Name the planets as they go around the sun.

Objects in Objects in Our Solar SystemOur Solar System

Essential VocabularyEssential Vocabulary

RotationRotation – the time it takes to – the time it takes to spin on its axis spin on its axis

This makes one DAYThis makes one DAY

RevolutionRevolution – the time it takes – the time it takes to orbit the sun once to orbit the sun once

This makes one YEARThis makes one YEAR

The Inner PlanetsThe Inner Planets

• Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars

• Known as terrestrial planets because they are made of rock

• Revolve around the Sun and rotate on their axis

• Closest planets to the Sun

The Outer PlanetsThe Outer Planets

• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

• Gas Giants – composed mostly of Hydrogen and Helium

• All have rings

• Revolve around the sun and rotate on their axis.

NOT TO SCALE!

The SunThe SunA ball of glowing gas!A ball of glowing gas!

Largest thing in our Largest thing in our solar systemsolar system– 99.8% of the mass of the 99.8% of the mass of the

solar system solar system

No solid surfaceNo solid surface– 75% Hydrogen and 25% 75% Hydrogen and 25%

HeliumHelium

Rotates on its axis every Rotates on its axis every 25 – 38 days 25 – 38 days

Located in the center of Located in the center of the solar systemthe solar system

The MoonThe Moon

Our moon is named LunaOur moon is named Luna

Spherical Spherical

About 2400 miles across. About 2400 miles across.

All moons are made of All moons are made of rock. rock.

Moons orbit their planets Moons orbit their planets in the same direction as in the same direction as the planets’ rotations the planets’ rotations

Galilean MoonsGalilean Moons The largest of the The largest of the

many moons of many moons of JupiterJupiter

Discovered by Discovered by Galileo Galilei on Galileo Galilei on Jan. 7, 1610 Jan. 7, 1610

Galilean MoonsGalilean Moons

Among the most massive rocky objects in Among the most massive rocky objects in the Solar System, with a radius larger than the Solar System, with a radius larger than

Mercury or any of the dwarf planets.Mercury or any of the dwarf planets.

Galilean MoonsGalilean MoonsIoIo ((3,642 km) With over 400 active volcanoes, Io is the 3,642 km) With over 400 active volcanoes, Io is the

most geologically active object in the Solar System. most geologically active object in the Solar System. EuropaEuropa (3121.6 km(3121.6 km) The smooth surface includes a layer ) The smooth surface includes a layer

of ice, while the bottom of the ice is theorized to be of ice, while the bottom of the ice is theorized to be liquid water.liquid water.

GanymedeGanymede (5262 km) largest natural satellite in the Solar (5262 km) largest natural satellite in the Solar System, a salt-water ocean is believed to exist nearly System, a salt-water ocean is believed to exist nearly 200km below Ganymede's surface, sandwiched 200km below Ganymede's surface, sandwiched between layers of ice. It has a thin oxygen atmosphere.between layers of ice. It has a thin oxygen atmosphere.

CallistoCallisto (4820 km) Callisto is is surrounded by an (4820 km) Callisto is is surrounded by an extremely thin atmosphere composed of carbon extremely thin atmosphere composed of carbon dioxide and probably molecular oxygen. Investigation dioxide and probably molecular oxygen. Investigation revealed that Callisto may have possibly a subsurface revealed that Callisto may have possibly a subsurface ocean of liquid water at depths greater than ocean of liquid water at depths greater than 100 kilometers.100 kilometers.

MeteoroidsMeteoroids

Meteors are rocky Meteors are rocky fragments of comets, fragments of comets, planets, moons, or planets, moons, or asteroids. asteroids.

Travel through space Travel through space without an orbit.without an orbit.

MeteorsMeteors

Meteoroids that have Meteoroids that have entered an entered an atmosphereatmosphere

Friction with the Friction with the molecules in the molecules in the atmosphere cause it atmosphere cause it to burnto burn

Commonly called Commonly called “shooting stars”“shooting stars”

MeteoritesMeteorites

Any part of a meteoroid Any part of a meteoroid that survives passage that survives passage through the atmosphere through the atmosphere andand lands on the surface lands on the surface of a planet or a moon. of a planet or a moon.

Largest meteorite found on Earth

Hoba, Namibia

CometsComets

Mixture of ices (both water and Mixture of ices (both water and frozen gases) dust, and rocks frozen gases) dust, and rocks

Have an elliptical orbit around the Have an elliptical orbit around the sunsun– When they are in the inner solar When they are in the inner solar

system the radiation from the sun system the radiation from the sun causes a tail to form.causes a tail to form. Due to solar winds, the tail always points Due to solar winds, the tail always points

away from the sunaway from the sun

AsteroidsAsteroids

Left over materials from Left over materials from the formation of the the formation of the Solar System Solar System

Composed of rock or Composed of rock or metalmetal

Smaller than a planet Smaller than a planet but larger than a meteor but larger than a meteor

No evidence of an No evidence of an atmosphereatmosphere

Asteroid BeltAsteroid Belt

Most are Most are located in the located in the asteroid belt asteroid belt between Mars between Mars and Jupiter: 2 – and Jupiter: 2 – 4 AU4 AU

probably more probably more than a millionthan a million