Ch. 28 Plant Evolution & Classification The first plants
were thought to be water plants Algae. Other plants evolved from
algae. Pg. 581 If you were to take algae out of the water would it
live alright. So, how do land plants live away from water? Land
plants developed a cuticle, which is a waxy protective covering, to
protect against desiccation. Bark & leaves have this. Does
algae have a cuticle? Algae is not a plant; its classified as a
Protista
Slide 3
Slide 4
Vascular Tissue Vascular tissues transport food and water
throughout the plant. 1. Xylem transports water. Dead cells. 2.
Phloem transports food. Table 30-1 Phyla of the Plant Kingdom (pg.
580) Nonvascular Vascular without seeds Vascular with seeds Spores
haploid reproductive structure of some plants. Seeds diploid
(embryo) structure with a protective coat and endosperm
(food).
Slide 5
2 Main Groups of Plants 1. Nonvascular plants no vascular
tissue. No true roots, leaves, or stems. Ex. Chlorophyta Algae Ex.
Bryophyta Mosses 2. Vascular plants have vascular tissues. Able to
transport food & water. They have true roots, leaves, and
stems. Pterophyta Ferns (spores - seedless) Shenophyta Horsetail
(spores - seedless) Coniferophyta pine trees (gymnosperms).
Anthophyta flowering plants (angiosperms).
Slide 6
NAME THESE 2 PLANTS?
Slide 7
Bryophyta are mosses that have rhizoids. Rhizoids (false roots)
are like roots, but they dont have vascular tissue. How many of you
get moss on your fishing line when you go fishing? Horsetails have
a cone-like structure at the tip called a strobilius. Horsetail is
also called scouring rush; Native Americans use to use it for clean
pots. Name the main types of vascular plants Horsetail, ferns,
conifers, flowering plants
Slide 8
Slide 9
Slide 10
Slide 11
Parts of a Fern Ferns leaves are called Fronds Ferns roots are
called Rhizomes On the underneath side of a frond are several round
structures called sori (plural). The outside covering of the sori
is a induisium. The induisium opens up to release sporangium. The
sori hold several sporangium. Inside the sporangium are spores,
which are released when the sporangium opens up. Types of ferns Pg.
587 Video Clip
Slide 12
Slide 13
Slide 14
Slide 15
Slide 16
Slide 17
Slide 18
Slide 19
Slide 20
Gymnosperms Gymnosperm means naked seeds. Gymnosperms have
cones with seeds. Video Ginkgo trees are one of very few deciduous
tree that are gymnosperms. What does deciduous mean? Has anyone
ever heard of a ginkgo before? Conifers or evergreens are the main
type of tree in this group Coniferophyta. Oldest living organism
Bristle Cone Pine 4,000 to 5,000 years old. Video One of the most
massive organisms Giant Sequoia about 100,000 tons. Video
Slide 21
Slide 22
Slide 23
Slide 24
Slide 25
Slide 26
Slide 27
Angiosperms Angiosperms means covered seeds. Anthophyta
(division) Flowering plants Divided into 2 Classes 1. Monocotyledon
(Monocots) 1 seed leaf or 1 cotyledon 2. Dicotyledon (Dicot) 2 seed
leaves or 2 cotyledons.
Slide 28
Monocot Characteristics 1. Parallel leaf venation. Ex. Corn
& grasses 2. 3 or 6 part arrangement of the flower 3. 1
cotyledon 4. Scattered vascular bundles Examples = grasses, wheat,
corn, tulips, etc. Dicot Characteristics 1. Netted leaf venation.
Ex. Most tree leaves 2. 4 or 5 part arrangement of the flower 3. 2
cotyledon 4. Vascular bundles in a ring. Examples = trees, most
weeds, etc.
Slide 29
What does the term deciduous mean? Trees that loose their
leaves. Alternation of Generation This is the life cycle of plants
(2 phases) 1. Sporophyte Generation (Diploid) The time when the
plant produces spores or seeds This is the mature part of the
plants life cycle. 2. Gameophyte Generation (Haploid) The time when
the plant produces an egg and pollen (gametes). This is the part of
the life cycle when there is a antheridium (male plant) and
archegonium (female plant). When the male (pollen ) fertilizes the
female (egg), that starts the sporophyte generation again. Pg.
582
Slide 30
Seeds vs. Spores 1. Seeds have a constant supply of food for
the embryo from the cotyledon. 2. Seeds are protected during harsh
conditions. Drought & winter 3. Seeds adapt for easy dispersal.
Stickers, dandelion, fruit, ect. 4. Seeds dont require water. So,
how do spore plants survive if spores have less advantages? Produce
more spores