Rocks Activities – Ms. Canizares 2018-19

Learning Objectives: Cornell/Mark the Text Requirements:

Rocks

Describe how

igneous, metamorphic,

and sedimentary rocks

are formed

Explain how one rock

can turn into any other

type of rock

Define, describe and

identify steps in the rock

cycle

Explain the difference

between weathering and

erosion & identify where

this can occur on Earth

--Grading Rubric --

5 4 3 2 1

Activities Completed & accurate Answers show evidence of thinking and improvement of understanding on magnets Work is neat and shows effort/time spent Corrections made on mistakes (except I think type questions/predictions)

Almost

perfect

Missing

several

components

Missing

many

components

Missing

most

components

Cornell Notes

& Mark the

Text

Checklist above is completed

It’s evident that it has been used for

studying at home – revised, foldings for

using questions, etc.

Almost

perfect

Missing

several

components

Missing

many

components

Missing

most

components

Crayon Rock Cycle Simulation

Grading Guide for Mark

the Text:

Paragraphs numbered

Vocabulary Circled or

Highlighted

Each Paragraph has

key ideas Underlined

or Highlighted

Underlines or

Highlights are 5-8

words (less is best)

Grading Guide for Cornell Notes:

Big Topic ID’ed

Essential Question based on big

topic & higher level question

(hint use how)

Notes per paragraph – using

mark the text

Question per paragraph on left

Summary is 5 sentences

minimum and is about the entire

reading

Summary is factual not

personal

Notes are processed –

highlight most difficult, !

*?etc.

Name:

______________________

Hour ______

Instructions Side!

Weathering & Erosion 1. Cover your desks with newspaper.

2. Divide the crayons so that you each have three

crayons of the same color.

3. Peel the paper off the crayons & throw them

away properly.

4. Place the crayons on the paper towel (one color

per paper towel).

5. Sharpen all the crayons so that each paper

towel has a different color.

6. Use your hands to break up big shavings once

they are on the paper towel (DO NOT MIX

COLORS).

Deposition of Sediments 1. Obtain one piece of aluminum foil.

2. Measure and draw a 10x10cm2 square in the

center of your aluminum foil.

3. Transfer one color of your crayon fragments

to the center of the aluminum foil, & place

fragments inside your square.

4. Spread your fragments so they fill the square.

5. Spread a second color of fragments on top of

the first color in the same way. Continue with

the rest of the colors. You should end up with

four distinct colors layered on top of one

another (it may have a slight pyramid shape as you

go up in layers).

6. Fold the foil over the shavings, leaving

approximately a 1 cm space between the edge

of the crayon square and the fold in the foil

(fold – 1cm flap).

7. Use masking tape to keep foil closed & label

hour & table number.

Think About It Side! (Questions)

Weathering & Erosion 1. What action are you doing to the crayon to

simulate “weathering & erosion”?

2. Are all the fragments the same size? _____

3. What forces in nature cause weathering &

erosion?

4. Describe the characteristics at the end of

step 6.

Deposition of Sediments 5. What action are you doing to the crayon to

simulate “deposition of sediments”?

6. What are the sediments in this simulation?

7. What examples can you think of in nature

where sediment is being deposited?

8. In your foil package, which color was deposited

first, second, third, and fourth? Draw a rough

sketch below how it looks.

Sedimentary Rock 1. Place the foil pack under the three text books

on your desk.

Draw a picture of weathering and erosion!! Draw a picture of deposition!!

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Class Set

2. Apply light pressure by leaning on it on your

desk, to simulate compaction, for

approximately 3-5 minutes. (The lithification

process begins when rock particles are

compacted)

3. Once fragments are mildly compressed,

remove books.

4. Open foil carefully and observe product.

5. Observe the “sedimentary rock”

Metamorphic Rock 1. Place the foil pack on the floor.

2. Put the piece of wood on top of it.

3. Place pressure on the foil pack by standing on

the wood block for approximately 7 minutes

(take turns).

In nature, rock is exposed to great amounts of heat & pressure. Metamorphic rock may actually flow like a plastic material when exposed to pressure. Metamorphic rock also becomes very strong. 4. Take the wood off the foil pack and open it up.

5. Examine the “metamorphic” rock.

6. Put the foil back on, and have the iron press

down and apply some heat to your “rock”.

Sedimentary Rock 9. What action did you do to recreate

lithification?

11. What can cause lithification in real life?

12. What is the difference between the layers

before compaction and the layers after the

compaction?

13. What happened to the space between the

fragments?

Metamorphic Rock 14. What action(s) did you take to simulate the

making of a metamorphic rock?

15. How is this different than making a

sedimentary rock?

16. What happened to the thickness of the layers?

17. What has happened to the fragments (look

closely)?

Draw a picture of how a sedimentary rock is

formed!!

Draw a picture of how a metamorphic rock is made!!

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Igneous Rock 1. Place the crayon from the foil into a beaker.

Bring the beaker to your teacher to place on a

hot plate.

2. Set up how you will cool your igneous rock by

picking one of the options below.

3. Observe the crayon melting.

4. Take melted crayon back to your lab station

and cool your hot liquid magma by the option

you picked.

Igneous Rock

20. What actions are you doing to simulate

how igneous rocks are made?

21. Where are some places in nature where rocks might

be made this way?

22. Describe what your igneous rock looked like when it

cooled?

Draw a picture of how an igneous rock is made!!

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Rocks

You can find interesting rocks almost anywhere. The rock of Earth’s crust forms mountains, hills, valleys, beaches, even the ocean

floor. When studying a rock sample, geologists observe the rock’s mineral composition, color, and texture.

How Rocks Form

Using color, texture, and mineral composition, geologists can

classify a rock according to its origin. A rock’s origin is how the rock

formed. Geologists classify rocks into three major groups: igneous

rock, sedimentary rock, and metamorphic rock. Rocks do not die.

They just transform into another type of rock. This process is called the rock cycle.

Each of these groups of rocks forms in a different way. Igneous rock (IG nee us) forms from the cooling of magma or lava. Lava that is

cooled quickly makes an intrusive igneous rock. Pumice & obsidian are examples of intrusive igneous rocks. Magma cools more

slowly and this allows larger grain sizes to create rocks like granite.

Most sedimentary rock (sed uhMEN tur ee) forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and

cemented together. Sedimentary rock forms in layers that are buried below the surface. There are three types of sedimentary rock:

clastic, chemical and organic. Organic sedimentary rock is made of the remains of plants or animals (organic – organism). Coal is an

organic sedimentary rock. Limestone can be made of fossils, or can be made chemically as solids precipitate out of the ocean waters.

Sandstone is an example of a clastic sedimentary rock. When rock is weathered by wind, water, ice, etc. it is broken into pieces.

These pieces can then be compressed together to create a new rock.

Metamorphic rock (met uh MAWR fik) forms when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical

reactions. Most metamorphic rock forms deep underground. There are two types of metamorphic rock: foliated

and non-foliated. Foliated rock leaves layer lines showing the pressure they have been exposed to (see image

on right). Non-foliated rocks have pressure but the heat affects the rocks and therefore there are not layer lines.

Marble is an example.

Rocks & Weathering Imagine a hike that lasts for months and covers hundreds of kilometers. Each year, many hikers go on such treks. They hike trails that run the length of America’s great mountain ranges. The Sierras extend about 640 kilometers along the eastern side of California. The Sierras are rocky and steep, with many peaks rising 3,000 meters above sea level. The Appalachians are more rounded and gently sloping, and are covered with soil and plants. The Appalachians stretch more than 2,000 kilometers from Alabama to Maine. The highest peaks in the Appalachians are less than half the elevation of the highest peaks in the Sierras. Which mountain range do you think is older? The Appalachians formed more than 250 million years ago. The Sierras formed only within the last 10 million years. The forces that wear down rock on Earth’s surface have had much longer to grind down the Appalachians.

Weathering is the process that breaks down rock and other substances at Earth’s surface. Heat, cold, water, and ice all contribute to weathering. So do the oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Repeated freezing and thawing, for example, can crack rock apart into smaller pieces. Rainwater can dissolve minerals that bind rock together. You don’t need to go to the mountains to see examples of weathering. The forces that wear down mountains also cause bicycles to rust, paint to peel, sidewalks to crack, and potholes to form.

The forces of weathering break rocks into smaller and smaller pieces. Then the forces of erosion carry the pieces away. Erosion (ee ROH zhun) is the movement of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity. Weathering and erosion work together continuously to wear down and carry away the rocks at Earth’s surface.

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Questions/Main Ideas:

Rocks

_____________________________

_____________________________

How Rocks Form

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

Rocks & Weathering

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

__

_______________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

Core & Earth’s Magnetic Field

_____________________________

_____________________________

___________________________

Summary (5 sentences minimum): Geologists study rocks by observing rock m______________ composition, c____________, and

t__________. The rock cycle is the theory that ____________________________________________ . The three types of rocks are

________________ (made by melting and cooling), ________________________ (made by extreme heat and pressure), and

_______________________ (made by sediments compressed together). Besides plate tectonics, two major contributors to the rock cycle

are _____________________________ (the breaking of rocks to smaller pieces) and _________________________ which moves the

sediment to different locations.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Big Topic: ______________________________________

Essential Question:

Notes

1: Geologists study rocks by observing rock m__________ composition, c________,

and t__________.

2: ________________________: rocks do not die; they just change from one form to

another

3: ________________ rock: made from m________________ and

c______________

4: ______________________ rock: made from little pieces (sediment) that get

compressed together

5: ____________________ rock: made by extreme heat and or pressure

6: Mountains do not last forever because ___________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

7: __________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

8:Erosion: movement of particles by w_______, w_______, ice or g________.

___________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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Summary (5 sentences minimum): ________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Journey on the Rock Cycle

This sheet is to help you write about your experiences as a rock during your journey on the rock cycle. You will need to

describe your adventures at each spot and tell about what kind of rock you feel that you were.

1. I began my adventure at: Earth’s Interior Soil River Ocean Clouds Mountains Volcano 2. Roll the “dice”. The first thing that happened was _____________________________________. Then you were sent to: Earth’s Interior Soil River Ocean Clouds Mountains Volcano 3. Roll the “dice”. The next thing that happened was _____________________________________. Then you were sent to: Earth’s Interior Soil River Ocean Clouds Mountains Volcano 4. Roll the “dice”. The next thing that happened was _____________________________________. Then you were sent to: Earth’s Interior Soil River Ocean Clouds Mountains Volcano 5. Roll the “dice”. The next thing that happened was _____________________________________. Then you were sent to: Earth’s Interior Soil River Ocean Clouds Mountains Volcano 6. Roll the “dice”. The next thing that happened was _____________________________________. Then you were sent to: Earth’s Interior Soil River Ocean Clouds Mountains Volcano 7. Roll the “dice”. The next thing that happened was _____________________________________. Then you were sent to: Earth’s Interior Soil River Ocean Clouds Mountains Volcano 8. Roll the “dice”. The next thing that happened was _____________________________________. Then you were sent to: Earth’s Interior Soil River Ocean Clouds Mountains Volcano 9. Roll the “dice”. The next thing that happened was _____________________________________. Then you were sent to: Earth’s Interior Soil River Ocean Clouds Mountains Volcano 10. Roll the “dice”. The next thing that happened was _____________________________________. Then you were sent to: Earth’s Interior Soil River Ocean Clouds Mountains Volcano Draw a comic strip of your journey through the rock cycle illustrating each of your steps through life! Mentally be

reviewing how each type of rock is made!

I S M

I S M

I S M

I S M

I S M

I S M

I S M

I S M

I S M

Step 5:

Step 6:

Step 7:

Step 8:

Step 9:

Step 10:

Step 1:

Step 2:

Step 3:

Step 4:

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Bill Nye Rocks!

1. When you look at rocks you are looking at h_______________.

2. The process of reforming rocks has been going on for b_______________ of years.

3. Dirt is broken down r___________.

4. One type of rock is i___________ (comes from the word f___________ also think of the word ignite). It is made

from l_______ or magma.

5. The next type of rock is s_______________. Examples of sediments are s_____, silt or m_____. These get squished

and the water is drained away to form the rock.

6. The last type of rock is m_______________. Pressure and h_______ make this type of rock.

7. Rocks are always changing is the principle of the Rock C_________. This is caused by plate t________________.

8. What causes rocks to crack? Water f____________, or plants growing into rocks.

9. Waves break down rocks into s___________. This is a s________ process. Waves cause e___________. (not in the

video but a vocabulary term).

10. Soil can include rocks, s__________ and roots.

11. Can rocks start out as a liquid? _______ what type of rocks are they? I_____________

12. D______________ are the hardest substance known to man and only d_______________ can cut it!

13. Coal is only different from diamonds because of tons of p___________________ from deep inside earth.

14. What are the three types of rocks? ___________________ _______________________ ____________________

Rock Cycle Web & Review

http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/diagram.html

This site is just a great review site. Please click through and then write down 3 new things you learned or what the site

helped reinforce in your brain.

1. __________________________________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________________________________

Click on complete the cycle at the bottom & test urself!

http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm click through

this site that gives you an example of the rock cycle in action. Answer the questions as you go.

1. You should be starting with this image. To review, what type of boundary is this? ____________________________

2. Click the play button under the animation. Crystallization (cooling of lava) makes what type of rock? (Ig, Sed, or Met

– circle one)

3. Click on the lava in the image. What makes the holes in rocks? ______________________________

4. Click continue. What causes the rock to erode (break into pieces)? ______________________________

5. The sediment then experiences c____________________ and c______________ation to become a sedimentary

rock.

6. During metamorphism rock is exposed to h_________ and p_______________.

7. What type of rock has just been made? (Igneous, Sedimentary or Metamorphic – circle one)

8. Do rocks ever die? ___________

9. https://bit.ly/1P248VR Put the words where they belong. How many tries did it take you to get it right?

____________Click through: https://bit.ly/2tVyRo8 & play the animation

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