Name: · I have spent over 20 years searching for the best representations of Ryukyu Kempo Karate and Kobudo in the world. I have met and trained with the best practitioners and teachers

Student Guide

5th Edition

January, 2018

Ryukyu Kempo Karate and Kobudo

Tauranga, New Zealand

Name: _____________________________

Copyright Ryukenkan Ryukyu Kempo Karate & Kobudo 2018

Contents Welcome to your studies............................................................................................................................... 3

Our Lineage........................................................................................................................................................ 5

Where is Okinawa? .......................................................................................................................................... 12

Dojo Kun .......................................................................................................................................................... 17

Guiding Principles ............................................................................................................................................ 17

Terminology ..................................................................................................................................................... 19

Etiquette .......................................................................................................................................................... 26

Kata .................................................................................................................................................................. 28

Kobudo ............................................................................................................................................................ 29

Randori and Kumite ......................................................................................................................................... 31

Heiho ............................................................................................................................................................... 33

Power Testing .................................................................................................................................................. 34


3

Welcome to your studies

Welcome to a study of life itself, taught through lessons of motion and interaction with other people.

Ryukyu Kempo Karate and Kobudo will challenge and stimulate you. The end result is worth more than anyone

will ever expect.

I have spent over 20 years searching for the best representations of Ryukyu Kempo Karate and Kobudo in the

world. I have met and trained with the best practitioners and teachers available.

At Ryukenkan Dojo, we teach the art as it was taught by the founder Taika Seiyu Oyata.

The Ryukenkan Dojo is a pioneer in the New Zealand Martial Arts. We Introduced the Oyata lineage of Ryukyu

Kempo to New Zealand in 2004 and it has grown from here. You join a select group of people who study these

methods in the Southern Hemisphere.

As you travel the path of learning, we will learn and grow together. You will share your experiences and

understanding of life with others as they share theirs with you. We will all grow and be better human beings as a

result of your efforts and study.

Thank you for coming to learn with us and thank you for the unique perspective you will bring to our studies and

lives.

May your experience of Ryukyu Kempo Karate and Kobudo bring all the rewards that I and others have

experienced through the years. Welcome to our family.

Yours On The Path

Marty Rickard

Renshi, Ryukenkan Dojo

September 2017


5

Our Lineage

Ryukyu Kempo has been passed down to us through the teachings of the following Masters.

Chomo Hanashiro (1889 – 1952)

Hanashiro Chomo was born in 1869 and at an early age began training with the man many consider to be the greatest of all Tote masters, Matsumura Sokon (1809-1901), well known as "Bushi" Matsumura. Matsumura was quite an old man at the time and Hanashiro was primarily a student of one of Matsumura's senior students, Itosu Anko (1830-1915). Itosu shaped modern karate as much as any other person in history and spearheaded a movement to bring Tote into the Okinawan school system around the turn of the century. Hanashiro remained with Itosu, and acted as an assistant instructor for him up until his death in 1915. From early in the 20th century, Hanashiro taught gymnastics at a junior high school in Shuri (Okinawa's capital) which gave him an excellent opportunity to aid Itosu in the introduction of Tote into the school system. In the 1920's, Hanashiro Chomo was one of the most highly regarded karate masters

in Okinawa, this was acknowledged even by other masters.

Kenstu Yabu (1860 – 1937) A prominent Shorin-ryu master, Kentsu Yabu was known for his fighting ability. It is

said that he never lost a fight, beating even the great Choki Motobu in a famous

challenge match. Yabu began his Karate training under Sokon "Bushi" Matsumura and

later continued under Matsumura's top student, Yasutsune Itosu. His classmates under

these two teachers included such future masters as Chomo Hanashiro, Gichin

Funakoshi, and Chotoku Kyan. Yabu was one of the first ever to teach Karate in the

Okinawa school system (under Itosu's supervision) and, in 1927, traveled to Hawaii

where he taught Karate for almost a year before returning to Okinawa. During the Sino-

Japanese war (1894-95), Yabu fought on the Chinese mainland as a sergeant in the

Japanese army. From this experience came his ferocious fighting style as well as the

nickname "The Sergeant" which remained with him for the rest of his life. Though Yabu

was never defeated, he never hurt an opponent except in war. Among his students was Shigeru Nakamura,

founder of Okinawa Kempo.


6

Motobu Choyu (1865 – 1927) Choyu Motobu, the first-born son of a ranking lord and a descendent of the Ryukyuan

King Sho Shitsu (reigned 1648-1669), was trained in go-ten-te (palace hand), the secret

martial art of the royal family which had been handed down within the Motobu family

from father to first-born son for eleven generations. it was a soft art incorporating

many throws and grappling techniques and lacking formal stances, blocks, and katas.

Born in Shuri, Choyu Motobu served as a martial arts instructor to the last of the

Okinawan kings, Sho Tai, who reigned from 1848 until 1879 when the Japanese

deposed the Ryukyuan imperial family. Choyu's own first-born son had died early, his

second-born had no interest in preserving the art, so, with the end of the Okinawan royal lineage, Choyu broke

with tradition and taught his system to a family outsider, Seikichi Uehara, who named it Motobu-ryu

Motobu Choki (1871 – 1944) Choki Motobu is perhaps the most controversial of all the great Karate masters. He first

gained notoriety as a bully and a braggart, and, though in later life he adopted a more

humble attitude, he was never able to outlive his earlier reputation.

Like his brother Choyu, Choki Motobu was born in Shuri, but, being his father's third

son, was never taught the family's martial arts system. Instead, he picked up the basics

of te by peeking through dojo fences and trained himself on the makiwara. He lifted

rocks to develop strength and earned the nickname "Saru" (monkey) for his exceptional

leaping ability. He also practiced fighting by brawling in the streets every night with

anyone who'd accommodate him. Though he briefly trained with Itosu and Kosaku Matsumora, his over-

aggressiveness caused both associations to be short-lived.

Late in life, Choki underwent a profound change in attitude. Seeking the true meaning of Karate-do, he dedicated

himself to a serious study of kata under Yabu Kentsu, one of the few men who'd ever beaten him in fighting.

Choki's favorite kata was Naihanchi which he claimed was the only kata required for a mastery of Karate. He

remains best known for his kumite however, and, up until his death, other masters sent their students to him

specifically to learn his free-fighting techniques.

Choki Motobu's famous students include Shoshin Nagamine, founder of Matsu bayashi-ryu; Shigeru Nakamura,

founder of Okinawan Kempo; and Tatsuo Shimabuku, founder of Isshin-ryu.


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Nakamura Shigeru (1894 – 1979) Founder of Okinawa Kempo, Shigeru Nakamura was a living legend and one of

Okinawa's all-time great Karate masters.

Born in the northern town of Nago, Nakamura learned the basics of te from his father

who, unfortunately, died when Shigeru was only ten. He then trained under his uncle

and his uncle's good friend, Choki Motobu. From Motobu, Nakamura learned free

fighting and the kata Naihanchi.

Nakamura studied under Kentsu Yabu and Chomo Hanashiro, two of Itosu's students, at

the Prefectural Number One School, and, upon entering the Prefectural Teachers'

Training College, was able to study with Itosu himself.

Eventually, Nakamura opened his own dojo, simply calling his style Okinawa-te as he disliked the idea of Karate

being divided into separate styles. Later, in an attempt to unite all Okinawan Karate and raise its status to that of

Japanese kendo and judo, he formed the Okinawa Kempo Association and served as its president. Though the

association disbanded upon Nakamura's death, his students retained the name Okinawa Kempo for their style.

Oyata Seiyu (1928 - 2012 ) Seiyu Oyata studied with many great Masters before immigrating to the United States. Oyata was a student of Shigeru Nakamura from whom he learnt the empty hand kata which are taught in Ryukyu Kempo today. Oyata studied with two other great Masters, those being Uhugushiku and Wakinaguri. Little is known about these men other than they passed on the traditions of Ryukyu no Te (Ryukyu Hands) and Ryukyu Kobudo (Ryukyu weapons) to Mr. Oyata. While Oyata was not the first person to use the name Ryukyu Kempo to describe his teachings, he was the first person to introduce the term into the world of modern martial arts. Mr. Oyata went on to further refine his particular methods of Ryukyu Kempo and named his way Oyata Shin Shu Ho which translates as the “Oyata Truthful Hands Method”. Very few people have been certified as representatives of Oyata Shin Shu Ho. Mr. Oyata passed away on the 18th of June 2012.


8

Albert O Geraldi, Hanshi Hanshi Geraldi was the first American student to study Ryukyu Kempo Karate under Taika Oyata. As Taika Oyata’s oldest living senior student, Mr Geraldi holds the keys to Taika Oyata’s original teachings from the Machiminato Dojo in Okinawa. One of Hanshi Geraldi’s passions in Ryukyu Kempo is the promotion of Full Contact Bogu Kumite. His expertise in this field is immense. As a long time Law Enforcement officer and Special Forces soldier, Hanshi has years

of experience in actual hands-on close combat and life protection.

Renshi Rickard maintains a friendship with Hanshi Geraldi and members of his organisation.

Allan Amor Kaicho Amor founded the United Ryukyu Kempo Alliance after training for 16 years with

Taika Oyata.

Renshi Rickard studied with Kaicho Amor for more than a decade before and with his

assistance Renshi established the practice of authentic Ryukyu Kempo Karate and

Kobudo in New Zealand.

Fall Down Seven Times, Get Up Eight.

The embodiment of Dojo Kun 3

“Cultivate Perseverance

or a Will for Striving.”

Keep Working

until you reach your goals.

Nana Korobi Ya Oki


9

Other Important Names

Tode Sakugawa (1733 – 1815) Also known as Kanga Sakugawa and Sakugawa Satunushi, was an Okinawan martial

arts master and major contributor to the development of “Te”, the precursor to

modern karate.

In 1750, Sakugawa began his training as a student of an Okinawan monk, Peichin Takahara. After six years of training, Takahara suggested that Sakugawa train under Kusanku, a Chinese master. Sakugawa spent six years training with Kusanku, and began to spread what he learned to Okinawa in 1762. He became such an expert that people gave the nickname "Tōde" Sakugawa ("Chinese Hand" Sakugawa). His most famous student, Bushi Matsumura, went on to develop the Shuri-te, which later developed into the Shōrin-ryū style of karate. The Dojo Kun used by our dojo was created by Sakugawa, and several of our kobudo forms bear his name also.

Takahara Peichin (1683-1760) Revered as a great warrior, Takahara is attributed to have been the first to explain the aspects or principles of the word “Do” ("way"). These principals are:

1 Ijo: The Way of compassion, humility and love. 2 Katsu: The Laws – A complete understanding of all techniques and forms of karate, 3 Fo: Dedication - Seriousness of karate that must be understood not only in practice, but in

actual Life Protection. The collective translation is: "One's duty to himself and his fellow man." Most importantly, he was the first teacher of Tode Sakugawa. There are no known photographs or images of Takahara Peichin.


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Kusanku (circa 1720 – 1790) Kusanku was a Chinese martial artist who lived during the 18th century. He is credited as having an influence on virtually all karate-derived martial arts. Kusanku learned the art of “Chuan Fa” in China from a Shaolin monk. He was thought to have resided (and possibly studied martial arts) in the Fukien province for much of his life. Around 1756, Kusanku was sent to Okinawa as an ambassador of the Qing Dynasty. He resided in the village of Kanemura, near Naha City. During his stay in Okinawa, Kusanku instructed Tode Sakukawa. It is recorded that in 1761 a Chinese known as Kusanku displayed Chinese boxing and grappling techniques to a delighted audience. Sakugawa trained under Kusanku for six years. After Kusanku's death, Sakugawa developed and named the Kusanku kata in honor of his teacher.

Kiai

“Energy Harmony”

The shouting in Karate is called Kiai.

Kiai is used to bring all the body’s

energy together into one focal point.

This is similar to when we “grunt”

while lifting heavy objects.


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Matsumura Sokon (Bushi Matsumura) (circa 1809 - 1901) Matsumura was born in Yamagawa Village, Shuri, Okinawa. He began the study of karate under the guidance of Tode Sakugawa. Sakugawa was an old man at the time and reluctant to teach the young Matsumura, who was regarded as something of a troublemaker. However, Sakugawa had promised Matsumura’s father, that he would teach the boy, and thus he did. Matsumura spent five years studying under Sakugawa. As a young man, Matsumura had already garnered a reputation as an expert in the martial arts. Matsumura was recruited into the service of the royal family of the Ryukyu Kingdom in 1816. He began his career by serving King Shō Kō. Matsumura eventually became the chief martial arts instructor and bodyguard for the King. He subsequently served in this capacity for the last two Okinawan kings, Shō Iku and Shō Tai. Matsumura traveled on behalf of the royal government to Fuzhou and Satsuma. He studied martial arts in China and brought what he had learned back to Okinawa.

Yasutsune “Anko” Itosu (1831 – 1915) Itosu was small in stature, shy, and introverted as a child. He was raised in a strict home and was educated in the Chinese classics and calligraphy. Itosu’s karate study eventually led him to Bushi Matsumura. Legend has it that Part of Itosu's training was makiwara practice. He once tied a leather sandal to a stone wall in an effort to build a better makiwara. After several strikes, the stone fell from the wall. After relocating the sandal several times, Itosu had destroyed the wall. Itosu served as a secretary to the last king of the Ryukyu Islands. In 1901, he was instrumental in getting karate introduced into Okinawa's schools. In 1905, Itosu was a part-time teacher of karate at Okinawa's First Junior Prefectural High School. He created and introduced the Pinan kata as learning steps for students, because he felt the older forms were too difficult for schoolchildren to learn. The five Pinan were created by drawing from two older kata: Kusanku and the less common kata Channan. Another legend has it that Itosu is also credited with taking the large Naihanchi kata and breaking it into the three well-known modern forms Naihanchi Shodan, Naihanchi Nidan, and Naihanchi Sandan. Anko Itsu was the teacher to both Chomo Hanashiro and Kentsu Yabu.


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Shinkichi Kuniyoshi (1848 - 1926) Kuniyoshi was born in Kumoji village (now a part of Naha city) and moved to Tomari village later. Legend has it that Kuniyoshi was renowned for his powerful fist, and his punch was strong enough to sink into the ground to his wrist when he hit it. He studied traditional Tomari-te and was known as "Tomari Bushi Kuniyoshi". He moved to Yanbaru (northern part of Okinawa island) from Tomari village in his late years and taught "Te" to Shigeru Nakamura and others. Kuniyoshi lives on through the Kuniyoshi no Sai kobudo kata.

Karate ni sente nashi

There is no first strike in Karate

Karate is made to protect life,

Not to attack or assault.

The best strategies lie in waiting for

the attacker to make their mistake,

then use that against them.


13

Where is Okinawa? Okinawa is the largest island in the Ryukyu group and sits to the south of Korea, South-Southwest of Japan and slightly Northeast of Taiwan. Okinawa is the home of all Martial Arts that claim to be Karate. Ryukyu Kempo has a long history that is a tapistry of all that is Okinawan.


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The Castles of Okinawa

What do castles have to do with Karate? The protection skills taught in the Okinawan Martial Arts, in particular the weapons skill of Kobudo were honed

by the warriors who served in the castles of Okinawa.

Names like Uhugushuku, Matsumura and Sakugawa have long histories with the Gusuku (castles) of the Ryukyu

Kingdom.

The history contained in the stones and land these castles occupy is the life blood of the Karate.

In our art, we use the castles, their stories and their people as learning tools to reinforce the lessons we teach.

Some of our exercises are based on “battles” between castles to help understand the different roles of the

people involved.

At some of our camps and tournaments, we will split into teams representing different castles and “battle” to

prove which is superior.

Brief histories of some of the more important castles are below.

Shuri Jo Shuri Castle located in Shuri, Okinawa. It was the palace of the Ryukyu

Kingdom. In 1945, during the Battle of Okinawa, it was almost completely

destroyed. In 1958, the Shureimon gate was reconstructed, and, in 1992,

the main building of the castle was reconstructed. At present, the entire

area around the castle has been established as Shuri Castle Park.

The date of construction is uncertain, but Shuri Jo was in use as a castle in

the years between 1322 – 1429. For 450 years from the beginning of the

15th century, it was the royal court and administrative centre of the

Ryukyu Kingdom. It was the focal point of foreign trade, as well as the

political, economic and cultural heart of Ryukyu.


15

Zakimi Castle Zakimi Castle is in Yomitan, Okinawa. It is currently in ruins, but the walls

and foundations have been restored. Built between 1416 and 1422 by the

renowned Ryukyuan militarist Gosamaru, Zakimi Castle oversaw the

northern portion of the Okinawan mainland. The fortress has two inner

courts, each with an arched gate. This is Okinawa's first stone arch gate

featuring the unique keystone masonry of the Ryukyus.

Before and during World War II, the castle was used as a gun emplacement

by the Japanese, and after the war it was used as a radar station by the US forces. Some of the walls were

destroyed in order to install the radar equipment, but they have since been restored.

Katsuren Castle Katsuren Castle was built on a large hill of limestone, 98 meters above sea

level on the Katsuren Peninsula. With the Pacific Ocean on two sides, it is

also called the "Ocean Gusuku". Its "golden age" was in the mid-15th

century, under the powerful lord of Katsuren, Amawari. Precious tile and

Chinese porcelain of the era have been excavated from Katsuren.

Such remains testify to the magnificence of the ancient structure and the

robust trade between Japan, Korea, China, and Southeast Asia. The castle also has an active shrine of the Ryukyu

religion within the first bailey dedicated to Kobazukasa.

Nakijin Castle In the late 14th century, Nakijin was the fortress of Hokuzan in the north of

Ryukyu. The fortress includes several sacred Utaki groves, reflecting the

gusuku's role as a center of religious activity. It is located on the Motobu

peninsula, on a rocky outcropping, facing out over the East China Sea.

The royal residence was located at the highest part of the complex and was

surrounded by a small garden with a spring. Three shrines stood at the

highest point. In another enclosure, were residences and administrative buildings. The stonework of the walls,

while rough, was very solid. The castle saw three generations of rulers before being attacked and destroyed in

1416.

The ruins are known for the view out over the East China Sea, for the grandeur of the castle walls, and for the

expansive space of the castle grounds.


16

Nakagusku Castle Nakagusuku Castle is located in the village of Kitanakagusuku.,

Around the middle of the 14th century the first generation of

Nakagusuku lords made Nakagusuku their residence. In the early 15th

century, following the order of the King, the legendary Ryukyu

commander, Lord Gosamaru moved from Zakimi Castle to Nakagusuku

Castle in order to prepare for an attack on Katsuren Castle.

Lord Gosamaru killed himself because he knew that the king sent Lord

Amawari of Katsuren and the General of his army, to defeat him. After Lord Gosamaru’s death, the royal family

members or its representatives managed the site until 1469.

In 1947, the civil government gave an order to the Mayor of Nakagusuku to designate the castle as a park. In

1961 restoration work for the castle’s stonewalls began. The restoration work took seven years to complete.

Chibana Gusuku Chibana castle is located in Chibana village, northeast of Katsuren castle.

The castle is located high on a natural fortress. The origins of Chibana

castle are not known, but it can be assumed it was built in the 14th

century around the time of many of the other gusuku.

In the 15th century, Chibana castle was ruled by Lord Kenyu Uhugushuku,

who was known by his nickname “Uni” meaning “devil” due to his

strength and fierce looks. Taika Oyata’s original teacher Uhugushuku no

Tan Mei was a descendant of Uni Uhugushuku.

Ko Bu Do

“Ancient Warrior Way”

Kobudo refers to the study of weapon

skills, which predates

the empty hand protection arts.

Many Okinawan Bushi (warriors) were

skilled in empty hand and weapons

methods, along with arts, literature,

poetry and music.


17

Dojo Kun

1. Strive for a good moral character.

(Jinkaku Kansei Ni Tsutomeru Koto)

2. Keep an honest and sincere way.

(Makoto No Michi Wo Mamoru Koto)

3. Cultivate perseverance or a will for striving.

Doryoku No Seishin Wo Yashinau Koto)

4. Develop a respectful attitude.

(Reigi Wo Omonzuru Koto)

5. Restrain my physical abilities through spiritual attainment.

(Kekki No Yu Wo Imashimeru Koto)

All students who test Black Belt must present a hand

brushed Dojo Kun that they have created themselves.


18

Guiding Principles

Code of Conduct

1. When asking to be taught, be submissive and free from prejudice, accept the teachings as shown. In

this way, you will not establish your own peculiarities or bad habits.

2. Be polite and obedient to the master and other superiors. Be courteous among fellow students and

followers. You must strive to develop humbleness.

3. Cultivate a spirit of perseverance. You will develop a healthy body if you have strength of mind and

train fearlessly.

4. Strive to be a warrior for the construction of a peaceful and free world by using the character building,

morality and spirituality contained in the way of karate.

5. In daily conduct, do not encourage fights or arguments.

6. Move from easy to difficult and from simple to complicated. More time is required to train longer and

harder as you progress. Do not hurry or engage in senseless or reckless practice. Develop gradually.

7. Become familiar with the use of the makiwara and other training equipment. Train yourself to use your

fist body and positions. Be patient and study earnestly the katas and matches. Do not aim for hurried

success.

8. In the past, a single kata was studied for three years. A long time ago a particular master studied a kata

for over ten years. Do not think you have mastered a kata and become proud of your success. Pride will

lead to hurt your achievement in virtue and technique, thus pride can be like a poison to the world.

9. Take care not to develop only your favorite technique neglecting others because this will leave a

weakness in your defense. Be cautious not to become to theoretical or technical because these to are

weaknesses.

10. Ask questions freely of the master and other superiors because you must strive to understand what you

are learning.

February 15, 1964

Okinawan Kempo Karate Dojo

Nakamura Sensei


19

Terminology

Counting

English Japanese Pronouced like… One Ichi (itch) Two Ni (knee) Three San (sarn) Four Shi (she) Five Go (go) Six Roku (rock-oo) Seven Shichi (she-chee) Eight Hachi (ha-chee) Nine Ku (koo) Ten Ju (joo) Eleven Ju Ichi (joo itch) Twenty Ni Ju (knee joo) Twenty Four Ni Ju Yon (knee joo yon) Thirty San Ju (sarn joo) Forty Yon Ju (yon joo) Forty Four Yon Ju Yon (yon joo yon) One Hundred Hyaku (hee-ah-koo)

Commands

Attention Kyotsuke (key-ot-skay) Bow Rei (ray) Begin Hajime (ha-gee-may) Stop Yamae (yah-may) Ready Yoi (yaw-ee) Kneel Suwate (sue-wah-tay) Stand Tate (tah-tay)


20

Common Terms

A Ageru Body rise or lift

Ashi Barai

Ashi Sabaki

Foot sweep

Foot motion – stepping exercises

Atemi Rapid strike

B Bo

Bogu

1.8m / 6’ Staff (see Kobudo section)

Protective armour for full contact fighting

Bunkai Applications of kata

Bu War

Budo Warriors way of life

Bujutsu Arts of War

Bushi Warrior

C Chizikunbo Small Stick (see Kobudo section)

Chudan Middle level (between chest and navel)

D Dan Black-belt level

Dojo Training hall

Domo Arigato Gozaimasu “Thank You” (very formal)

E Empi Elbow

Eiku Weapon made from a Boat Oar

F Fumikomi Stomping

G Gedan Lower level (below navel)

Gedan Barai Lower-level sweep/strike


21

Getami Press / Smash / Compress

Gi Kempo uniform

Go Five

H Hachi Eight

Hai Yes

Haisho Backhand strike

Haito Ridgehand strike

Hajime Begin

Hidari Left

Hiji Elbow

Hiku Pull

I Ichi One

Irimi Entering, moving inward

Isshin

Ippon

“One Heart, One Mind, One Spirit”

Single motion or technique. Single point

J Jiyu Kumite Freeform sparring

Jo 1.2m / 4’ Staff (see Kobudo section)

Jodan Upper level (above chest)

Jodan Age Uke Upper-level fist strike – Rising strike

Jodan Shuto Uchi Upper-level knifehand strike

Ju Ten

K Kama Small sickle (see Kobudo section)

Kamae Stances and postures

Karate Translated means "Chinese Hand"

Kata Forms practice

Kempo "Fist Law" or “Fist way”


22

Kenkyu Transition or Connection

Kihon Basic movements

Kobudo “Old Warrior Way” – Weapons skills

Koken Uke Strike using the back of the wrist

Kuchibushi “Mouth Warrior” – Someone who talks more than trains

Kumite

Kusanku

Sparring – literally “connected hands”

Empty Hand Kata – Teaches combinations and motion

Kuzushi To be off-balance, to break the balance

Kyu Nine

Kyu Coloured-belt grade

Kyusho Pressure-point striking

Kyotsuke “Attention”

Keiko Training

M Mae Geri Front kick

Mae Kaiten Front roll

Mae Ukemi Front breakfall

Manji Sai Steel truncheon (see Kobudo section)

Mawashi Geri Round/Turning kick

Mawate Turn (180 degrees)

Michi Road / Path ‘Roadmap’

Migi Right

Musubi Dachi ‘V' foot stance

N Nagare ‘To Flow’

Naha Fishing village of Okinawa

Naihanchi Empty-hand kata – The foundation of our art

Naihanchi Dachi Naihanchi Stance

Neko Ashi Dachi Cat foot stance


23

Ni Two

Nihon Tsuki

Niseishi

Double punch

Empty Hand Kata – Contains grabbing and throwing motions

Nukite Uke Spearhand strike

Nunchaku Wooden Flail (see Kobudo section)

Nunti Bo Spear (see Kobudo section)

O Okinawa Largest of the Ryukyu Islands

Onegaishimasu ‘Please Teach Me’

P Passai

Pinan

Empty Hand Kata – Uses many open handed techniques

Series of 5 kata teaching basic combinations and angular footwork

R Rei

Reigi

Bow

Respect

Roku Six

Ryukyu Old name for the chain of islands of which Okinawa is the largest Renzoku Continuous

S Sageru Body drop

Sakugawa Famous Karate Master

Sai Steel Truncheon (see Kobudo section)

San Three

Sasoi Pre-emptive strike

Seiza Kneel

Seisan

Senmeisen

Empty-hand kata – Focuses on hard striking and kicking

Vertical centreline

Sensei Teacher

Shi Four

Shichi Seven


24

Shodisha Instructor

Shihan Senior Instructor

Shin True / Truthful

Shizen Natural Stance

Shodan “Little Tree” – 1st Level Black Belt

Shonin Bushi Young Warrior

Shotei Palm strike

Shuri Village of Okinawa

Shuto Knifehand strike

Soto Uke

Suiheisen

Outer forearm strike

Horizontal centreline – lit. ‘Horizon’

Sumimasen “Please Excuse Me”

T

Tai Sabaki Body movement

Tanbo Weapon (see Kobudo section)

Tanto Knife

Te Hand

Tetsui Hammerfist strike

Todome Heavy strike that incapacitates

Tomari Village of Okinawa

Tonfa Weapon (see Kobudo section)

Toude Old name for Karate

Tuite Pressure-point grappling

U Uchi Strike

Uchikome Punch (To “Push the forearm through”)

Ude Forearm

Uraken Uchi Backfist strike

Ushiro Kaiten Back roll


25

Ushiro Ukemi Back breakfall

W Wakarimasen I do not understand

Wakarimasu ka Do you understand?

Y Yamae Stop

Yoi Ready

Yoko Geri Side kick

Yoko Kaiten Side roll

Yoko Ukemi Side breakfall

Z Zanshin Mental focus


26

Etiquette

Taitaikiyo

There is a code of conduct which all students must abide by during the study of martial arts. Etiquette is paramount

to good order and training and good reflection on all we learn through martial arts from our teachers. Etiquette is

also important in everyday life – good manners, respectful speech and tidy appearance are the hallmarks of a

Warrior.

1. Juniors should always bow to seniors. This is like a salute in the military. Bowing shows respect between

people. In years gone by, bowing was also customary in Western civilisations.

2. As in everyday life, it is impolite to interrupt people when they are speaking to one another. Wait your

turn, or if it is important, say “Sumimasen” (Excuse me).

3. Try not to walk between two people who are talking. If you must, hold up your hand, slightly bow and

say ‘Sumimasen’.

4. There should be no food in the dojo, unless for special occasions. Chewing gum is not allowed in the dojo,

nor is it encouraged elsewhere. “Chewing like a cow” is not a sign of respect for yourself or others.

5. During class, when the instructor begins to talk, drop down on the right knee. If they begin to talk for a

while during the explanation, it is permissible to enter seiza.

6. You must not reprimand a junior rank when a senior is present or in the area. If there is a problem, have

the senior deal with it.

7. You should never touch a senior’s obi (belt) unless they have asked you to do so.

8. Your belt should be respected, always keep it folded neatly when not wearing it. Never leave it on the

floor.

9. Learn to speak politely. Harsh speech is not an endearing quality. Avoid speaking poorly of others, as this

is not a quality.

10. Always be on time for the start of class. If you arrive late, bow into the dojo. Stand and wait, or sit in

seiza until acknowledged and respectfully request permission to enter the training.

11. You should not give instruction in any technique without the senior’s or instructor’s consent. Aside from

safety reasons, if you make a mistake during your teaching, you may cause confusion with other students.

12. Try to never be boastful or speak in a loud voice. People who speak softly and clearly show control and

manners.

13. Arrive to class in a clean and tidy manner. Ensure you nails are clean and properly trimmed to prevent

injury to others. Keep your uniform clean and tidy.

14. Always show respect and courtesy all people.

15. Always pay close attention when a senior is speaking, teaching, or demonstrating technique.


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16. Jewellery must not be worn in class. Mostly for safety reasons, but also because of the possibility of

damage.

17. Open wounds must be covered for the safety of others in class.


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Kata

Naihanchi Kata History

The history of the Naihanchi kata is that of karate itself. The Naihanchi Shodan kata is considered to be a kata of

the Shuri Te lineage of karate. Tode (Shungo) Sakugawa is considered to be the first true practitioner of karate,

particularly Shuri Te. His art was a mixture of Shuri Te, the native Ryukyu fighting art, and Chinese Kempo.

Sakugawa was a student of a Chinese military envoy Kusanku. After training with Kusanku, Sakugawa also became

known as Tode Sakugawa, Tode referring to Chinese Kempo.

Sakugawa became the teacher of Soken Matsumura. Soken Matsumura became a well-known and highly skilled

martial artist. Matsumura was so revered for this skill that he served as the personal bodyguard for the 17th, 18th

& 19th Kings of the Ryukyu Islands and as the Chief Martial Arts Instructor as well. Matsumura was also called

Bushi Matsumura. Bushi, meaning warrior.

Matsumura studied with other martial artists of the day as well. This included Chinto, Iwah & Wai Shinzan who

were all Chinese martial artists living on Ryukyu. Matsumura also travelled to China and studied martial arts in

the city of Foochow, in the Fukien province. It is from here he brought back the Naihanchi Shodan kata which is

believed to be from the Shouting White Crane style of Kung Fu.

Soken Matsumura passed on the Naihanchi Shodan kata to his grandson Nabe Matsumura who passed it on to

Chomo Hanishiro.

Chomo Hanishiro then passed the Naihanchi Shodan kata to his student Shigeru Nakamura. Nakamura Sensei was

the founder of the Okinawan Kempo Association. It was while studying with Nakamura that Taika Seiyu Oyata

learned this kata.

Karate Do

“Empty Hand Way”

“Kara” can mean empty, as in

“without weapons”, but also

“endless” so that the hand has endless

ways to offer protection.

“Do” signifies a guide which provides

a path to a full and meaningful life.


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Kobudo

Throughout the various grades within the Ryukenkan, we study the following weapons. The purpose of weapons study is to enhance our empty hands skills. Each weapon works the muscles of the body in different ways. In addition to this, the different weapons develop coordination which in turn strengthens the application of the kata.

Bo & Jo The Bo is a wooden staff normally 6 feet long (approx 180cm). The Bo was a common weapon of the gate guards at the castles of Okinawa. The Jo is shorter than the Bo, commonly being 4 feet long (approx 120cm).

Kama The Kama are short sickles which developed into a weapon from their original use as a farm tool. Kama are usually used in pairs, although they can be used singly. Training Kama have either lightweight metal or wooden blades.

Tanbo Tanbo are short batons typically 24 inches in length (approx 60cm). They can be tapered. Larger at the handle end reducing in size down to the striking end, or they can be straight. Tanbo are commonly used in pairs.


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Nunchaku Often referred to as “Okinawan handcuffs” when properly used, the Nunchaku can render an attacker helpless quickly. The Nunchaku originated as a bridle for workhorses – quite different from the shape depicted here.

Eiku The Eiku developed into a weapon from its traditional use as the steering oar from small boats. The Eiku is a heavy weapon which develops strength and flowing motion.

Sai The steel Sai were originally truncheons used by Okinawan warriors. Sai are normally used in pairs.

Tonfa The Tonfa are reputed to have developed from the handles of a wheat grindstone. Like the Sai, Nunchaku, Tanbo and Kama, the Tonfa are commonly used in pairs. The shape of the Tonfa varies dramatically depending upon the place of origin.


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Chizikunbo The Chizikunbo are a short hand held wooden weapon used in pairs. Chizikunbo have a small rope loop which is slipped over the fingers allow the Chizikunbo to be held in the palm of the hand.

Manji Sai As the name indicates, these are a type of Sai, the Manji however are quite different to normal Sai. Manji Sai require a high level of coordination to use well, this making them a difficult weapon to master.

Nunte Bo The Nunte Bo is a cross between a normal Bo and the Manji Sai. Combining the best elements of these two weapons, the Nunte Bo is similar in appearance to an Anglo-Saxon pole-arm. Again, like the Chizikunbo and Manji Sai, we currently study only one kata for this weapon.

“Warrior Way”

“Bushi” are warriors in both

Okinawan and Japanese culture, but

there are differences.

Okinawan Bushido is concerned with

the protection of all life.


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Randori and Kumite

Randori Randori is a form of practice where techniques can be executed completely, while still maintaining safety for all

participants. Often, the attacks or responses may be limited to a certain type to develop particular skills. At

higher levels, the number of attackers is increased to provide additional pressure to the partner practicing their

responses. Randori can also involve the use of weapons against empty hand for a different level of development.

Bogu Kumite Traditionally, Bogu Kumite is the competitive, sporting aspect of Ryukyu Kempo. In some parts of the United States

bogu tournaments are held not unlike other forms of karate.

The word ‘bogu’ means ‘protective equipment’, while ‘kumite’ means ‘to unite hands’, so ‘bogu kumite’ is where

we practice fighting using protective equipment. This allows students to strike at, or near, full power and to

experience the intensity of contact and the body reactions that go with it.

As opposed to a sporting style of fighting, Ryukenkan prefers to focus on attacks which are as close as possible to

what may be encountered in a Life Protection situation.

Any and all techniques are permitted in bogu kumite and as such, partners must be able to control their speed

and power when executing certain types of technique to avoid injury. This applies to locks, throws and techniques

involving weapons.

Kobudo Shobu This form of competition involves the use of weaponry. Each competitor uses the Ryukyu kobudo weapon of his

choice. There is usually only one point issued in each match. Full protective armor is worn. This form of

competition is limited to the upper black belt levels only and has great inherent risk of injuries even with the most

skilled practitioner.


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Heiho

(Basic Strategy) Rokkan To study your opponent to determine their basic physical factors. Observe their actions while walking, talking,

drinking or doing any physical activity.

• Are they left-handed or right-handed?

• How tall are they?

• Are they of large or small stature?

• Does their appearance give away any physical problems?

This will give a picture of their physical makeup and possibly point out their strengths and weakness.

Kenkyu Study your opponent's technique. Observe their actions to determine their skill level and the way in which they

carry themselves. Is there a weakness in the way they move? The way they present their guard? How do they

manage their stance, or their footwork? How strong is their spirit?

Tsuki ga nai Create a diversion by appearing undefended or by showing weakness of spirit or technique. Appear to be open

while being aware of what is really open. Leave an opening in your defence for the opponent to enter, and then

use that against them.

Ichi geki “One Technique”. In strategy, timing is of utmost importance. Strike the opponent when he is at his weakest

point to defend, when he is attacking. Redirect their strike and counter attack in one motion.

Karate ni sente nashi There is no first attack in Karate. As a strategy, this means to attack the opponent after they begin their move,

they will reveal their weak areas and be unable to protect themselves.

Kogeki wa saidai no bogyo nari Use your offense as your defense. If an attack is only diverted, the opponent will continue to attack again.

Defend by attacking weak points to control the attacker. Once you have breached their defence, do not pull back

until they are beaten.

Ai Te Surprise the opponent. Develop footwork and combinations which are your own. Always fight by your rules, not

the opponents.


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Power Testing

Power Testing is used to determine how well a student understands the structure of basic technique. The skills

tested can be developed in a number of ways. The best being the time honoured Ryukyu tradition of Makiwara.

Our power testing is performed in class using a variety of striking bags and pads. At

each grade level there is a power testing requirement. The test is made up of

prescribed techniques and the students must demonstrate the proper form when

striking the target.

The most important part of this training is not muscular strength, but correct

technique. Students are graded on technique. If the technique is correct, the power

will develop naturally.

Power Testing Sets Set 1 Oi Uchi Kome - Straight Punch

Gyaku Uchi Kome - Reverse Punch

Mae Geri - Front Kick

Set 2 Yoko Geri – Side Kick

Mawashi Geri – Round Kick

Nihon Uchi Kome – Double Punch

Sanbon Uchi Kome – Triple Punch

Set 3 Jodan Naihanchi Uchi Kome – Naihanchi Face Punch

Gedan Naihanchi Geri – Low Naihanchi Kick

Pinan Shuto Uchi – Pinan Knife Strike

Set 4 Nine Directions Striking – Open Hand

Set 5 Nine Drections Striking – Attacking Hand

Set 6 Nine Directions Striking – Feet and Legs

Construction of a Makiwara Classical Makiwara are made from a wooden

post concreted or heavily supported in the

ground using rocks. The top of the makiwara

has a small pad, or rope wrapping and the

post itself is slightly tapered on the back side

to improve the spring.

The makiwara is used by applying technique

causing the post to bend, then using proper

form (Omoi) to hold the bend in place for a

short period of time, before releasing the

technique and repeating.

Bushi striking makiwara

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