gravely sinful Mslimsout of Hell.

5. There will be intercession for the promotion of Mslims to ahigher grade in the paradise where though there will beinnumerable favours and an eternal stay, there will be eight

195


24/45


2.2.2 abrnee has quoted a adee, which isascribed to Ameerl-momineen aratmar Frooq . uoor-e Aqdas

has narrated that:

Those who perform four rakats namz prior to oh'rnamz (far), so to say, they performed four rakat

Tahajjd8.


2.3.1 Issue: Four-rakats snnat-e makkadah ofoh'r namz, which is snnat-e qabliah, should be

performed with one salm and in qadah-e ool reciteonly tashahhd. Sajdah-e sah'v will be vjib if

inadvertently Drood Shareef recited up to

(Allhmma alli al Mammadin) or(Allhmma alli al Sayyeden). an and Taavvzshould not be recited in third rakat. A soorah should beadded to Soorah-e Ftiah in all four rakats. (Drr-eMkhtr, Bahr-e Shariat IV/15, Fatv Raaviyyah-III/636)

2.3.2 Issue: If someone has yet not offered four-rakats snnat-e qabliah namz of oh'r andcongregational namz has established. In this situation,one must join the congregation first and after performingtwo-rakats snnat-e badiyah namz (to be offered afterfar namz), perform four-rakats snnat namz that wasmissed earlier and was to be performed prior to farnamz. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/617)

2.3.3 Issue: If someone is still offering four-rakatssnnat-e makkadah of oh'r namz and congregationalnamz has established. In this situation, one shouldconclude it by making salm after two-rakats and jointhe congregation. After performing two-rakats snnat-ebadiyah namz (to be offered after far namz), repeat

grades and every persons grade will be in proportion to thedegree of his Imn and his deeds.

8Tahajjd namz: Ibid Page: 213

196


25/45

Namz of Momin

entire four-rakats snnat namz. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/611)

2.3.4 Issue: No act (that renders the namz invalid)should occur between snnat-e qabliah and far namzviz. talk, discussion, eating, drinking, etc.

According to one school of thought, avb is reduceddue to such activity and another school of thought saysthat because of such acts only snnat is missed. To beon safer side and to remain away from such dispute oneshould repeat the snnat namz if such acts have takenplace. However, it is unlawful to repeat snnat-e faj'r.(Fatv Raaviyyah- III / 472)

2.3.5 Issue: In case of joining congregation in lastrakat of namz-e oh'r then complete the remainingrakats in the following manner:

After imm concludes the namz by making onesalm, stand erect for qiym position without imitatingimm in making salm. If an has not been recitedearlier, then begin with an, taavvz and tasmiyah. Ifan has been recited earlier in that case begin directly

with taavvz and tasmiyah. In first rakat recite Soorah-e Ftiah, add a soorah and thenceforth perform rkooand sajdah. Thereafter, sit for qadah and recite onlytashahhd. Afterward, stand erect in qiyam position forsecond rakat, recite Soorah-e Ftiah and add a soorah.Perform rkoo, sajdah and without qadah stand upagain for third rakat-qiym. In third rakat recite onlySoorah-e Ftiah and go for rkoo and sajdah and withqadah-e kheerah accomplish the namz. (Drr-e

Mkhtr, Bahr-e ShariatIII/136, Fatv Raaviyyah-III/393, 396)

Remark: Same method is applicable to namz-e a'rand namz-e ish.

Joined Jamat in IV rakat

In jamat only one rakat has been accomplished

Stand up erect to perform missed rakats afterimm concludes the namz by one salm

197


26/45


First missed rakat but second rakat of namz

Stand up for qiym of second missed rakat but third ofnamz.

Stand up for qiym of missed third rakat but fourth ofnamz

Conclude the namz by making Salm

3. Late afternoon namz:(Namz-e a'r)

Permissible timingsDivine excellences

Ib'dat at sunsetQa and naf'l namz after namz-e a'rMiscellaneous issues


Total time for namz-e a'r remains

198

Recite Soorah Ftiah only Do not annex another soorah to Soorah

Ftiah. Perform rkoo and sajdah.

Sit for qadah-e kheerah Recite tashahhd. Recite Drood-e Ibrheem and Du-eMoorah.

Recite Soorah Ftiah Annex one soorah to Soorah Ftiah.

Recite an if not recited earlier

Directly start with Taavvz and Tasmiyah if an hasbeen recited earlier. Recite Soorah Ftiah Annex one soorah to Soorah Ftiah. Perform rkoo and sajdah. Sit for adah-e ool and recite onl Tashahhd.


27/45

Namz of Momin

Minimum: 1 hour 35 minutesMaximum: 2 hour 06 minutes

Date Remains for how

long

Then what

happens

1 21 January 1 hour 35 minutes Increases2 20 April 1 hour 50 minutes Increases3 22 May 2 hour 01 minute Increases4 23 June 2 hour 06 minutes Increases5 23 July 2 hour 01 minute Decreases6 23 August 1 hour 50 minutes Decreases7 23 September 1 hour 41 minutes Decreases8 24 October 1 hour 36 minutes Decreases

9 01 November 1 hour 35 minutes Remainsunchangeduntil 21

January

Gradual change in time for namz-e a'r takes placeas shown in following table: (Bahr-e Shariat, FatvRaaviyyah-II/216)

3.1.1 adee Shareef:

According to Imm Ib'n-e bn arat Abdllh binAbbs , uoor-e Aqdas hasnarrated that:

Time for namz-e oh'r remains until a'r; time fornamz-e a'r remains until maghrib; time for namz-emaghrib remains until ish and time for namz-e ish

remains until faj'r.(Fatv Raaviyyah-II/320)

3.1.2 Issue: The moment time for namz-e oh'r

expires, time for namz-e a'r commences andlasts until sunset. (Bahr-e Shariat)

3.1.3 Issue: According to arat Say'yedn Imm-eam Ab anifh , time meant fornamz-e a'r starts only when shadow of anobject becomes twice the size of the object plussize of its true shadow. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/210)

3.1.4

Issue: It is desirable to delay namz-e a'r withinacceptable limits of the timings. However, one

199


28/45


should not delay up to such an extent thatyellowish hue appears in the sky and sun can begazed easily. (Drr-e Mkhtr, lam-geeri)

3.1.5 Issue: Sun becomes yellowish just 20 minutesprior to sunset. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II /222)

3.1.6 Issue: In cloudy atmosphere namz-e a'rshould be offered in early phase of permissibleduration of namz-e a'r. Care should be takennot to perform namz-e a'r before time. It isbetter to delay namz-e a'r in rest of the days(other than cloudy days). (Fatv Raaviyyah-

II/213)3.1.7 Issue: Mstaab (desirable) time for namz-e

a'r is second half phase of permissible durationof namz-e a'r except in cloudy days whereearlier performance of namz is better. (FatvRaaviyyah-II/352)

3.1.8 Issue: Mstaab time for namz-e a'r is secondhalf phase of permissible duration of namz-e

a'r. For calculation, first deduct 20 minutes (thatis makrooh time) from the permissible duration.Divide into two equal phases. Though first halfphase is not unlawful, second half phase ismstaab time for namz-e a'r. (FatvRaaviyyah-II/216)

Example:Suppose, todays time for namz-e a'r commences at5.20 p.m. and sunsets at 7.10 p.m.

Deduct 20 minutes from sunset time which is makrooh,this comes to 6.50 p.m.

Permissible duration of namz-e a'r is from 5.20 to6.50 p.m. (1 hour 30 minutes). Any fraction of thisduration is not makrooh.

Divide this into two equal phases. First half phase (nif-avval): From 5.20 to 6.05 p.m.

Second half phase (nif-kheer): From 6.05 to 6.50p.m.

200


29/45

Namz of Momin

It is mstaab to offer namz-e a'r during 6.05 to 6.50p.m. (nif-kheer) on this particular day.

3.2 Divine excellence of namz-e a'r:

3.2.1 According to arat Abdllh ib'n-e mar

uoor-e Aqdas has narrated that:

Allhs compassion and mercy will be on those whoprefer to perform namz-e snnat-e qabliah of a'r.

(Ab Dood, Tirmizee)

3.2.2 According to mmlMomineen arat mm-e Salmah

uoor-e Aqdas has narrated that:

Allh will make the body of those who performsnnat-e qabliah of a'r arm on fire (i.e. fire will notburn the body of those who perform snnat-e qabliah of

a'r).(abrnee)

3.3 Ibdat at sunset:

3.3.1 Issue: Twenty minutes prior to sunset is such amakrooh time that any sort of namz (viz. far,vjib, snnat, naf'l or qa) is unlawful. However,if a'r namz of the same day is due, one canperform namz-e a'r up to sunset. But suchdelay is forbidden, if underlying reason for delayis unexplainable according to Islamic

jurisprudence. According to a adee, performerof such sort of namz will be considered as

mnfiq. (lam-geeri, Bahr-e Shariat-III/21)

3.3.2 Issue: When 20 minutes are left for sunset,makrooh time begins. All sort of namzes exceptnamz-e a'r of the same day are prohibited.(Fatv Raaviyyah-II/215)

Note: Only far namz of a'r can be offered during thismakrooh time. Snnat-e qabliah of a'r cannot be

offered during this makrooh time.

201


30/45


3.3.3 Issue: Recitation of Qr'n Shareef should bepostponed and exclusively zik'r-e ilhee isadvisable during this makrooh period at sunset.

(Fatv Raaviyyah-359, Akm-e Shariat Part-2, Issue: 52, Page: 31)

3.4 Naf'l and qa namz after namz-ea'r:

3.4.1 Issue: After namz-e a'r naf'l is proscribed(forbidden). Therefore naf'l namz must not beperformed in between a'r and maghrib. (Drr-e

Mkhtr, lam-geeri)3.4.2 Issue: Qa namz 9 can be performed after

namz-e a'r until 20 minutes are left for sunset.(Bahr-e Shariat, Fatv Raaviyyah- II/359)

3.5 Miscellaneous Issues:

3.5.1 Issue: If someone is performing snnat-e qabliahand congregation is established. In this situation

one must terminate his snnat namz after tworakats by making salm and join thecongregation. There is no need to repeat thesnnat namz. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/611)

3.5.2 Issue: In case of joining congregation in the lastrakat of namz-e oh'r then complete theremaining rakats in the following manner:

Stand erect in qiym position after imm makes onesalm. If an has not been recited earlier, then beginwith an, taavvz and tasmiyah. If an has beenrecited earlier in that case begin directly with taavvzand tasmiyah. In first rakat recite Soorah-e Ftiah, adda soorah and then after perform rkoo and sajdah. Afterthat, sit for qadah and recite only tashahhd. Afterward,stand erect in qiym position for second rakat, reciteSoorah-e Ftiah and add a soorah. Perform rkoo,sajdah and without qadah stand up again for thirdrakat-qiym. In third rakat recite only Soorah-e Ftiah

9Ibid, footnote on page 181-183.

202


31/45

Namz of Momin

and go for rkoo and sajdah and with qadah-ekheerah accomplish the namz. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/393)

3.5.3 Issue: There are four rakats snnat-e ghair-makkadah namz prior to far namz of a'r,which are to be offered with one salm. After tworakats, also recite drood shareef followingtashahhd in qadah-e ool. Begin third rakatwith an, taavvz and tasmiyah, as snnat-eghair-makkadah is alike naf'l namz and eachqadah of naf'l namz is qadah-e kheerah.

Therefore drood shareef must be recited in each

qadah and a soorah is to be added to Soorah-eFtiah in each rakat. (Drr-e Mkhtr, Bahr-eShariat-IV/15, Fatv Raaviyyah-III/461)

4. Evening namz:(Namz-e maghrib)

Permissible timings

Divine excellencesMiscellaneous issues


Immediately after sunset the time for namz-e maghribcommences and lasts until white glow of twilightremains. Duration of namz-e maghrib will be same as ofnamz-e faj'r of a particular day.

Duration of namz-e maghrib varies as per below.

1 31 March 1 hour 18 minutes Then increases2 30 June 1 hour 35 minutes Then decreases3 30

September1 hour 18 minutes Then increases

4 31 December 1 hour 24 minutes Then decreases

4.1.1 Issue: Immediately after sunset the time fornamz-e maghrib commences and lasts untilwhite glow of twilight remains. After that the timefor namz-e ish begins. (Fatv Razaviy'yah- II/

226)

203


32/45


4.1.2 Issue: Time for namz-e maghrib is from sunsetto till twilight goes off. (Bahr-e Shariat)

4.1.3 Issue: Twilight is nothing but white glow spread

from north to south in western horizon. This issimilar to white glow found with commencementof dawn, which appears after red glow wanes offin eastern horizon. (Hidyah, Shar'-e Vaqyah,lam-geeri)

4.1.4 Issue: Duration of namz-e faj'r and namz-emaghrib are equal10. (Bahr-e Shariat)

4.2 Divine excellence of namz-e maghrib:

4.2.1 adee Shareef:

According to Mak'ool from Razeen, uoor-e Aqdashas narrated that:

Namz of those who perform two-rakat namz afternamz-e maghrib without talking any worldly talks will

be placed in illiyn11.

4.2.2 adee Shareef:

According to arat zaifah , uoor-e Aqdashas declared that:

Perform two-rakat namz after namz-e far of maghribas early as possible, since they are to be presented

along with far.(abrnee)


4.3.1 Issue: Initiation of congregational namz-e maghribshould be announced (i.e. iqmat) in such a way that

10 Permissible duration of namz-e maghrib will be same as ofnamz-e faj'r of a particular day.

11 Illiyn: Upper most Heaven

The promotion of Muslims to a higher grade where though therewill be innumerable favours and an eternal stay in the paradise,there will be eight grades and every persons grade will be inproportion to the degree of his Imn and his deeds.

204


33/45

Namz of Momin

three small verses or a long verse can be recited afterazn. (lam-geeri)

4.3.2 Issue: It is against snnat to delay azn-e maghribwithout any excuse (religiously authentic and lawfulreason). (Fatv Raaviyyah-II / 355)

4.3.3 Issue: If takbeer-e tareemah of namz-e maghrib issaid and at that moment a small portion of sun is yetremains to set then namz will be rendered invalid.(Fatv Raaviyyah-II/360)

4.3.4 Issue: It is forbidden to offer naf'l namz betweensunset and maghrib. (Drr-e Mkhtr, lam-geeri)

4.3.5 Issue: It is makrooh to delay namz-e maghrib so much,so that stars appear in the sky. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/226)

4.3.6 Issue: It is desirable to perform namz-e maghribimmediately after sunset except in cloudy days. (Drr-eMkhtr, Bahr-e Shariat)

We will go through two adee supporting this issue:

4.3.6.1adee Shareef:

Ab Dood has recorded this adee ascribing to aratAbdl Azeez bin Rafeea , uoor-e Aqdas

has narrated that:

In cloudy days offer namz-e a'r in early phase ofpermissible duration for the same and delay is desirable

in namz-e maghrib.


According to arat Ayyoob and arat qb bin mirhas said that:

Once uoor-e Aqdas has narrated that myfollowers will remain sagacious (having or showing goodjudgement) till they will not delay namz-e maghrib upto such an extent that dense stars become visible in the

sky.(Imm Amad and Ab Dood)

4.3.7 Issue: Namz-e maghrib should be offered immediately

after sunset. Delay to the extent of time required to

205


34/45


perform two-rakats namz is permissible. Delay morethan this much time is makrooh-e tanzeeee. Delay tothe extent that stars appear in the sky is makrooh-e

tareemee. However, such delay is not objectionableonly if it happens with due authentic reasons that can beexplained according to Islamic Jurisprudence viz. during

journey, sickness. (Drr-e Mkhtr, Bahr-e Shariat)


Once arat Nafea had been traveling on footalong with arat Abdllh ib'n-e mar .arat Nafe'a has narrated that:

I knew his habit of performing namz well in time. Buton that particular day he did not performed namz aftersunset. I said, salutations be upon you Namz! He

looked at me and continued journey. When sometwilight remained he came down from his ride and

performed namz. Then he performed namz-e ishwhen twilight was totally not present. Then he turned

towards me and said that Rasoolallh use todo so in journey when He was in haste.

(Nasa'ee, Ref. borrowed from: Fatv Raaviyyah-II/240)

4.3.8 Issue: One should offer snnat namzimmediately after far of namz-e maghrib andshould not indulge in worldly talks betweensnnat and far. (Bahr-e Shariat)


According to arat zaifah , uoor-e Aqdashas narrated that:

Those who perform two-rakats namz after namz-emaghrib without indulging in any worldly affairs will be

placed in illiyn.

4.3.9 Issue: If a mqtadee joins the congregation inthird rakat, he will perform his missed rakats inthe following manner:

Stand up erect for qiym after first salm of imm.

Recite an if not recited earlier. After taavvz andtasmiyah recite Soorah-e Ftiah and a soorah. After

206


35/45

Namz of Momin

first rakat make qadah and stand up again for secondrakat after reciting only tashahhd. Complete secondrakat as first one and make qadah, which will be qadah-

e kheerah and then complete the namz. (FatvRaaviyyah-III/392)

Joined Jamat in III rakat

In jamat only one rakat has been accomplished

Stand up erect to perform missed rakats after imm

concludes the namz by one salm

First missed rakat but second rakat of namz

Stand up for qiym of missed second rakat but third ofnamz

Conclude the namz by making Salm

207

Recite an if not recited earlier Directly start with taavvz and tasmiyah if an has

been recited earlier. Recite Soorah Ftiah Annex one soorah to Soorah Ftiah.

Perform rkoo and sajdah. -

Recite Soorah Ftiah only Do not annex another soo'rah to Soorah

Ftiah Perform rkoo and sajdah. Sit for qadah-e kheerah Recite tashahhd. Recite Drood-e Ibrheem and Du-e


36/45


5. Night namz:(Namz-e ish)

Permissible Timings of namz-e ish

Divine Excellences of namz-e ish

Snnat-e ghair-makkadah namz in namz-e ishVit'r namzVit'r of masbooq

Qa of namz-e ish

Naf'l namz in namz-e ish

Miscellaneous issues pertaining to namz-e ish


The moment stipulated time of namz-e maghribexpires, time for namz-e ish commences and lastsuntil dawn.

5.1.1 Issue: At the finishing point of stipulated time of

namz-e maghrib, time for namz-e ishcommences and lasts until dawn. (FatvRaaviyyah- II / 226)

5.1.2 Issue: It is mstaab to delay performance ofnamz-e ish up to one-third night. Delay ispermissible up to midnight. (Drr-e Mkhtr)

5.1.3 Issue: It is makrooh to delay namz-e ishbeyond midnight. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II / 355)

5.1.4 Issue: In cloudy days it is mstaab to offernamz-e a'r and namz-e ish in early phase of

208


37/45

Namz of Momin

permissible duration. In similar situation it ismstaab to delay rest of the namzes (i.e. faj'r,oh'r and ish). (Bahr-e Shariat)

5.2 Divine excellence of namz-e ish:

5.2.1 adee Shareef:

Ib'n-e Mjah has recorded this adee ascribing toarat Abdllh bin mar that uoor-eAqdas has commanded that:

Allh will bestow freedom from Hell to those who

will offer namz-e ish consecutive forty nights incongregation without missing even a single rakat.

5.2.2 adee Shareef:

Among all namzes, namz-e faj'r and namz-e ish aremore painful for hypocrites (mnfiqeen).

(abrnee)

5.2.3 adee Shareef:

Those who present themselves for namz-e ish, so tosay they do qiym up to midnight.

(Baihaqee)

5.2.4 adee Shareef:

Vit'r is truth. Those, who do not offer vit'r, are not fromus.

(Ab Dood)

5.2.5 adee Shareef:

Names of those, who deliberately missed the namz-eish, will be written down on the door of the Hell.

(Ab Noaim)

5.3 Snnat-e ghair-makkadah:

5.3.1 Issue: If one has not performed four-rakats snnat-eghair-makkadah namz and wishes to perform after

congregation, it is permissible and can be offered after

209


38/45


two-rakats snnat-e badiyah (snnat-e makkadah)namz. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/367)

5.3.2 Issue: If someone begins fourrakats snnat-e ghair-makkadah namz and meanwhile congregation hasestablished, in that case one should conclude his namzafter two rakats by making salm and join thecongregation. No need to repeat the snnat. (FatvRaaviyyah-III/611)

5.3.3 Issue: There are four rakats snnat-e ghair-makkadahnamz prior to far namz of ish, which are to beoffered with one salm. After two rakats, recite droodshareef also (along with d-e moorah) followingtashahhd in qadah-e ool. Begin third rakat with an,taavvz and tasmiyah, as snnat-e ghair-makkadah isalike naf'l namz and each qadah of naf'l namz isqadah-e kheerah. Therefore drood shareef must berecited in each qadah and a soorah is to be added toSoorah-e Ftiah in each rakat. (Bahr-e Shariat- IV/15,Fatv Raaviyyah- III/461)

5.4 Vit'r Namz:

5.4.1 adee Shareef:

arat Ab Dood, Tirmizee, Nasa'ee and Ib'n-e Mjahhave recorded a narration ascribing to Ameerl-momineen say'yedn arat Ali that, onceuoor-e Aqdas has narrated that:

Allh is vit'r (singular) and He likes vit'r namz.Hence O! Faithful followers, perform vit'r namz.

5.4.2 Issue: Although timings for far and vit'r of ishare identical but a sequential order must bemaintained. Vit'r should be offered after farnamz. If someone performs namz-e vit'r priorto far of ish, vit'r namz will be rendered nulland void. (Drr-e Mkhtr, lam-geeri)

5.4.3 Issue: It is mstaab to perform namz-e vit'r inthe last part of night for those who can remain

awaken, otherwise perform before going to bed.

210


39/45

Namz of Momin

In case someone wake up in the last part of nightto perform tahajjd namz, at that time vit'rnamz should not be offered as one has slept and

then wake up. Further, it is unlawful to repeatvit'r namz, once one has already offered it alongwith namz-e ish. (Drr-e Mkhtr, Raddl-Mtr)

5.4.4 Issue: There are three rakats in vit'r namz andqadah-e ool is vjib. After reciting onlytashahhd in qadah-e ool, one should standupfor third rakat. However, if someone stands uperroneously without doing qadah-e ool, there is

no need to go back to qadah-e ool but continuethird rakat and perform sajdah-e sah'v. (Drr-eMkhtr, Raddl-Mtr, Bahr-e Shariat)

5.4.5 Issue: Qirat is obligatory in all three rakats ofvit'r. It is vjib to add a soorah after Soorah-eFtiah in all rakats. (Bahr-e Shariat IV / 4)

5.4.6 Issue: In third rakat of vit'r namz after qiratsay takbeer (Allh-Akbar) and

simultaneously raise hands up to ear lobule (as isdone whilst takbeer-e tareemah) and fold bothhands just below navel. Recite d-e qnoot andthen make rkoo. (Bahr-e Shariat-IV/4)

5.4.7 Issue: It is vjib to recite d-e qnoot in vit'rnamz. Suppose, someone forgets to recite d-e qnoot and goes for rkoo and at that momentrecollects. In this situation, there is no need tocome back from rkoo to qiym position.Complete the namz and do sajdah-e sah'v.(lam-geeri, Fatv Raaviyyah-III/645)

5.4.8 Issue: All (i.e. imm, mqtadee or mnfarid)should recite d-e qnoot silently. Whethernamz is ad or qa, whether in Ramn shareefor else but recite d-e qnoot silently. (Raddl-Mtr)

5.4.9

Issue: By all means mqtadee has to followimm. Even in vit'r namz, if mqtadee has not

211


40/45


recited entire d-e qnoot and imm hasproceeded for rkoo, in that case also mqtadeehas to follow imm and must bow for rkoo.

(lam-geeri, Raddl-Mtr)

5.4.10 Issue: Those who do not remember d-eqnoot:

They should recite once:

Rab'ban tin fid dny asanatanv va feel khiratiasanatanv va qin azban nri

O Allh! Grant us goodness both in this world and in theworld to come, and protect us from the pain of the fire.

OR Recite thrice

Allhm-magh fir lan

(lam-geeri, Bahr-e Shariat)5.5 Vit'r namz of masbooq:

5.5.1 Issue: If masbooq joins congregational vit'r namz12 inthird rakat, in this situation while completing missedtwo rakats after imm has concluded namz by makingfirst (one) salm, do not recite d-e qnoot. (lam-geeri, Bahr-e Shariat)

5.5.2 Issue: If masbooq has missed all rakats and joins

congregation in qadah-e kheerah, in this situationwhile completing missed all three rakats after imm hasconcluded namz by making one salm, recite d-eqnoot' in third rakat. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/488)

5.6 Qa namz:

5.6.1 Issue: If namz-e ish has been missed andqa13 is to be performed then qa of vit'r too

12 Congregational vit'r namz is offered in the month of Ramn only.13 Ibid, footnote on page 181-183.

212


41/45

Namz of Momin

becomes vjib even if a long time has beenelapsed. Even though namz-e ish might havebeen missed either deliberately or erroneously,

whatsoever the reason may be, but once qanamz of ish is to be performed, perform qaof vit'r too. Whilst performing qa of vit'r namz,recite d-e qnoot. If qa of namz-e vit'r isbeing performed in public (viz. in mosque) thendo not raise hands along with takbeer-e qnoot,so that no one should know that qa namz isbeing offered. To miss a namz is sin and itsdisclosure is greater sin. Hence, while offering

qa namz it should not be disclosed. However,if someone is offering qa of namz-e vit'r athome or in isolation, hand should be raised up toear lobules along with takbeer-qnoot. (Raddl-Mtr, lam-geeri, Fatv Raaviyyah-III/624)

5.6.2 Issue: In the month of Ramn14, those whocould not join congregational far of namz-eish, will not join congregation of vit'r namz.

Thus those who have performed far of namz-e

ish solitarily will perform vit'r namz also alone.(Fatv Raaviyyah- III/624)

5.7 Naf'l namz of ish:

5.7.1 Issue: It is exceptionally good to perform two-rakat naf'l namz after namz-e vit'r. It is mostexcellent to recite in its first rakat Soorah-e Zilzl(Chapter 99 of Qr'n Shareef: The Earthquake )and in second rakat Soorah-e Kfiroon (Chapter109 of Qr'n Shareef: The disbelievers).

According to a adee shareef if anyone couldnot wakeup for tahajjd namz, these two-rakatnaf'l will work as substitute for tahajjd. (Bahr-eShariat)

5.7.2 Issue: It is mstaab to perform last two-rakatnaf'l namz in standing position. However, thereis no objection if offered in sitting position.(Fatv Raaviyyah-III/461)

14 Ninth month of Hijri calendar; fastening month; Month in whichrevelation of the Holy Qr'n Shareef began.

213


42/45



5.8.1 Issue: It is makrooh to sleep before namz-e

ish and indulge in worldly talks after namz-eish. However, there is no objection for essentialtalks of day-to-day work, recitation of Qr'nShareef, zik'r-e ilhee, religious issues, stories ofleheen, v and discussion with guests. (Drr-eMkhtr)

5.8.2 Issue: It is makrooh to indulge in worldly talksafter namz-e ish (Fatv Raaviyyah- I/197)

5.8.3 Issue: Some people use to recite following verse

in sajdah position after namz-e vit'r and believethat this is a wonderful aml as per aadee andpracticed by bzrgn-e deen.

Sbbun qddsun rabbn-va rabbl malik kat-evar r

Our Rabb, Rabb of all angels and arat Jibra'eel, is Pureand Elite.

But as a matter of fact, it is makrooh in view of someMslim jurist. The so-called adee showing excellenceof this aml is also untrue and fallacious. All famousIslamic Jurisprudence books like Ghnyah, Ttr-khniyh, Drr-e Mkhtr, ahvee, Ad-drar etc hasdescribed it as makrooh, perhaps because of the fear ofconsidering this aml as snnat or vjib by the commonpeople. (Fatv Africa by Al arat; issue 37; page 34)

6. Snnat-e makkadah namz:(Other than five daily namzes)

Tarvee namz:

Twenty rakats snnat-e makkadah namz for both(adult) men and women to be performed after namz-eish with ten salms in the month of Ramn. Afterevery four rakats it is mstaab to sit a while and maked.

arat mar ordered for the congregation in

tarvee during his Caliphate and on seeing the

214


43/45

Namz of Momin

congregation remarked, This is very nice bidat. Toperform namz-e tarvee individually is snnat. And, toform a regular congregation is bidat-e asanah

(praiseworthy innovation). However, it should be notedthat if the innovation was brought into practice in theage of abah-e kirm, then we should not call it bidatbut snnat of the abah (as it is respectfully to call itso), though it is a bidat-e asanah.

A person cannot perform the tarvee beforeperforming ish namz. Tarvee is performed after lastsnnat of ish namz and before the vit'r. However, itcan be performed after the vit'r. It can be performed

any time until faj'r namz, but one must remember thatit cannot be performed after dawn has broken. It cannotbe performed as qa namz, either.

It is snnat-e kifyah to perform tarvee namz injamat. If one performs tarvee namz alone at home,he will be deprived of virtues and blessings of jamat inthe mosque. Those who did not perform ish namz in

jamat cannot perform tarvee namz in jamat.

Niyyat for two rakats snnat of tarvee:

I intend to perform two rakats snnat namz oftarvee for Allh Tal facing towards qiblah.

7. Mstaab and supererogatory namzes:

Tahajjd Namz altl Ishrq Namz-e Chsht altl Auvbeen

7.1 Tahajjd namz:

215


44/45


It is greatest in the rank of all the supererogatory (naf'l)namz 15, to be performed in the last part of night. Afterhaving gone to bed one should rise late in the night and

engage in this wonderful worship (ibdat). It consists offour to twelve (4-12) rakats of naf'l namz in two to fourrakats units.

7.1.1 Issue: Tahajjd namz is the most mstaab snnat andbest among all mstaab namzes. All religious booksincluding our Holy Qr'n support this fact. Though it isnot a snnat-e makkadah namz, one who misses it,remains devoid of great virtues and excellences.However, skipper of tahajjd namz is not a sinner.

(Fatv Raaviyyah-III/454)

7.1.2 Issue: In the beginning, the tahajjd namz was far onuoor-e Aqdas and on his followers, butlater on this far duty was abolished by consensus of theUmmat. A adee is quoted here in support of this issue.

mml-Momineen arat Ayeshah hasnarrated that:

Namz-e tahajjd was far for uoor-e Aqdas

and snnat for his followers.(Fatv Raaviyyah-III/455, 456)

7.2 altl ishrq:

It comprises of two rakats naf'l namz. The permissibletime for alatl Ishrq starts 20 minutes after sunrise.

15

Authors Note: It is very much essential to perform fari first.Naf'l will be acceptable only when one has offered all fari. Abovefaeelat (Divine excellence) of supererogatory (naf'l) namz aremeant for those, whose even qa of far or vjib are not left.

The snnat performed by those who do not carry out the far,that is, who owe debt to Allh , will not be accepted, and theywill not be given rewards. They are not looked upon as havingadapted themselves to our Prophet . If a person does allthe far and omits one far without an excuse, none of hissupererogatory (naf'l) worships and snnat of this kind will begiven rewards until he pays his debt of his. In other words, Allh

will not accept supererogatory (naf'l) namz of the personwho has a debt of qa namz.

216


45/45

Namz of Momin

adee Shareef: Imm Tirmizee has recorded anarration ascribing to arat Anas that uoor-eAqdas has stated that:

He who performs faj'r namz with jamat and remainsseated in the same place engaging in zik'r-e ilhee untilafter sunrise and there after performs two rakats naf'l

namz, will obtain the avb of one ajj and onemrah.

(Bahr-e Shariat-IV/21)

7.3 Namz-e chsht:

Namz-e chsht comprises of 2 to 12 rakats of naf'lnamz. Time starts from 20 minutes after sunrise andlasts up to nif-n-nahr. It is mstaab to offer Namaz-e-chasht in first part of the day.

adee Shareef: Imm Tirmizee and Ib'n-e Mjah haverecorded this adee ascribing to arat Anas thatuoor-e Aqdas has narrated that:

Allh will build golden palace in paradise for those

who perform 12 rakats namz-e chsht.

7.4 altl auvbeen:

Six-rakats supererogatory (naf'l) namz to be performedafter namz-e maghrib in three sets of two rakat each

adee Shareef:

Whatsoever the sins are, all (even if they are equal tofoam of sea) will be forgiven who perform six-rakats

namz of alt-l Avvbeen after namz-e maghrib.(abrnee)

Documents

Namāz of Mo’min Chapter 07 The Five Daily Namāzes