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Study Guide

Chapter 8

Greek Civilization

Key Vocabulary Terms:

1) myth: a traditional story that explains the practices or beliefs of a people, or something in the natural world

2) ritual: words or actions that are part of a religious ceremony

3) oracle: a sacred shrine where a priest or priestess spoke for a god or goddess

4) fable: a story meant to teach a lesson

5) oral tradition: the custom of passing along stories by speech

6) drama: a story written in the form of a play

7) tragedy: a play or film in which characters fail to overcome serious problems

8) comedy: a play or film that tells a humorous story

9) Sophists: Greek teachers of philosophy, reasoning, and public speaking

10) rhetoric: the art of public speaking and debate

11) Socratic method: philosophical method of questioning to gain truth

12) Hippocratic Oath: a set of promises about patient care that new doctors make when they start practicing medicine

13) cavalry: part of an army in which the soldiers ride horses

14) Hellenistic Era: the time period following the

death of Alexander during which Greek culture spread through the known world

15) Epicureanism: the philosophy of Epicurus, stating that the purpose of life is to look for happiness and peace

16) Stoicism: the philosophy of the Stoics who believed that people should not try to feel joy or sadness

17) Circumference: the outer border of a circle; the measurement of that border

18) Plane geometry: a branch of mathematics centered around measurement and relationships of points, lines, angles, and surfaces of figures on a plane

19) Solid geometry: a branch of mathematics about measurement and relationships of points, lines, angles, surfaces, and solids in three-dimensional space

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Lesson 8-1 Study Guide: Greek Culture

Multiple Choice

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Through mythology, the Greek people expressed their

a. religious beliefs.

b. love of poetry.

c. love of sport.

d. political beliefs.

2. This Greek poet wrote several epic poems about heroic deeds, including the Iliad.

a. Aesop

b. Odysseus

c. Croesus

d. Homer

3. What are the two types of drama that the Greeks performed at religious festivals?

a. comedy and tragedy

b. myth and fable

c. epic and tragedy

d. comedy and myth

4. The three best-known dramatists who wrote Greek tragedies were Aeschylus, Euripides, and

a. Aristophanes.

b. Homer.

c. Sophocles.

d. Aesop.

5. The three types of columns the Greeks used in their buildings were Doric, Ionic, and

a. Athenian.

b. Corinthian.

c. Parthenon.

d. Gregorian.

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Matching

Match each item with the correct statement below.

A. fable

B. myth

C. epic

D. oracle

E. oral tradition

______ 6. a long poem about heroic deeds

______ 7. a short tale that teaches a lesson

______ 8. a priest or priestess who could tell the future

______ 9. a traditional story about gods and goddesses

______ 10. the custom of passing along stories by speech

11. Although they are both a type of drama, what is the difference between the way a tragedy and a comedy end?

12. Whom did all Greeks worship as their chief god?

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Lesson 8-2 Study Guide: The Greek Mind

Multiple Choice

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. This philosopher taught that the universe was governed by the same laws as music and numbers.

a. Plato

b. Pythagoras

c. Aristotle

d. Herodotus

2. The word philosophy means

a. “love of history.”

b. “love of science.”

c. “love of wisdom.”

d. “love of mathematics.”

3. Socrates was an Athenian sculptor whose true love was

a. writing.

b. drama.

c. philosophy.

d. giving lectures.

4. After he compared 158 governments to find the best one, who wrote the book Politics?

a. Plato

b. Aristotle

c. Thucydides

d. Herodotus

5. Who is considered to be the “father of history”?

a. Herodotus

b. Thucydides

c. Aristotle

d. Plato

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Matching

Match each item with the correct statement below.

A. Socratic method

B. philosophers

C. Sophist

D. Plato

E. Thucydides

______ 6. student of Socrates who wrote the Republic

______ 7. thinkers who created new bodies of knowledge through teaching subjects such as history, political science,

biology, and logic

______ 8. considered to be the greatest historian of the ancient world

______ 9. a traveling professional teacher

______ 10. a way of teaching by asking questions that is still used today

11. What Greek scientist is known as the “father of medicine”?

Essay

12. Why did Socrates disagree with the Sophists?

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13. Complete the following chart:

THINKER OR GROUP

SOPHISTS SOCRATES PLATO ARISTOTLE

MAIN IDEA

IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION

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Lesson 8-3 Study Guide: Alexander's Empire

Multiple Choice

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Which public speaker said that the Macedonian king Philip II was considered a threat to Greek freedom?

a. Plato

b. Aristotle

c. Demosthenes

d. Thucydides

2. Alexander and his army of 40,000 Greek and Macedonian soldiers, including cavalry units, defeated an army of

Persians in modern-day northwestern Turkey in the Battle of

a. Granicus.

b. Syria.

c. Alexandria.

d. Gaugamela.

3. Alexander’s main enemy, the king of the Persians, was

a. Phillip II.

b. Issus.

c. Homer.

d. Darius III.

4. After his death, Alexander’s empire fell apart because his

a. wife gave away the throne.

b. army was sick with plague.

c. children did not like war.

d. generals fought one another.

5. In Hellenistic kingdoms, government business was conducted in which language?

a. Egyptian

b. Persian

c. Greek

d. Macedonian

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Matching

Match each item with the correct statement below.

A. Hellenistic Era

B. legacy

C. Alexander the Great

D. Alexandria

E. Philip II

______ 6. a time when Greek ideas spread to non-Greek people

______ 7. became king of Macedonia at age 20

______ 8. Macedonian admirer of Greek ideas who planned to conquer Persia

______ 9. founded by Alexander in Egypt

______ 10. what a person leaves behind when he or she dies

11. Describe the city of Alexandria.

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Lesson 8-4 Study Guide: The Hellenistic World

Multiple Choice

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Alexandria was the Greek capital of Egypt, and was most famous among scholars for its

a. grand art museums.

b. exciting architecture.

c. famous theaters.

d. vast library.

2. Hellenistic kings wanted which city to serve as a cultural model for all other cities?

a. Athens

b. Alexandria

c. Rhodes

d. Zeno

3. Who is known as “the father of medicine”?

a. Hypatia

b. Aristarchus

c. Hippocrates

d. Hipparchus

4. The Greek scientist who concluded that the sun is the center of the solar system, and that the Earth revolves around the

Sun, was

a. Aristarchus.

b. Euclid.

c. Eratosthenes.

d. Epicurus.

5. Archimedes, a scientist, mathematician, and inventor, is best known in the field of mathematics for

a. inventing plane geometry.

b. computing the closest value of pi.

c. organizing mathematical ideas into the book “Elements.”

d. figuring the circumference of the Earth.

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Matching

Match each item with the correct statement below.

A. plane geometry

B. Eratosthenes

C. Epicureanism

D. Stoicism

E. solid geometry

______ 6. the astronomer who concluded that Earth is round

______ 7. Happiness comes from doing your duty and following reason, not emotion.

______ 8. a type of mathematics that relates points, lines, surfaces, and angles to one another

______ 9. a type of mathematics that deals with spheres and cylinders

______ 10. Happiness through moderate pleasure and freedom from fear and pain is the goal of life.

11. How did the Greek city-states react to Rome’s growing power and what was the result of the Greeks’ reaction?

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Chapter 8 Review (Lessons 1-4)

True / False

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1. Macedonia gained power in the ancient world during the reign of King Philip II.

A) True

B) False

2. Many Greeks visited an oracle to find out about the future.

A) True

B) False

3. The Parthenon is an example of a Greek theater.

A) True

B) False

4. Aristotle’s writing had no effect on the writing of the U.S. Constitution.

A) True

B) False

5. The gods in Greek myths have great powers but look and act like human beings.

A) True

B) False

Multiple Choice

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

6. Homer’s epic, the Iliad, is about

A) Alexander the Great.

B) Gilgamesh.

C) the oracle at Delphi.

D) the Trojan War.

7. Aesop’s fables were a part of Greek

A) architecture.

B) oral tradition.

C) politics.

D) temples.

8. Who thought that governments should be headed by philosopher-kings

A) Alexander the Great

B) Aristophanes

C) Jason

D) Plato

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9. Aristotle taught his students the

A) “golden mean.”

B) “golden rule.”

C) golden way.

D) Golden Fleece.

10. Who was sentenced to death for his teachings?

A) Plato

B) Socrates

C) Archidemes

D) Aristotle

11. Who taught students that the universe followed the same laws that governed music and numbers?

A) Hippocrates

B) Thucydides

C) Pythagoras

D) Miletus

12. Which Greek scientist concluded that Earth was round?

A) Euclid

B) Archimedes

C) Eratosthenes

D) Epicurus

Matching

A) Sophocles

B) Hellenistic Era

C) Sophists

D) Alexander

E) Stoics

______ 13. a commander in the army at 16 and a ruler at 20

______ 14. rejected the idea of absolute right or wrong

______ 15. a great Athenian writer who stressed courage and understanding

______ 16. a time when Greek culture spread through the known world

______ 17. believed that happiness resulted from using reason